• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1999

The antiosidant activity of carnosine and related compounds such as anserine, homo-carnosine, histidine, and $\beta$-alanine which are found in most mammalian tissues, was investigated using hypochlorite (HOCl)-induced oxidant systems. Carnosine and related compounds were protective against HOCl-induced ascorbic acid oxidation, as determined by UV absorbance at 265nm. L-histidine was the most effective among them. The inhibitory effect of these compounds was strongly associated with a decrease in HOCl. It was also found that carnosine and related compounds significantly protected against the HOCl-mediated erythrocyte damage, as determined by hemoglobin release and gemolysis (p<0.05). Carnosine and anserine also inhibited of $\alpha$-antiprotease($\alpha$-AP) by HOCl, thereby inactivating porcine elastase. The inhibitory effect of carnosine on inactivation of $\alpha$-AP by HOCl depended on the concentration of carnosine and on the time preincubated with HOCl. Homocarnosine, histidine, and $\beta$-alanine did not inhibit the reaction. These results indicate that carnosine and related compounds can neutralize or scavenge HOCl. Thus, these compounds may play an important role in protecting against HOCl-mediated damage of biomolecules in vivo.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

Most of the cells, specially in the skin, free radicals and reactive oxygen species induced aging, accompanying with diseases. The pinaceae family is very familiar plant with Korean spirit. However, those plants were not estimated for natural products in manufactural process. We employed 4 different plants, Pinus koraienis S et Z. Pinus banksiana LAMBERT. Pinus rigida MILL. Pinus densiflora S. et Z. in pinceae family. The ethanol extracts were prepared for three different parts of plant, wood, bark and leaf, respectively. In this study, we carried out free radical and superoxide radical scavenging assay to investigate the anti-oxidative activity The bark and leaf part of plants showed similar anti-oxidant effect. L-ascorbic acid and $\alpha$-tocopherol at $10{\mu}g/mL$. Also we tried to investigate inhibitory effects of elastase activity in in vitro experiments on pinaceae plant extract as a matters for functional cosmetics. Among those plants, the bark of Pinus rigida MILL. and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. showed inhibitory effect. The cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay. The potential relationship was shown between the cell viability and anti-oxidant effect because the anti-oxidant effects were positively correlated wvith the cell growth in MTT assay. As the results in our experiments, we expect the potential activities of pinaceae as a material of functional cosmetics.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2022

The main objective of this work is to prepare Rehmannia glutinosa extract (RE) incorporated functional chitosan (CH) based biomaterials and evaluate their physical properties, RE release properties, inhibitory effect of melanogenesis, and antioxidant and elastase inhibitory activities. RE incorporated CH based biomaterials were synthesized by a casting method and UV curing process. The surface and cross sections of prepared biomaterials were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The physical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break were also investigated. To apply the transdermal drug delivery system, RE release properties were examined with pH 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 buffer solutions and artificial skin test at 36.5 ℃. Results indicated that RE release of RE incorporated biomaterials with/without the addition of plasticizers [glycerol (GL) and citric acid (CA)] at pH 6.5 was about 1.10 times higher than that of at pH 4.5. In addition, results of the artificial skin test verified that RE was released constantly for 6 h. To verify the applicability of the prepared biomaterials, tyrosinase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and elastase assays were investigated. Results indicated that RE incorporated biomaterials added CA exhibited tyrosinase activation, DPPH radical scavenging activity rate, and elastase activation of 45.12, 89.40, and 59.94%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2018

Background: To obtain useful cosmetic resources, this study aimed to determine the non-saponin fatty acid and inhibitory activities of collagenase and elastase by treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious root culture of wild mountain ginseng. Methods and Results: We performed supercritical fluid extraction at various conditions such as pressure, temperature, time, and use of co-solvents, unlike the n-hexane extraction for the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng. The non-saponin-fatty acid obtained from the oil of the adventitious roots culture was incresed by treatment with S. cerevisiae. The supercritical fluid extraction was conducted using gas chromatography. Non-saponin-fatty acid content, in the oil of adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae for 2 days were three times higher than that in the control. In addition, the oil of the adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae was investigated for the anti-wrinkle effect by using collagenase and elastase. The oil of adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae exhibited higher collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities than those in the control. Conclusions: Supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae was found to have decreased ratio of saturated fatty acids and incresed ratio and content of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Furthermore, it showed anti-wrinkle effects in vitro.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2014

To identify new active anti-wrinkle ingredients, this study investigated the anti-wrinkle effects of Schizandra chinensis Baillon fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (SCF) by assessment of cytotoxicity of human dermal fibroblast, collagen biosynthesis, matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) inhibition and elastase inhibition. S. chinensis was fermented with L. rhamnosus for 1 day at $37^{\circ}C$. The cytotoxicity of SCF was evaluated by a cytopathic effect reduction method. Effects on collagen biosynthesis and matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) of SCF were evaluated by previous reported method using procollagen type-IC peptide EIA kit and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Biotrack activity Assay Kit, respectively. Elastase inhibition assay was conducted by reaction of enzyme and substrate using N-Suc-$(Ala)_3$-nitroanilide as the substrate. As the results, SCF didn't show cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblast at concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Also, SCF was increased collagen synthesis and showed inhibitory effect of MMP-1 (p < 0.05). In the elastase inhibition assay, the $IC_{50}$ of SCF was $36.4{\mu}g/mL$. Therefore, our results indicated that SCF possesses anti-wrinkle effects and can be used practically for anti-wrinkle care of skin.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.482-490
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase of Sorbus commixta (S. commixta) twig extracts were investigated. The aglycone fraction of S. commixta twig extract showed the prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity($FSC_{50}$, $13{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities of S. commixta twig extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The 50 % ethanol extract among extracts showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$, $0.189{\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of extract/fractions of S. commixta twig on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The 50 % ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed the cellular protective effects against ROS in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of S. commixta twig extract on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate ($IC_{50}$, $113.2{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction($IC_{50}$, $105.3{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase showed more remarkable inhibitory effect than arbutin($IC_{50}$, $226.88{\mu}g/mL$), known as the whitening agent. The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($IC_{50}$, $6.9{\mu}g/mL$) on elastase was simillar to quercetin($IC_{50}$, $6.1{\mu}g/mL$), flavonoid known as reference compound. These results indicate that extract/fractions of S. commixta twig can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. S. commixta twig extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for anti-aging products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2024

