The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
/
v.18
no.2
/
pp.119-125
/
2006
Purpose: To measure the dose for dose optimization at the reference point (A, B) and the critical organ with multi Purpose brachytherapy phantom (MPBP). For this wort the MPBP was custom made, and designed to reconstruct the treatment applicator using multi function applicator (MFA) in the same way as the treatment of patient. Materials and Methods: Dose measurements were made at the reference points (A, B) and the bladder with thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) for four patients with tandem and ovoid of uterine cervix cancer using the phantom. In Phantom, Total 20 times of the measurements were made with 5 times a patient. Results: The results of TLD measurements in MPBP phantom showed the relative error ranging from -3.2% to 3.8% at A point, and -1.4% to 4% at B point and 1.3% to 7.15% at the bladder of reference point. Conclusion: The reproducibility of dose measurement under the same condition as the treatment could be achieved using the custom-made MFA in phantom and the dose at the reference point (A, B) and bladder could be analyzed accurately. The measured dose acquired in MPBP can apply for the dose optimization.
The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
/
v.18
no.2
/
pp.89-96
/
2006
Purpose: To study effectiveness of heterogeneity correction of internal-body inhomogeneities and patient positioning immobilizers in dose calculation, using images obtained from CT-Simulator. Materials and Methods: A water phantom($250{\times}250{\times}250mm^3$) was fabricated and, to simulate various inhomogeneity, 1) bone 2) metal 3) contrast media 4) immobilization devices(Head holder/pillow/Vac-lok) were inserted in it. And then, CT scans were peformed. The CT-images were input to Radiation Treatment Planning System(RTPS) and the MUs, to give 100 cGy at 10 cm depth with isocentric standard setup(Field Size=$10{\times}10cm^2$, SAD=100 cm), were calculated for various energies(4, 6, 10 MV X-ray). The calculated MUs based on various CT-images of inhomogeneities were compared and analyzed. Results: Heterogeneity correction factors were compared for different materials. The correction factors were $2.7{\sim}5.3%$ for bone, $2.7{\sim}3.8%$ for metal materials, $0.9{\sim}2.3%$ for contrast media, $0.9{\sim}2.3%$ for Head-holder, $3.5{\sim}6.9%$ for Head holder+pillow, and $0.9{\sim}1.5%$ for Vac-lok. Conclusion: It is revealed that the heterogeneity correction factor calculated from internal-body inhomogeneities have various values and have no consistency. and with increasing number of beam ports, the differences can be reduced to under 1%, so, it can be disregarded. On the other hand, heterogeneity correction from immobilizers must be regarded enough to minimize inaccuracy of dose calculation.
The purpose of this study is to examine trends and achievements of domestic gamification studies and to suggest further research directions. For this purpose, I collect references in domestic gamification and then analyze them through a systematic literature review. Through search DB, 131 references were collected, the references were analyzed by year, purpose, research type, research methods, and research results. The results showed that the amount of gamification research has increased steadily, and academic discussion in the non-game context has increased sharply since 2015. The results of analysis by research purpose showed that the most research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy, program, and design of gamification. The results of research type showed solution, evaluation, position paper, and validation study in that order. In terms of research methods, literature research was the most common, followed by quantitative, qualitative and mixed research. In the analysis of 45 papers that reported the research results, it was found that there were 21 articles about psychological effects, 17 articles about behavioral effects, and 7 articles about psychological and behavioral effects. Further research directions are suggested based on the review results.
