• 대한수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 1980

A survey was made from March 1978 through Feb. 1979 to know infection rate of parasites and incidence of diseases in 1968 cattle of 240 rearing and fattening cattle herds (1746 Korean native cattle, 186 Holstein, 34 Charolais and 2 Hereford) raising in 28 cities and counties of Gyeongbug district. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The rate of nematoda infection was about 49.0% in the examined cattle. These nematodes were identified as Mecistocirrus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Bunostomum sp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides sp. and other 3 species. Infection rate of nematoda in fattening and breeding cattle was higher than that in rearing calves, 44.3% of the positive cattle were infected with 2 to 5 species, and incidence of mixed infection was high in fattening cattle. 2. The rate of coccidal infection was 10.9%. Eimeria $z{\ddot{u}}rni$, Eimeria bovis and Eimeria bukidnonensis were mainly found in the examined cattle. The infection rates of cocidia in Holstein, breeding Korean cows, rearing Korean calves and fattening Korean cattle were 27.3%, 15.8%, 11.2% and 9.1%, respectively. 3. The rate of trematoda was 14.6% with Fasciola spp. (11.2%), Eurytrema spp. (2.0%), and Paramphistomum spp. infections (1.4%). Breeding Korean cows, fattening Korean cattle, Holstein and rearing Korean calves indicated 47.4%, 26.4%, 18.2% and 6.3% incidence of trematoda infections, respectively. of trematoda positive cattle, 76.6% were infected with Fasciola spp., 4. The rate of Theileria and Babesia infection was 62.7% in the examined cattle. Of these positive cattle 5.4% were infected with both parasites, 57.3% with Theileria, and 1.3% of rearing Korean calves and 22.6% of Holstein were found to have parasitized erythrocytes over 1.0%. 5. The incidence of diseases in 1968 cattle of 240 herds was 564 cattle (28.7%) of 154 herds (64.2%). of the diseases observed of skin occurred in 354 cattle (18.0%) of 61 herds (25.4%), diseases of respiratory system in 121 cattle (6.1%) of 34 herds (14.2%), diseases of digestive system in 38 cattle (1.9%) of 22 herds (9.2%), diseases of eye in 21 cattle (1.1%) of 13 herds (5.4%), diseases of urogenital system in 8 cattle (0.4%) of 8 herds (3.3%) and the other diseases in 24 cattle (1.2%) of 22 herds (9.2%). 6. Diseases of skin in 1968 cattle of 240 herds werds were observed in the highest incidence. Ringworm was observed in 13.3% of the examined herds, rearing Korean calves and Holstein showed high incidence. Scabies caused by Chorioptes bovis and alopecia localis along with infestation of lice (Damalinia bovis, Linognathus vituli) were observed in fattening Korean cattlein winter. 7. Diseases of respiratory system occurred frequently in rearing Korean cattle and Holstein. In the diseases of digestive system acute indigestion occurred in fattening Korean cittle, enteritis in rearing Korean calves and Holstein, and coccidiosis in rearing Korean calves maninly. 8. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis occurred in a fattening Korean cattle herd, sterility (2.0%) in breeding Korean cows, and theileriosis in Holstein calves were also occurred. In addition, poisoning and heat stroke were observed in several cattle.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.649-655
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• 1993

