• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Ecotoxicity assessments of 90 selected effluents of 22 industry types from 2002 to 2004 in Korea were evaluated by a toxic battery of bioassay test using fish Oryzias latipes, invertebrate Daphnia magna, algae Selenastrum capricornutum and bacteria Vibrio fischeri with the physicochemical measurement items and permit concentrations on the present Water Quality Conservation Act in Korea. Total toxic unit (${\Sigma}TU$) of 8 industry types of 22 industry types by the toxic battery appeared in order of the value site as follows; Pigment Dye Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 217.1) > Textile and Dye (${\Sigma}TU$ 39.3) > Semiconductor Electronic Manufacturing (Small) (${\Sigma}TU$ 25.6) > Wastewater and Sewage Treatment Plants (${\Sigma}TU$ 25.4) > Coating (${\Sigma}TU$ 23.8) > Leather Skin Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 18.0) > Synthetic Resin Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 15.6) > Assemble Metal Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 10.7). Our results demonstrate that ecotoxicity assessment, by bioassay test, is effective and practical for industrial wastewater management for 90 selected effluents with the limitation of the physicochemical permit. Among 90 effluents, 9 samples failed physicochemical permit limitation and 81 passed it. In result of ecotoxicity assessment of 90 effluents by the toxic battery, 76 effluents exhibited ecotoxicity and the others did not. The physicochemical measurement items and permit concentrations on the present Water Quality Conservation Act in Korea were low related to the ecotoxicity value by the toxic battery and appeared limited for water quality management to water-ecosystem and environment-friendly management of water.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2009

원전에서는 많은 종류의 방사성물질이 생성되어 일부는 환경으로 방사성유출물로서 배출되고 있다. 이러한 방사성유출물 중에서 탄소 동위원소인 Carbon-14는 자연에서 이미 높은 준위의 백그라운드를 형성하고 있기 때문에, 원전에서 Carbon-14가 배출되더라도 환경이나 일반인의 피폭방사선량에 미치는 영향이 미미하여 과거에는 배출감시와 환경감시를 수행하지 않았다. 그런데, 핵연료 제조기술 발달과 운전방법 개선으로 핵연료로부터 불활성기체와 입자방사성물질의 방출이 계속 감소하고 있다. 또한 방사선계측기술의 향상에 따라 삼중수소와 Carbon-14 같은 저준위 베타방사능 핵종의 검출준위가 낮아져, 이들 핵종이 일반인 선량평가에서 미치는 비율이 상대적으로 높아지고 있다. 본 논문은 원자력시설에서 발생하는 Carbon-14에 대해 미국의 기술보고서와 논문 등을 검토하여 배출관리와 환경 영향평가에 대한 방사선감시의 기술적 배경을 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 Carbon-14 방사성핵종의 배출감시 방안에 대한 타당성을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

Recently, interest in alternative energy has been increasing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption in accordance with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). Accordingly, there is a need to use waste heat that unused throughout industrial systems for lowering the concentration of energy on fossil fuels. In particular, government support projects for the energy recycling of agriculture and fisheries such as cultivation of tropical crops and aquaculture are being actively carried out by utilizing waste heat and thermal effluents caused from large-scale industrial complexes including power plants. The study was conducted on supplier (power plant), consumer (farmer) and stakeholders (constructor and local governments) of domestic demonstration areas using waste heat that is abandoned from the power plant in the form of thermal effluents. It investigated the overall improvement and feasibility of government funded projects through field interviews and questionnaire-type surveys. The results of this study are expected to provide basic directions for the operation of the project in terms of nationwide expansion and diffusion of the heat source supply project at horticultural greenhouse by utilizing the thermal effluents from power plant.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2011

In this study, from 2004 to 2008 influents and discharging effluents from 241 municipal public sewage treatment plants were surveyed. Statistics including average, Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Coefficient of Reliability (COR) for each season, time series analysis for removal efficiency and water quality of effluents, and a comparison of the effluent standards in Korea and other countries were presented. The average concentrations of TN and TP in influents. during winter season were 32.6 and 3.78 mg/L and during other season were 30.8 and 3.61 mg/L in 2008, respectively. The average TN concentration on the basis of the maximum monthly concentrations in the effluents during winter season ranged from 14.2~17.4 mg/L and during other season ranged from 12.2~14.8 mg/L. The TP concentration in the effluents depending on the each season was no big difference. TN removal efficiency decreased from Jan. to Feb. and TP removal efficiency decreased in Jan., Jun and July. Maximum COR during winter season were 0.61 but the COR for TN and TP during other season ranged from 0.96~1.48 and 1.09~1.81, respectively, due to big difference in the standard for TN and TP in effluents depending on the season. TN and TP standards for effluent of sewage treatment during winter season in Korea was much higher than those in other countries. Therefore the lower effluent standards during winter season is essential for the water quality improvement.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2003

