• 지질공학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2016

토석류 지반의 안정성은 일반적으로 표토층의 중량, 점착력, 사면의 각도 그리고 내부 마찰각 등의 물성치를 통해서 예측된다. 그 중 표토층의 중량은 표토층 깊이와 단위중량으로 추정할 수 있으며, 이때 광범위한 지역에서 표토층 깊이를 예측하는 것이 선행적으로 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 탄성파 탐사를 통해 표토층 깊이를 추정하고자 하였으며, 표토층 깊이를 예측할 수 있는 속도 범위 결정방법도 함께 제시하고자 하였다. 대상지역은 세종시 인근의 토석류 발생지역으로 전체적인 표토층 깊이를 예측하기 위하여 총 4개의 측선에서 속도 분포를 관찰하였다. 또한 토석류 위험 지역에서의 표토층 깊이를 알기 위하여 동적 콘관입(dynamic cone penetration) 시험도 함께 실시하였으며, 총 18개의 원위치 시험을 수행하였다. 탄성파 탐사 결과 대상지역은 총 3~4개의 지층으로 구성되어 있으며, 기존의 속도값을 통해 표피심도를 예측하였다. 기존 속도 기준 값으로 예측된 결과는 DCP 결과와 큰 차이를 보였으며, 차이를 감소시키고 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 새로운 속도 기준값을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 표피심도를 예측하기 위하여 기존 기준 값을 현장 조건에 맞게 조절해야 함을 암시하며, 추가적인 실험으로 더욱 정밀한 기준값을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

The void ratio and elastic moduli are design parameters used in geotechnical engineering to understand soil behavior. Elastic and electromagnetic waves have been used to evaluate the various soil characteristics due to high resolution. The objective of this study is to evaluate the void ratio and elastic moduli based on elastic wave velocities and electrical resistivity. The Field Velocity Resistivity Probe (FVRP) is developed to obtain the elastic and electromagnetic wave profiles of soil during penetration. The Piezoelectric Disk Elements (PDE) and Bender Elements (BE) are used as transducers for measuring the elastic wave velocities such as compressional and shear wave velocities. The Electrical Resistivity Probe (ERP) is also installed for capturing the electrical resistivity profile. The application test is carried out on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula. The field tests are performed at a depth of 6~20 m, at 10 cm intervals for measuring elastic wave velocities and at 0.5cm intervals for measuring electrical resistivity. The elastic moduli such as constraint and shear moduli are calculated by using measured elastic wave velocities. The void ratios are also evaluated based on the elastic wave velocities and the electrical resistivity. Furthermore, the converted void ratios by using FVRP are compared with the volumetric void ratio obtained by a standard consolidation test. The comparison shows that the void ratios based on the FVPR match the volume based void ratio well. This study suggests that the FVRP may be a useful device to effectively determine the elastic moduli and void ratio in the field.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1982

study aims to derive a rational method for the analysis of the farm silo supported on an elastic foundation in which it is assumed that the reaction pressure of the soil at a point is proportional to the deflection at that point. In order to investigate the effects of an elastic foundation on the behaviour of the structures on it, the analysis of the farm silo resting on an elastic foundation was compared with the solution that the ground support may be assumed uniform (which was obtained from part I of this paper). To calculate the deformation of an elastic foundation, Boussinesq's solution which allows an interaction of the various parts of ground was adopted. In this case, the foundation was treated as a superparametric element additionally. In the evaluation of an element stiffness matrix, Gauss quadrature' was used. In above numerical integration, 3-point rule for the farm silo wall and the footing was introduced and 2-point rule for the evaluation of a reaction between the footing and the elastic foundation was adopted. The stresses of a farm silo on an elastic foundation were smaller than those which the distribution of contact pressure between the footing and the soil is assumed uniformly. Since the differences of stresses were remarkable in PS structures than RC structures, it is desirable that designers take into account the effect of an elastic foundation for the case of PS structures. It can be noted that while the effect of an elastic foundation was more conspicuously observed in near of the ground, the value of stresses at far from the soil was little affected by an supported soil.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.83-101
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• 2002

탄성파는 지표면에 가까운 흙에 관한 중요한 정보를 공급한다. 흙특성 파악에 물리탐사기법의 원활한 적용을 위하여 탄성파인자와 흙특성과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 적용 예로서, 비포화토의 거동 및 특성을 전단파 시험을 통하여 알아보았다. 포화시료를 건조하면서 밴더엘리먼트를 사용하여 미소변형률 전단강성을 연속적으로 측정하였다. 비포화토에서는 모세관현상, 이온공유에 의한 접착, 세립자 이동에 의한 강화효과, 염 침전에 의한 시멘트결합과 같은 입자간 힘의 변화가 강성의 변화에 직접적으로 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 비포화토의 시료를 교란함으로써 메니스커스의 회복에 대한 연구를 수행하였고, 비포화토에서 일어나는 여러 가지 현상들을 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.285-292
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• 1999

The cyclic plate load test were peformed to determine the behavior of reinforced soft ground with multiple layers of geogrid. Five series of test were conducted with varying the soil profile conditions which including the ground level, type of soil, and the thickness of each soil layer. The plate load test equipment was slightly modified to apply the cyclic load. Based on the cyclic plate load test results, the bearing capacity ratio(BCR), subbase modules, shear modules, the elastic rebound ratio, and reinforcing parameters are presented.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.267-289
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• 2014