E. tenella의 오오시스트에 대한 Cobalt-60 감마선 조사선량과 접종용량을 결정하고 감마선으로 처리한 E tenella와 그 계대원충을 닭에 접종하여 병원성을 조사하고자 일련의 시험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 증체량, 혈변도 및 병변도 등을 비교할 때 Cobalt-60감마선 조사량은 100 Gy의 수준에서 그리고 계대원충 접종군에서는 10,000개의 오오시스트 수준에서 약간의 병원성이 나타났다. 혈변도, 병변도 및 분변내 오오시스트 배설수는 감마선 조사원충 접종군에서 가장 낮게 나타났고, 1대 및 3대 계대원충 접종군에서는 보통 수준으로 그리고 감마선 조사하지 않은 원충 접종군에서 가장 높았다. 감마선 조사원충 접종군의 증체량이 무감염 대조군을 제외한 다른 시험군보다 높게 나타났다. 1대 및 3대 계대원충 접종군의 증체량이 감마선 조사하지 않은 원충 접종군의 것보다 높게 나타났다. 감마선 조사원충 접종군의 사료요구율이 무감염 대조군을 제외한 다른 시험군보다 낮게 나타났다. 1대 및 3대 계대원충 접종군의 사료요구율이 감마선을 조사하지 않은 원충 접종군보다 낮게 나타났다. 감마선 조사원충 접종군의 항콕시듐지수(190.6)는 1대 및 3대 계대원충 접종군의 항콕시듐지수(142.8과 107.4)보다 높았고, 감마선 조사하지 않은 원충 접종군의 것(87.4)보다는 월등히 높게 나타났다. 그러므로 감마선 조사후 계대수가 증가할수록 병원성이 회복되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 계대수가 증가할수록 감마선 조사로 인하여 병원성이 약화된 원충의 수는 줄어들고 감마선의 영향을 받지 않은 병원성이 강한 원충의 수가 증가되는 것으로 사료된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1995

국내 마우스에서 분리된 작은와포자충(Cwptospoyidinpown)을 마우스에서 증식시킨 다음 오오시스트만을 순수 분리하여 BAIB/c 마우스에 면역시켰다. 면역된 마우스의 비장에서 림프구를 분리하여 PEG 1500을 융합촉진제로 사용하여 Sp2/0 myeloma cell과 세포융합을 실시하였으며, 융합된 세포중 작은와포자충에 특이항체를 생산하는 hybridomacell을 선발하였다 한계희석법으로 제작된 2주의 단세포군항체는 IgG2b class(lE7.2)와 IgM class(C6)에 속했으며. SDS-PAGE와 Westernblotting한 결과 (IE7.2)는 원충의 단백항원중 36 kDa과 반응하였고, C6는 67 kDa 및 70 kDa과 반응하였다 생산된 단세포군항체를 간접 형광항체법으로 작은와포자충과 반응시킨 결과 오오시스트 외막체 특이적으로 반응하였던 반면, Tomplasma gondii의 tachyzoite, Eimeria zuernii E. bouis, E. conodensis의 오오시스트와는 반응을 나타내지 않았다. 단세포군항체 C6을 이용한 간접 형광항체법은 분변의 이물들의 데조염색을 위해 Inns blue를 사용하였으며, 관찰소견으로는 $3-5{\mu\textrm{m}}$의 등근 오오시스트가 9.l은 형광을 띄고 있었고 그외의 주변이물들은 대조염색에 의하여 검붉게 염색되었다 또한 그의 진단율은 현재 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 수입진단킷트(Merifluor, Meridian diagnostic Ins.)와 거의 일치하고 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 이번에 생산된 단세포군항체 들은 작은와포자충에 특이적으로 반응하고 있었으며, 이를 이용한 형광항체 진단법은 작은와포자충을 진단하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2019

Calf diarrhea is a common disease in young claves and is still a major cause of productivity and economic loss in livestock farms. Fecal samples from Korean native cattle (n=100) with diarrhea from 64 farms in Gwangju area, Korea from september 2017 to December 2018 were examined for shedding of important protozoan parasitic, viral and bacterial pathogens using culture, rapid test kit and PCR methods. Of 57 (89.1%) of the 64 Korean native cattle farms examined had samples infected with at least one of the investigated pathogens. Among 100 fecal samples, 88 samples were positive for at least one the twelve pathogens and 51 samples were simultaneously positive for two or more pathogens by culture and PCR assay. Bovine group A rotavirus (BRV) was the most common pathogen, found in 43/100 (43.0%) samples on 32/64 (50.0%) farms. Subsequently, kobuvirus (30.0%), pathogenic E. coli (29.0%), bovine parvovirus (17.0%), Giardia spp. (13.0%), Eimeria spp. (10.0%), Clostridium perfringens type A (8.0%), bovine torovirus (8.0%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (6.0%), bovine coronavirus (5.0%), bovine norovirus (2.0%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2.0%) were detected. Nebovirus, kırklareli virus, bovine adenovirus, Salmonella spp. and intestinal parasites were not detected. Of the 72 calves sampled in this age group, 64 (88.9%) samples were positive for at least one enteropathogen. BRV was identified in 34/72 (47.2%) samples from 27/48 (56.3%) farms. Subsequently, pathogenic E. coli (30.6%), kobuvirus (29.2%), BPaV (22.2%), Giardia spp. (15.3%), Eimeria spp. (9.7%), BVDV (6.9%), Cl. perfringens type A (6.9%), BCoV (4.6%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2.8%) were detected in fecal samples. A total of ninety-six strains of E. coli were isolated from one hundred fecal samples collected from Korean native cattle with diarrhea. The presence of stx1, stx2, eaeA, LT, STa, STb, ehxA, saa, F4, F5(K99), F6, F17, F18 and F41 genes in the isolates was investigated by PCR. Out of ninety-six E. coli isolates screened for specific genes, 30 strains E. coli were identified to harbor shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) 7 (7.3%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 8 (8.3%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 6 (6.3%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 2 (2.1%) and STEC/ETEC hybrid 7 (7.3%). This study provides epidemiological estimates of the prevalence of Korean native cattle's enteropathogens in Gwangju area, Korea, which would be used for cattle farmers and veterinarians to select appropriate therapeutic method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.601-604
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• 1992

