• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 1998

Purpose In this study, We observed the recovery process in the ability to move in the hind limbs of the rats whose spinal cord injuries were treated by Radix acouniti(RA). The purpose of this study is to see the effects of Radix acouniti(RA) water extract on the contraction of rat's spinal cord injury. Procedure First, the rats were subjected to hemisectional spinal cord injuries by a scalpel blade. Those rats, then, were divided into three groups: Sham operated rats group and the experimental group, which received the Radix acouniti(RA) water extract, and the control group, which had no treatment. Their recovery in the ability to walk was observed by the Open Field Test (OFT) for 14 days after the injuries. Method The OFT was applied at four points: the hip, knee, ankle joint, and the tail. Each joint was given a movement rating of from 0 to 3, depending on the amount of movement. A movement rating of 0 designates no movement, a 1 designates slight movement, a 2 designates increased movement, and a 3 designates active movement. Slight movement is defined as a joint displaying less than or equal to 30% of that joint range, increased movement is displaying less than or equal to 60% of that joint's range, and active movement is greater than or equal to 90% of that joint's range. Tail movement is also graded on a scale of 0 to 3. A rating of 0 indicates that the tail is down 100% of the time, one of 1 indicates that the tail is down more than 10%, one of 2 shows that the tail is down less than 50% but more than 10% of the time, and one of 3 shows that the tail is down less than 10% of the time. All four ratings were added together and then averaged to arrive at a single score. Results The sham group which did not go through spinal cord injuries showed near normal results on all 3 joints and tail from right after the operation, which one would expect. The RA oral application group showed more effective recovery of movememt function than the control group around 4 days after the spinal cord injuries. However, after 14 days, both groups displayed almost the same degree of movement recovery. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. After 14days the spinal cord injuries, movement was recovered in sham operated group, control group, and experimented group in the hip, the knee, the tail and then the ankle of rats, in that order. 2. Around 7 days after the spinal cord injuries, the experimental group proved the effectiveness of the therapy in terms of movement recovery. 3. The level of ALT, ALP, AST in RA treated group was slightly increased. 4. The level of BUN and creatinine in RA treated group was slightly increased. The above results indicate that RA therapy at an early stage can bring about better movement recovery in patients with spinal cord injuries from traffic accidents or industrial disasters. But there is apparent side effect of RA on clinical, therefore the study on this should be continued.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.445-462
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide some basic data for the direction of nursing education and practice to prevent nursing malpractice as investgating perception of the nurse on the nursing malpractice and its case. Data were collected from 450 nurse working in four general hospitals which were located in Chonbuk province from November 9 to 21, 1998 through questionnare. The structured instruments developed by the reseacher were used for collecting data. The Results were as follows: 1) As for the cognition of the nursing malpractice case, the transfusion accident was 37.3%, the side-effects of KCL injection(19.3%), hymen rupture by uterus cancer test, the side-effects of aminophyllin injections on dyspnea patient and the others were 10% below. 2) With regard to the channel of the perception of the nursing malpractice case, mass-communication was taken first and followed through by neighbors, In-service education, school education, continuing education 3) As for the direct${\cdot}$indirect experience of the nursing malpractice case, transfusion accident was 51.3%, the fall of NPO patient after an operation 40.1%, the side-effect of KCL injection 32.5%, suicide of the psychiatric patient 32.5%, and the others were 30% below. 4) The possibility of nursing malpractice case was an average 2.57(${\pm}$0.91) and the highest was the fall of the NPO patient after an operation. 5) The perception on the responsibility of the nursing malpractice in its case was indicated as a joint-fault in ten nursing malpractice instances. As compared to the real decision, nurse's perception of the responsibility in the fall of the NPO patient after an operation, the side-effect of KCL injection, the tracheal edema of the patient who had a thyroid operation, the suicide of psychiatric patient, the hymen rupture by uterus cancer test accorded real decisions. But the other cases were different from the real decisions. These cases were perceived as ones of joint fault even in cases determined as Dr's single fault cases or those in which both doctor and nurse were declared free of fault. 6) Knowledge levels of the nursing malpractice, school education and In-service education were perceived as low but anxiety levels of the malpractice were high. 7) With regard to the countmeasure of the hospital after nursing malpractice, the rate answered as "the practice settled the accident temporarily and forced the person in charge to be punished" was highest. In conclusion, the level of the cognition of the clinical nurse on nursing malpractice cases was low. As nurses' perception on the responsibility of the nursing malpractice case was compared to the real decision, there was a difference in five cases out of the ten cases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1194-1199
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• 2007