In this study, the efficacy of antioxidant and whitening factors was analyzed in order to verify the possibility of use as functional cosmetic materials related to antioxidant and whitening by using the extract of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinmi. As a result, S OD-like activity, FRAP, reducing power, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and elastase inhibitory activity were similar to those of the control group. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity had no effect in hydrothermal extract and 59% inhibitory activity in ethanol extract. Ethanol extract was found to inhibit cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin biosynthesis at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL, which will not affect survival in the B16F10 cell line. In addition, the results of confirming the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 showed inhibition rates of 37%, 51%, and 34%, respectively, at the highest concentration of 100 ㎍/mL. Therefore, it is believed that O. sativa extract has potential to be utilized as a functional cosmetic material related to antioxidant and whitening.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.233-244
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase, and component analysis of Psidium guajava leaf extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities $(FSC_{50})$ of extract/fractions of Psidium guajava leaf were in the order: 50% ethanol extract $(7.05{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethyl acetate fraction $(3.36{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction $(3.24{\mu}g/mL)$. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities $(OSC_{50})$ of some Psidium guajava leaf extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were 50% ethanol extract $(OSC_{50},\;2.17{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethyl acetate fraction $(0.64{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction $(3.39{\mu}g/mL)$. Aglycone fraction showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Psidium guajava leaf on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Psidium guajava leaf extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner $(1{\sim}10{\mu}g/mL)$, particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ${\tau}_{50}\;107.5min\;at\;1{\mu}g/mL)$. Aglycone fraction obtained from the deglycosylation reaction of ethyl acetate fraction among the Psidium guajava leaf extracts, showed 1 band in TLC and 1 peak in HPLC experiments (360 nm). One component was identified as quercetin. TLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction of Psidium guajava leaf extract revealed 5 bands and HPLC chromatogram showed 5 peaks, which were identified as quercetin 3-O-gentobioside (10.32%) , quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (isoquercitin, 13.30%), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-galactoside (hyperin, 11.34%), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinoside (guajavarin, 19.70%), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-L-rhamnoside (quercitrin, 45.33%) in the order of elution time. The inhibitory effect of Psidium guajava leaf extracts on tyrosinase were investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Finally, their anti-elastase activities were measured to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy in the human skin. Inhibitory effects $(IC_{50})$ on tyrosinase of some Psidium guajava leaf extracts was 50% ethanol extract $(149.67{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethylacetate fraction $(30.67{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated aglycone fraction $(17.10{\mu}g/mL)$. Inhibitory effects $(IC_{50})$ on elastase of some Psidium guajava leaf extracts was 50% ethanol extract $(6.60{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated aglycone fraction $(5.66{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethylacetate fraction $(3.44{\mu}g/mL)$. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Psidium guajava leaf can function as antioxidants in bioloigcal systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And component analysis of Psidium guajava leaf extract and inhibitory activity on elastase of the aglycone fraction could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for smoothing wrinkles.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

To develop a new anti-skin aging cosmetics or functional foods by using antioxidative activity and collagenase inhibitor, a potent collagenase or elastase inhibitor was screened from various extracts of medicinal plants and its optimal extraction condition was investigated. And antioxidative activity, antimicrobial activity and inhibitory of effect against collagenase activity were investigated. In the these results, we selected the Sanguisorba (Sanguisorba officinalis L.) that presents a potential biological activities. Sanguisorba which is very rich in triterpenoid saponin and tannins was recently reported its anti-oxidant activities and phytoestogenic activities in vivo test and many clinical studies. The experiments were carried out in vitro to determine anti-oxidant activities of Sanguisorba extracts on DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, Superoxidase scavenging activity assay, Elastase and collagenase activity assay. It show that the Sanguisorba extracts have the most significant anti-oxidant on free radical scavenging activity assay, and also inhibited significantly activities of elastase, collagenase. Further, Sanguisorba extracts are activated Type I collagen protein expression in CCD-986sk cells. These result suggest that the Sanguisorba extracts on DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, Superoxidase scavenging activity assay, elastase and collagenase activity assay, Type I collagen protein expression in CCD-986sk cells effected could be developed cosmetic ingredients for anti-aging.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2019

The thinning Green ball apple was extracted using water and ethanol and a phenolic concentration of thinning Green ball apple was $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple showed 94.69% and 92.24% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 100.30% and 99.16% 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple showed antioxidant protection factor of 1.76 antioxidant protection factor and 1.76 antioxidant protection factor, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts showed 101.46% and 99.64% anti-oxidative effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Hence, the water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple can be considered a potential anti-oxidant. The water and ethanol extracts showed 33.28% and 32.14% hyaluronidase inhibition, respectively, at phenolic concentration of $150{\mu}g/mL$. The water and ethanol extracts showed 47.33% and 40.92% elastase inhibition and 46.19% and 65.58% collagenase inhibition at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. About these experiments, thinning Green ball apple was found to exhibit anti-oxidation activity as well as hyaluronidase, elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities. Therefore, thinning Green ball apple can be considered a potential source for functional food.