A proper physical modeling of infilled building frame-foundation beam-soil mass interaction system is needed to predict more realistic and accurate structural behavior under static vertical loading. This is achieved via finite element method considering the superstructure, foundation and soil mass as a single integral compatible structural unit. The physical modelling is achieved via use of finite element method, which requires the use of variety of isoparametric elements with different degrees of freedom. The unbounded domain of the soil mass has been discretized with coupled finite-infinite elements to achieve computational economy. The nonlinearity of soil mass plays an important role in the redistribution of forces in the superstructure. The nonlinear behaviour of the soil mass is modeled using hyperbolic model. The incremental-iterative nonlinear solution algorithm has been adopted for carrying out the nonlinear elastic interaction analysis of a two-bay two-storey infilled building frame. The frame and the infill have been considered to behave in linear elastic manner, whereas the subsoil in nonlinear elastic manner. In this paper, the computational methodology adopted for nonlinear soil-structure interaction analysis of infilled frame-foundation-soil system has been presented.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2009

In this paper a four-node hybrid stress element is proposed for analysing arbitrarily shaped plates on a two parameter elastic foundation. The element is developed by combining a hybrid plate stress element and a soil element. The formulation is based on Hellinger-Reissner variational principle in which both inter element compatible boundary displacement and equilibrated stress fields for the plate as well as the foundation are chosen separately. This formulation also allows a low order polynomial interpolation functions. Numerical examples are presented to show that the validity and efficiency of the present element for the plate analysis resting on an elastic foundation. In these examples the effect of soil depth, interaction between closed plates on soil parameters, comparison with Winkler hypothesis is investigated.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

지반조건은 구조물의 지진거동에 매우 큰 영향을 미치고 성능에 기준한 내진설계에 중요한 요소이다. 이 논문에서는 지진에 의한 지반의 비선형성을 포함한 지반의 비선형성이 구조물의 탄성지진거동에 미치는 영향을 지반 구조물 일괄해석 유한요소법과 지반의 비선형성을 구현하기 위해 Ramberg-Osgood 토질모델에 대한 근사선형 반복해석법으로 연구하였다. 연구는 말뚝기초의 유무를 고려한 주기가 변하는 선형 단자유도계에 지표에서 기록된 1940년 EI Centre지진을 적용하여 수행하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 연약지반의 비선형 특성 영향이 구조물의 탄성 지진거동에 매우 중요하곡 성능에 기준한 지반의 비선형성을 고려한 구조물의 내진설계가 필요하다는 것을 잘 보여주고 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 기초 지지층의 응력-침하특성을 평가하기 위해 변형률 범위가 다른 두 가지 강성측정 시험법으로 산정한 탄성계수를 비교하였다. 미소변형률 범위의 흙강성측정기(SSG)와 중변형률 범위의 평판재하시험(PLT)이 탄성계수 산정에 이용되었다. 변형률 범위가 다른 시험방법으로 구한 탄성계수를 기초설계 및 시공실무에 적용하기 위해서는 각각의 값에 대한 상관관계가 사전에 파악되어야 한다. 국내의 대표적인 지지층인 풍화토 및 풍화암에서 두 가지 방법에 의한 탄성계수를 비교·분석한 결과에 따르면, 지반의 종류 및 응력조건에 따라 탄성계수가 상이하게 평가되는 것으로 나타났다. 다양한 조건의 지반에 대해 평판재하시험으로 산정한 정적 탄성계수는 흙강성측정기로 측정한 동적 탄성계수와 비교할 때, 시험의 변형률 수준 차이로 인해 56% 감소된 결과를 나타냈다. 따라서, 평판재하 시험을 대체하여 흙강성측정기를 효과적으로 사용하기 위해서는 지반강성에 따른 응력분포, 응력수준, 동적효과에 대한 영향을 보정하여 측정값을 적용할 필요가 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2020

The uncertain geotechnical properties of frozen soil are important evidence for the design, operation and maintenance of the frozen ground. The complex geological, environmental and physical effects can lead to the spatial variations of the frozen soil, and the uncertain mechanical properties are the key factors for the uncertain analysis of frozen soil engineering. In this study, the elastic modulus, strength and Poisson ratio of warm frozen soil were measured, and the statistical characteristics under different temperature conditions are obtained. The autocorrelation distance (ACD) and autocorrelation function (ACF) of uncertain mechanical properties are estimated by random field (RF) method. The results show that the mean elastic modulus and mean strength decrease with the increase of temperature while the mean Poisson ratio increases with the increase of temperature. The average values of the ACD for the elastic modulus, strength and Poisson ratio are 0.64m, 0.53m and 0.48m, respectively. The standard deviation of the ACD for the elastic modulus, strength and Poisson ratio are 0.03m, 0.07m and 0.03m, respectively. The ACFs of elastic modulus, strength and Poisson ratio decrease with the increase of ratio of local average distance and scale of fluctuation. The ACF of uncertain mechanical properties is different when the temperature is different. This study can improve our understanding of the spatial autocorrelation variations of uncertain geotechnical properties and provide a basis and reference for the uncertain settlement analysis of frozen soil foundation.