Among numerous policy influencers' and researchers' advices and policy suggestions, there is little opposition to the proposition that technology is essential to the economic development. The role of technology has never been more emphasized than today in Korea as in any other countries. The effects of the government's innovation policy on corporate R&D activities and more broadly the economic welfare of a whole nation are widely recognized with intuitional and empirical evidence. That is, various R&D incentives reduce the marginal cost of a firm's R&D efforts, inducing as much increase of its R&D investment to result in a better chance to acquire target technology. This paper examines the impact of R&D incentives on the technological outcomes by analyzing individual firms' investment behaviors subject to the government's R&D incentive policies. An econometric model of technological outcomes is estimated on a project level with cross-sectional data. "Probit model" is employed for estimations. Special attention was given to the effectiveness of R&D programs by estimating policy impact by types of investment. The data were collected from 928 different R&D projects completed between 1987 and 1993. With the single equation approach, we were able to find that the structure of investment is a far more significant factor in technological outcomes than the total amount of investment. The analysis also shows that the two types of firms' matching investment, in-kind and cash, do not bear a complementary, but a substitutive relations to each other. It also reconfirms the proposition that R&D incentives increase firm's financial investment. Despite many supportive studies emphasizing the cooperation between innovation performers, it is also found that the larger the number of institutions involved in a project, the less likely it leads to a technological success, And meeting the proposed deadlines without postponing is estimated to be a good barometer to predict the outcome of an R&D project. Also the probabilities of success for major variables are represented for policy implications, after calculating marginal effects.
An investigation was undertaken of the optimal discriminant model for predicting the likelihood of insolvency in advance for medium-sized firms based on the technology evaluation. The explanatory variables included in the discriminant model were selected by both factor analysis and discriminant analysis using stepwise selection method. Five explanatory variables were selected in factor analysis in terms of explanatory ratio and communality. Six explanatory variables were selected in stepwise discriminant analysis. The effectiveness of linear discriminant model and logistic discriminant model were assessed by the criteria of the critical probability and correct classification rate. Result showed that both model had similar correct classification rate and the linear discriminant model was preferred to the logistic discriminant model in terms of criteria of the critical probability In case of the linear discriminant model with critical probability of 0.5, the total-group correct classification rate was 70.4% and correct classification rates of insolvent and solvent groups were 73.4% and 69.5% respectively. Correct classification rate is an estimate of the probability that the estimated discriminant function will correctly classify the present sample. However, the actual correct classification rate is an estimate of the probability that the estimated discriminant function will correctly classify a future observation. Unfortunately, the correct classification rate underestimates the actual correct classification rate because the data set used to estimate the discriminant function is also used to evaluate them. The cross-validation method were used to estimate the bias of the correct classification rate. According to the results the estimated bias were 2.9% and the predicted actual correct classification rate was 67.5%. And a threshold value is set to establish an in-doubt category. Results of linear discriminant model can be applied for the technology financing banks to evaluate the possibility of insolvency and give the ranking of the firms applied.
This article introduces a recent innovation in Korea's human resources development policy in the SW sector. Facing serious problems in cultivating SW engineers such as a mismatch in supply and demand of SW workers, shortage of globally competitive SW professionals, and insufficient education and training of university graduates, the Korean government has decided to adopt a new paradigm in national SW engineering education, based on supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing. SCM has been a major component of the corporate competitive strategy, enhancing organizational productiveness and responsiveness in a highly competitive environment. It weighs improving competitiveness of the supply chain as a whole via long-term commitment to supply chain relationships and a cooperative, integrated approach to business processes. These characteristics of SCM are believed to provide insight into a more effective IT education and university-industry collaboration. On the basis of the SCM literature, a framework for industry-oriented SW human resources development is designed, and then applied in the case of nurturing computer-software engineers in Korea. This approach is expected to fumish valuable implications not only to Korean policy makers, but also to other countries making similar efforts to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility in human resources development. The construction of SCM-based SW HRD model is first trial to apply SCM into SW HRD field. The model is divided into three kinds of primary activities and two kinds of supportive activities in the field of value chain such as SW HRD Council, SW demand and supply plan establishment and the integration of SW engineering capabilities that contribute the reduction of the skill and job matching through SW HR demand and supply collaboration.