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by fibrillation and erosion in cartilage tissue, chondrocyte proliferation and osteophyte formation at the joint margins, and sclerotis of subchondral bone. We investigated the effects of Acyranthes Radix administration and Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) induced experimental osteoarthritis model. Sprague-Dawley 60 rats of 7-8 weeks, weight $240{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into two groups including the sham operation group(15 rats) and ostoarthritis group(45 rats). Histopathological examination, Mankin's score, and the measurement of inflammation factor were performed. Histological findings that are similar to those observed in human osteoarthritis, such as disorganization of chondrocytes, erosion and fibrillation of cartilage surface, and subchondral bone exposure were observed in a MIA-induced osteoarthritis model. Saflanin-O fast green staining revealed that marked diffuse reduction of proteoglycans treated with MIA. The Mankin's score were closely correlated to the grade of histological findings. The level of prostaglandin E2 and C-reactive protein were decreased experimental groups. We conclude that Acyranthes Radix administration and Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture, and combination treatment exerts a beneficial influence on the cartilage lesion in osteoarthritis rat.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in reality shock among new nurses and their influencing factors to identify turnover reduction methods. Methods: A total of 146 new nurses from 6 general hospitals participated in the survey. The survey data were collected from August 5 to November 10, 2015. Results: The mean scores for factors related to turn over were 2.75 for nurse practice environment, 2.84 (4point scale) for reality shock, and 3.08 (5point scale) for turnover intention. A significant difference in the impact of reality shock was observed depending on whether the nurses selected their work unit (F=6.24, p=.003) and whether they could take the possibility of holiday on the desired day at will (t=-2.57, p=.013). Changes in reality shock correlated with turnover intention, with the 'increased reality shock' group demonstrating an odds ratio of 2.37 (CI: 1.41~3.98) for turnover intention. Conclusion: The current findings indicate the need for lowering reality shock and turnover intention by considering nurses' work-related characteristics and improving their practice environments. To further study the changes in reality shock new nurses experienced, additional research is warranted while homogenizing the participants in terms of preceptorship duration and timing of independence.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.172-188
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to test the effectiveness of the nursing intervention, mutual goal setting, for patients who have had a mastectomy. Special reference was given to King's goal attainment theory and a theoretical framework for establishing an effective nursing strategy to enhance patient recovery is suggested. Method: This research employed a quasi-experimental design which consisted of pretest-posttest non-equivalent control and experimental groups. Data were collected from 37 patients who had a mastectomy and were hospitalized in the Department of Surgery of Y Medical Center from January 2001 to May 2001. The experimental group received the nursing intervention, mutual goal setting four times from the day before the operation to the fifth day after the operation while the control group received only routine nursing care. As postoperative recovery indicators, ROM of arm joints, arm circumference, pain, physical symptoms, oxygen saturation stress, anxiety and body image were measured. Result: The test results are as follows : 1) there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in extension and internal rotation of the shoulder Joint and flexion of the wrist joint. 2) there was no significant difference between the two groups in arm circumference. 3) there were no significant differences between the two groups in pain, physical symptoms, or oxygen saturation. 4) there were no significant differences between the two groups in stress, anxiety, or body Image. On the basis of research results, the following are recommended : 1) The effectiveness of nursing intervention in the acute recovery period as well as long term effects need to be investigated. 2) There is a need to develop an instrument to measure perception which facilitates goal attainment in the interactive setting between patients and nurses.