A total of 480 live buffaloes and 180 visceral samples from Dhaka, Mymensingh, Bogura and Rajshahi were examined for the presence of parasites of water buffaloes in Bangladesh during September, 1988 to August, 1989. The recorded parasites were eight trematodes, two cestodes, fourteen nematodes, two protozoa and two arthropods. The trematodes were Fasciola gigantica (18.9%-46.4%). Paramphistomes (Gigantocotyl explanatum, Ceylonocotyl scoliocoelium, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Gastrothylax crumenifer (29.5%-48.3%). Schistosoma indicum (1.6%-31.6%), S. spindale (13.9%-27.7%) and S. nasalis (4.6%-8.3%). The cestodes were Hydatid cyst (24.4%), Cysticercus tenuicollis (11.1%). The nematodes were Strongyloides papillosus (14.8%-21.6%), Capillaria spp. (C. bilobata, C. bovis) (8.5%-20.0%), Setaria digitata (7.2%), Onchocerca armillata (27.2%), Thelazia rhodesii (2.3%), Gongylonema pulchrum (3.9%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (6.6%-41.6%), Hookworms (Agriostomum vryburgi, Bunostomum phlebotomum) (8.1%-17.2%), Trichostrongylus axei (11.2%-21.6%), Mecistocirrus digitatus & Haemonchus contortus (15.2%-25.5%) and Toxocara vitulorum (1.1%-9.8%). The protozoa were Eimeria zuerni (2.3%) and Trypanosoma theileri (0.4%). The arthropods were Haemaphysalis bispinosa (8.1%) and Haematopinus tuberculatus (34.6%).

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2008

While studies have been carried out on endoparasite infection from feces of Korean indigenous goats in multiple areas around the nation, there is no report in northern areas of Gyeongbuk province. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the rate of parasite infection from the fecal samples of goats raised on grass. From March to July in 2008, 108 fecal samples were taken from goats. Eggs of parasites were identified using flotation or sedimentation methods followed by microscopic examination. Overall infection rate of parasites from feces of goats were 99% (107 out of 108). The infection rates of nematode, cestode, trematode and protozoa were 37%, 23%, 0% and 99%, respectively. Among parasite eggs detected, nematodes included threadworms (20%), strongyles (16%) and whipworms (1%). The only cestode and protozoa detected were Moniezia expansa and Eimeria spp, respectively. In the rates of mixed infection, single was 61%, double 32%, and triple 6%.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.190-197
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• 1994