The paper analyzes the effects of Korean venture businesses' external collaborations on their innovation performances, according to their collaboration partners and collaboration activities. The results show that the collaborations between Korean venture businesses and research institutions, and those between venture businesses and other venture businesses have significant positive effects on venture businesses' innovation performances, in terms of the numbers of the intellectual property rights, while the collaborations between venture businesses and large companies have significant positive effects on medium-sized venture businesses only. In addition, collaborative research and development, and technology transfer from big companies to venture businesses have given significant positive effects on venture businesses' innovation performances, while collaborative employee training and collaborative marketing have given significant negative effects on venture businesses' innovation performances. Furthermore, collaborations between large companies and their subcontracting venture businesses have shown even more significant effects on venture businesses' performances. The results show that the effectiveness of external collaborations of Korean venture businesses depends on collaboration partners, types of collaboration activities, and the size of collaborating venture businesses, implying that government programs for encouraging venture businesses to collaborate with external institutions should be carefully chosen for their innovation performance improvement.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of public R&D subsidies on private R&D. We have analyzed rationales for the public R&D subsidy from different perspectives. On the basis of literature review, a two step research model is constructed: participation phase (when firms benefit from public subsidies) and decision phase (when firms make decision on additional R&D investments). Using propensity score matching(PSM) method, we compare the potential outcome of the treated group to a matched controlled group of non-subsidized firms. The data used in this paper was collected from various sources. The Korean Innovation Survey 2008(manufacturing sector) is a main source of data. Financial data such as revenue, asset and capital stock, and number of employees were supplemented from the Nice Information Service KIS Value database. The R&D survey, conducted by MEST(Ministry of Education, Science and Technology) each year, was also used for the R&D expenditures of the manufacturing firms. This study comes up with the following empirical results. First, a firm's innovation capability, financial constraints, and sector appear to influence the selection of firms who were benefited from government's financial supports for R&D. Second, empirical results show that public R&D funding complements private investment on average and appear to have perpetual effects on the following year. Finally, sectoral difference in the effect of public subsidies on firms' R&D investment was confirmed. In addition, SMEs show more positive effects than large firms.
The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
/
v.2
no.2
/
pp.74-78
/
2009
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonography-guided multiple needling for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Materials and Methods: We included 18 symptomatic calcific tendinitis patients who underwent ultrasonography-guided multiple needling and followed for average 17 weeks. The procedures were multiple needling or aspiration of the calcific deposit and injection of local anesthetics and steroid into the subacromial bursa under the ultrasound control. Clinical improvements were evaluated using pain VAS, UCLA score and KSS score. The size and status of calcific deposits were compared. Results: A significant improvement was seen in pain VAS, UCLA score and KSS score (p<0.05). At the final follow up, the calcific deposits had resolved completely of nearly completely in 39%, and the size was decreased in 61%. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided multiple needling is considered as a useful method which could provide prompt pain relief and reduce calcific deposit for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.
Various studies have been conducted to identify the concept of creativity and enhance it effectively. Many advanced countries in the field of design have already expanded the scope of design education from specialized education to universal education and utilized such design education as a curriculum for promoting the creativity. Although education industry in China has been growing rapidly with the increase in the national income, the current educational contents have been mostly focused on the subjects/contents for an entrance examination, with little consideration of creativity promotion for children. Therefore, as an effort to promote creativity of Chinese children, the current study developed a design education program utilizing Chinese cultural contents and verified its educational effectiveness in terms of creativity promotion. The program was developed in the following process: 1) exploring the program development direction through an in-depth interview with parents; 2) deriving three lesson plans through an ideation session with some experts in art education for children; and 3) selecting a final lesson plan through experts/parents evaluation and developing a final textbook. A total of 10 children were educated with the developed textbook, and their levels of creativity before and after the education were comparatively evaluated using Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The study results showed that the education program developed in the current study significantly affected the children's creativity, which would contribute to promoting the children's creativity, and also, developing a new creativity education program in the future. Additionally, it is expected that the research methods employed in this study, that is, developing a creativity promotion program using some cultural/local contents, could be usefully/widely applied in various fields of education.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.