• 한국과 국제사회
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.155-182
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• 2019

이 글은 아프리카 지역의 정부조직인 차드 분지 호수위원회(LCBC) 회원국이 테러조직인 보코하람의 테러 행위에 맞서기 위해 형성한 다국적군의 활동이 참여국 정치지도자들의 권력 유지에 어떤 영향을 행사하는지 조사했다. 2010년에서 2018년 기간 나이지리아, 카메룬, 니제르, 차드의 정치지도자들과 관련된 데이터를 조사한 결과 이 지역에서 독재국가의 지도자들보다 민주주의 국가의 정치지도자들이 반테러주의 활동의 실패에 대해 더 많은 정치적 비판에 직면한 결과 권력 유지에 실패했음을 파악했다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.383_384
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• 2009

After the 1970s, the importance of underground transmission systems increased and the construction rate of underground transmission lines also showed increasing trends each year, especially in metropolitan areas. Accordingly the social ripple effects are very large and wide when the fault occurs in underground power system, and the amount of time and money spent to restore the system also increases. So we must ensure stable operation and long-term reliability of the facilities. In Korea's case, long-term reliability tests for EHV power cables and accessories progressed poorly because equipment was not compatible for long-term reliability tests. Therefore we planned to construct a long-term reliability test field for EHV underground cables in order to ensure international quality reliability and optimal power cable operation techniques. The Gochang Underground Cable Test Field is under construction, funded by the Korean government, the govenment's union investment department, KEPCO, KERI and three private cable corporations. This project began in March, 2005 and will be completed by February, 2010. It is designed to promote joint research by incorporating several types of test equipment, construction of operating facilities, and being an internationally certified authority.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.847-853
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• 2010

This paper describes switching surge analysis for reclosing decision in 345kV combined transmission line with XLPE power cable. Reclosing operation should be decided based on the detailed technical analysis in combined transmission line because this line includes power cable section which is week on insulation. Insulation of power cable can be breakdown at the week point in case of reclosing moment. Therefore the detailed analysis has to be carried out by considering several conditions such as length ratio of power cable section, arrestor, inserting resistance, charging rate, grounding resistance, etc.. On the other hand sheath voltage on IJ(Insulated Joint) is analyzed to check dangerous condition on cable cover. Analysis is performed by EMTP/ATP. Analysis results show that reclosing can be operated as the single line-to-ground fault occurs on overhead line in 345kV combined transmission line, if the inserting resistance is considered before the operation of main circuit breaker.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.303-316
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• 1993

The auricular cartilage grafts have been widely used in replacement of the temporomandibular joint disk. Cartilage grafts itself have a low metabolism and high survival rate after grafting. In processing the grafting materials, it was important to preserve the properties of chondrocyte proper. We used 15% glycerol and 10% DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) solutions for cartilage fixation before deep freezing. We have performed the allogenic auricular cartilage graft in the temporomandibular joint of 20 rabbits which 10 specimen was treated with 15% glycerol and the other 10 specimen was treated with 10% DMSO respectively and examined in 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after operation histopathologically. The result were : 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration around the grafted material appeared more glycerol groups than DMSO groups at 1 week, but each group has no differences after 2 weeks. 2. Degenerative changes of grafted auricular chondrocytes were more deveolped in glycerol group than DMSO groups till 4 weeks, but there were no differences between two groups after 6 weeks. 3. Fibrous union between grafted fragment and mandibular condyle was prominent in DMSO group. 4. Vascular proliferation of the grafted auricualr cartilage was more developed in DMSO groups than glycerol group in early stage. 5. Amount of the additional growth of grafted auricular cartilage was more existed in DMSO groups than glycerol group. 6. General survival rate after grafting was more prominent in DMSO group. In summary, allogenic auricular cartilage grafts treated with 15% glycerol and 10% DMSO solution have supported to survivalbility as a cryopreservative agents, especially DMSO groups have little inflammatory cell infiltration in early stages and degenerative changes and additional growth are more prominent than glycerol groups.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2010

이 논문은 회전교차로 우회전 별도차로를 다루고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 회전교차로 기하구조의 설계요소 중 우회전 별도차로의 설치에 따른 효과를 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 VISSIM을 이용하여 우회전 별도차로의 설치 전 후를 비교 분석하였다. 또한 우회전 별도차로 설치 방식인 양보에 의한 통제 형태와 합류에 의한 통제 형태의 운영효과를 비교 분석하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우회전 별도차로 설치 후에는 우회전 교통량비의 증가에 따라 지체가 점차적으로 감소하여 최대 평균 약 28% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 양보에 의한 통제 형태와 합류에 의한 통제 형태 모두 우회전 교통량이 증가할수록 지체가 감소하였다. 또한 합류에 의한 통제 형태가 양보에 의한 통제 형태보다 최대 평균 약 18% 지체감소 효율이 있는 것으로 나타났다.