• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.915-923
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the test results of total 35 direct tensile specimens to investigate the effect of high-strength concrete on the tension stiffening effect in axially loaded reinforced concrete tensile members. Three kinds of concrete strength 25, 60, and 80 MPa were included as a major experimental parameter together with six concrete cover thickness ratios. The results showed that as higher strength concrete was employed, not only more extensive split cracking along the reinforcement was formed, but also the transverse crack space became smaller. Thereby, the effective tensile stiffness of the high-strength concrete specimens at the stabilized cracking stage was much smaller than those of normal-strength concrete specimens. This observation is contrary to the current design provisions, and the significance in reduction of tension stiffening effect by employment of high-strength concrete is much higher than that would be expected. Based on the present results, a modification factor is proposed for accounting the effect of the cover thickness and the concrete strength.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2014

When adjacent tall buildings experience earthquake excitation, structural pounding may happen. In order to mitigate seismic pounding damage to adjacent structures, many studies have been done to date. Tuned mass dampers (TMD) are widely used for reduction of dynamic responses of building structures subjected to earthquake excitations. If a TMD is shared between adjacent buildings and it shows good control performance, it will be effective and economic means to reduce seismic responses of adjacent structures. In this study, control performance of a shared tuned mass damper (STMD) for seismic response reduction of adjacent buildings has been evaluated. For this purpose, two 8-story example buildings were used and multi-objective genetic algorithms has been employed for optimal design of the stiffness and damping parameters of the STMD. Based on numerical analyses, it has been shown that a STMD can effectively control dynamic responses and reduce the effect of pounding between adjacent buildings subjected to earthquake excitations in comparison with a traditional TMD.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.241-251
• /
• 2014

In this study, shaking table test was carried out to evaluate the seismic behavior and performance of low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) piloti structures with and without retrofit. The specimens were designed considering the characteristics of existing building with pilotis such as natural period, distribution factor of strength and stiffness between columns and core wall on the first soft story. The test for the non-retrofit specimen showed that damage was concentrated on the stiffer member on the same floor as the core wall failed by shear fracture whereas columns experienced slight flexural cracks. Considering the failure mode of the non-retrofit specimen, the retrofit method using steel rod damper was presented for improving the seismic performance of piloti structures. The results of the test for retrofit specimen revealed that the retrofit method was effective for controlling the damage as the main RC structural members were not destroyed and most of input energy was dissipated by hysteretic behavior of the damper.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2020

An approximate analysis method is proposed to predict the dynamic amplification of shear forces in ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls as a preliminary study. First, a seismic design for three groups of ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls higher than 60 m was created on the basis of nonlinear dynamic analysis. Causes for the dynamic amplification effect of shear forces were investigated through a detailed evaluation of the nonlinear dynamic analysis result. A new modal combination rule was proposed on the basis of that observation, in which fundamental mode response and combined higher mode response were summed directly. The fundamental mode response was approximated by nonlinear static analysis result, while higher mode response was computed using response spectrum analysis for equivalent linear structural models with the effective stiffness based on the nonlinear dynamic analysis result. The proposed approximate analysis generally predicted vertical distribution of story shear and shear forces of individual walls from the nonlinear dynamic analysis with comparable accuracy.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.504-508
• /
• 2009

To obtain high power, diesel engines continuously increase combustion pressure and mean effective pressure each cylinder, and the excitation sources and noisy sources are increased, too. Moreover, to reduce the costs, shipyards make hull structures weaker than before. As above reasons, it is more difficult to control the vibration phenomenon nowadays. In this study, it was investigated why diesel generator sets reached the vibration allowable limits during the FAT and heavy vibration phenomenon of diesel generator sets using ODS test during onboard tests. Also, it is found out the stiffness of deck and common bed using the test result of their structural impedance. To find out the vibratory characteristics of diesel generator sets, MODAL tests were carried out. From the sensitivity analysis after above tests, it was selected points to be reinforced and studied troubleshooting to solve heavy vibration phenomenon of diesel generator sets.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.593-602
• /
• 2000