To prevent the potential health detriment to the public from radioactive effluents, radiological dose assessments due to the operation of nuclear facilities located at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) site has been performed semiannually in compliance with the Minister of Science and Technology (MOST)'s Notice in Korea. Radiological dose assessment based on the new recommendation of the International Committee on Radiation Protection (ICRP-60) has been conducted since 1998. In this manuscript, a serial activities at KAERI site to meet the regulatory standards for routine releases of radioactive effluents are introduced and discussed including technical approaches. It is clear that each nuclear facility has been operated in compliance with regulatory standards. Furthermore, it is identified that the radiation induced health effects for residents around the site are neglectable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1993

Spirulina platensis NIES 39 was grown in effluents from a wastewater treatment plant utilizing activated sludge process at a pig farm to reduce pollutants and to produce feed resources. The addition of 2 g/l NaCl was required for the growth of S. platensis in the effluents with about 100 mg/l ammonia nitrogen concentration. The growth was stimulated by the addition of 2 g/l sodium bicarbonate and 4 mg/l ferrous sulfate. The microorganism grew well at pH 8~11, and the optimum pH for the growth was 10. The algal concentration of 1.1 g/l was attained after 8 days of growth at the optimum condition with the removal of 95% ammonia nitrogen and 34% phosphorus.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2011

Daphnia Magna Stratus has been widely accepted as useful species for estimating the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic invertebrate and recommended as species for the testing chemicals from the international guideline as well as Korean guideline. The study was performed for the acute toxicity test by using water flea(D. Magna) for effluents from several wastewater treatment plants and drainage canals in GyeongBuk area. Five heavy metals, 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were tested. Most Toxicity Units(TU) of Industrial wastewater effluents were less than 1 which means effluent was not toxic to D. Magna. However, effluents containing 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were significantly toxic to D. Magna. Therefore, facilities should reduce the 1,4-dioxane since new regulations will force them after the year of 2011.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2015

In India, recycling of treated effluent plays a major role in the industry. Particularly in copper industry, recycling techniques for treated effluents adopt conventional technologies which are not energy efficient and recovery of high quality process water, free flowing salts and sludge's is very low. This paper presents an overview of enhanced modern technology for treated effluents in copper industry making it more efficient with high recovery of high quality process water and free flowing salts. Life cycle cost (LCC) would be 15-20% lower than the conventional technologies. The conventional technology can be replaced with this proposed technique in the existing and upcoming copper industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.760-765
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• 2002

Mucor miehei KCTC 6011, which grew successfully in ginseng-steaming effluents and produced a large amount of chitosan efficiently, was selected from various fungi. Approximately 120 mg of chitosan per g-dry mycelium was maximally produced in 84 h at $25^{\circ}C$ when grown in the ginseng-steaming effluent (pH 8.0) supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract and 0.002% CuSO$_4$. Chitosan produced by Mucor miehei KCTC 6011 was identified by the IR-spectra to have deacety lated approximately 56%. Viscosity and molecular weight of the chitosan were 80 cps and $1.07\times10^3$ kDa, respectively. The chitosan at 1.5 mg/ml inhibited 73.9% of the mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia solani in 60 h.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2004년도 학술대회
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• pp.127-131
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• 2004

The toxicity of 54 selected process effluents of 16 industry classifications in Korea was evaluated by bioassay test using fish Oryzias latipes, invertebrate Daphnia magna, algae Selenastrum capricornutum and bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Our results demonstrate that the toxicity assessment, such as bioassay test, is effective and of practical use for industrial wastewater management in 54 selected effluents with the limitation of the physico-chemical permit. Among 54 effluents, 4 sample failed physico-chemical permit limitation and 50 passed it. The physcio-chemical measurement items and permit concentrations on the present Water Quality Conservation Act are low related a ecotoxicity.