In order to monitor the parasites, 303 fecal samples were taken from Korean native goats (n=279) and sheep(n=24) in Chonbuk area. The identification of the parasites were determimed by the fecal examination using the floatation or sedimentation methods and microscopical examination, respectively. The obtained results were summarized as follows ; 1. The detection rate of the parasites from Korean native goats and sheep was 98.2% and 83.3%, respectively. 2. In Korean native goat, mixed infection rate was single 7.5%(21 heads), double 47.3%(132 heads), triple 40.8%(114 heads), quadraple 5.0%(14 heads) and quintuple 2.5%(7 heads). 3. In sheep, mixed infection rate was single 12.5%(3 heads), double 45.8%(13 heads) and triple 16.6%(4 heads). 4. The parasites isolated were identified as Eimeria spp. from 283 heads, Oesophagostomum spp. from 96 heads, Ostertagia spp. from 97 heads, Strongylodes papillus from 97 heads, Heamonchs spp. from 73 heads, Trichostrongylus spp. from 42 heads, Moniezia expenza from 26 heads, Cooperia spp. from 16 heads, Nematodirus spp. from 9 heads, Bonostomum spp. from 9 heads, Paraphistomum spp. from 7 heads, and Fasciola hepatica and Capillaria spp. In 2 heads, in order.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1044-1051
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• 2016

The present study compared the differential functions of two groups of adjuvants, Montanide incomplete Seppic adjuvant (ISA) series and Quil A, cholesterol, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and Carbopol (QCDC) formulations, in chicken by analyzing published microarray data associated with each type of vaccine adjuvants. In the biological function analysis for differentially expressed genes altered by two different adjuvant groups, ISA series and QCDC formulations showed differential effects when chickens were immunized with a recombinant immunogenic protein of Eimeria. Among the biological functions, six categories were modified in both adjuvant types. However, with respect to "Response to stimulus", no biological process was modified by the two adjuvant groups at the same time. The QCDC adjuvants showed effects on the biological processes (BPs) including the innate immune response and the immune response to the external stimulus such as toxin and bacterium, while the ISA adjuvants modified the BPs to regulate cell movement and the response to stress. In pathway analysis, ISA adjuvants altered the genes involved in the functions related with cell junctions and the elimination of exogenous and endogenous macromolecules. The analysis in the present study could contribute to the development of precise adjuvants based on molecular signatures related with their immunological functions.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=290), parent stock (n=168) and laying hen (n=114) in Jeonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation method and microscopical examination, respectively. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 3 flocks (total=572) was 44.9%. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 65.5% as broiler (floor breeding, 290 chickens), 20.2% as parent stock (floor breeding, 168 chickens) and 28.9% as laying hen (cage breeding, 114 chickens), in order. In the concern of mixed infection such as single and double, the rate were 40.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Six kinds of infective eggs were isolated 257 fecal sample from 3 flock. They were classified 74.7% as Eimeria spp, 18.1% as Ascaridia galli and 6.0% as Capillaria spp and 0.4% as Heteratkis gallinarum, Railleina spp or Trichostrongylus spp, single or in combination.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.349-358
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• 1997

From December 1995 to July 1997, a total of 546 Korean indigenous goats were examined for the presence of internal parasites by parenchymal organs and fecal examinations. Four hundreds seventy eight(87.5%) of the goats were infected with 4 classes and 12 parasitic species. The nematodes were Haemonchus contortus(57.5%), Oesophagostomun venulosum (52.6%), Strongyloides papillosus(48.4%), Ostertagia sp(28.4%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis(17.0%), and Trichuris ovis(13.2%). The trematodes were Paramphistomum sp(17.6%), Fasciola hepatica(15.4%), and Eurytrema Pancreaticum (8.8%). The cestode was Moniezia expansa(16.7%), and the protozoa were Eimeria sp(74.9%) and Toxoplasma gondii(8.6%). The incidence of single or mixed infections among 12 parasitic species were one species infection (6.2%), 2 species(11.5%), 3 species(19.6%), 4 species(24.9%), 5 species(17.8%), 6 species(5.9 %), and 7 species(1.6), respectively. The level of infection according to the age was considerably higher under one year(97.2%) than between one and two years(89.7%), and over two years(69.3%) Among 12 parasites, seasonal pattern was remarkably observed. Most paracites were detected at the highest level in the Winter, whereas Strongyloides papillosus and Paramphistomum sp were in the Spring, and Ostertagia sp and Fasciola hepatica were in the Autumn. Infection rates of Anaplasma sp were 8.6% of 210 goats by blood smear method, and 51.0% by complement fixation test.