The shape optimization is performed to minimize the judder of ventilated disc brake rotor that is induced by the thermal deformation of the disc. A three-dimensional finite element is developed to analyze the coupled system of temperature and displacement field, and the thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness matrices are simultaneously taken into account. To reduce computing time, an equivalent heat transfer rate is introduced approximating the heat transfer rate on the disc surface. A deformation factor is introduced to describe the thermal deformation causing the judder. The deformation factor is chosen as an objective function in the optimization process. Consequently an optimum design is then performed minimizing the deformation factor with the design variables of the shape of the disc. The optimum design procedure presented in this study is proven to be an effective method of minimizing the judder, and it reduces the thermal deformation by 23% of the initial geometry.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제31권9호
• /
• pp.765-771
• /
• 2014

During the acceptance test of KTX, unexpectedly great lateral vibration in 14th~16th train at 150km/h~200km/h was appeared on a straight line in the winter season. Generally, stiffness of secondary suspension in KTX vehicle is one of the most sensitive components on air temperature. So, we examined that the secondary suspension to be mounted heating system was able to reduce the lateral vibration in the tail car of KTX. Also, we verified that lateral vibration from test results on KTX train with wheel conicity 1/20 disappeared. In this paper, we analysis effective reduction methods and the cause of the lateral vibration using model of KTX train and compare with the test results. The analysis results agree well with test ones. From mode analysis result, lateral vibration is occurred at natural frequency range 0.5~0.6Hz with a negative damping value and its natural frequency disappear gradually according to increasing of wheel concinicy.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.354-363
• /
• 2005

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) have been commonly used to effectively enhance the dynamic behavior of the rotating shaft supported by rolling element bearings. However, due to the recent trends of high operating speed, high load capacity and light weight in rotating machinery, it is becoming increasingly important to change the dynamic characteristics of rotating machines in operation so that the excessive vibrations, which may occurparticularly when passing through critical speeds or unstable regions, can be avoided. Semi-active type SFDs using magneto-rheological fluid (MR fluid), which responds to an applied magnetic field with a change in rheological behavior, are introduced in order to find its applications to rotating machinery as an effective device attenuating unbalance responses. In this paper, a semi-active SFD using MR fluid is designed, tested, and identified to investigate the capability of changing its dynamic properties such as damping and stiffness.In order to apply the MR-SFD to the vibration attenuation of a rotor, a systematic approach for determining the damper's optimal location is investigated, and also, a control algorithm that could improve the unbalance response characteristics of a flexible rotor is proposed and its control performance is validated with a numerical example.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.137-149
• /
• 2014

In this study, modal parameters such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios of RC frames with low strength are determined for different construction stages using ambient vibration test. For this purpose full scaled, one bay and one story RC frames are produced and tested for plane, brick in-filled and brick in-filled with plaster conditions. Measurement time, frequency span and effective mode number are determined by considering similar studies and literature. To obtain experimental dynamic characteristics, Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification techniques are used together. It is shown that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of RC frames. The results indicate that modal parameters change significantly depending on the construction stages. In addition, Infill walls increase stiffness and change the mode shapes of the RC frame. There is a good agreement between mode shapes obtained from brick in-filled and in-filled with plaster conditions. However, some differences are seen in plane frame, like expected. Dynamic characteristics should be verified using finite element analysis. Finally, inconsistency between experimental and analytical dynamic characteristics should be minimize by finite element model updating using some uncertain parameters such as material properties, boundary condition and section properties to reflect the current behavior of the RC frames.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.569-594
• /
• 2014

Damage detection methods based on modal analysis have been widely studied in recent years. However the calculation of mode shapes in real structures can be time consuming and often requires dedicated software programmes. In the present paper the combined application of proper orthogonal decomposition and gapped smoothing method to structural damage detection is presented. The first is used to calculate the dynamic shapes of a damaged structural element using only the time response of the system while the second is used to derive a reference baseline to which compare the data coming from the damaged structure. Experimental verification is provided for a beam case while numerical analyses are conducted on plates. The introduction of a stiffener on a plate is investigated and a method to distinguish its influence from that of a defect is presented. Results highlight that the derivatives of the proper orthogonal modes are more effective damage indices than the modes themselves and that they can be used in damage detection when only data from the damaged structure are available. Furthermore the stiffened plate case shows how the simple use of the curvature is not sufficient when analysing complex components. The combined application of the two techniques provides a possible improvement in damage detection of typical aeronautical structures.