• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.181-199
• /
• 1999

The industry of modern clothing has deviated from the overflow of commercialism and the standardization and nowadays is going toward pursuing art, creativity, and high added value. This trend brings the return of the natural materials from the synthetic textiles and increases the value of old and handmade fabrics. Finally, the handmade-paper, which is a natural material, comes to be reconsidered as a new material for the clothing. Therefore, as the natural materials and the manufacture of handmade clothing are rising again, the qualitative improvement and globalization of clothing industry should be first realized through the developments of creative and various clothing materials and new expressing techniques. The above investigation and study have been synthesized and analyzed as follows: First, through the study on the origin of the paper clothing, its historical background and the process of its development, we've learned these two facts following : the paper clothing of the East in the past mostly had practiced meanings. On the other hand, in the West it had meanings which were raised the artist's emotions and beauty-consciousness to the artistic level by the various kinds of expressing methods. Second, handmade-paper was manufactured by the embedding method, which mixed mulberry pulp, gauze, corn, hair, sisal, silk and so on. It was found that handmade-paper had the affluent and proper texture as the clothing material and was be able to control the clarity through the variation of thickness. It was also confirmed that the creative and original texture with hand-worked molding beauty was obtained by the use of handmade-paper. Third, when the handmade-paper is used, the molding beauty of plane, relievo, and solid can be freely pursued, and various and effective molding conformation can be constructed by the effect of superposition and repetition. Also, because the maximum discretion from the various optional manufacturing methods is allowed, the molding beauty can be maximized when the clothes are manufactured with handmade-paper. Fourth, the gauze with strong drape was combined to overcome the stiffness and the tearing of the paper. As a result, the durability and the wearability of the paper were strengthened and thus the thus the applications as the clothing material were enlarged. In conclusion, in order to enhance the value, creativity, practicality, and artistic sense of the design for modern clothing, the clothes made of handmade-paper should be more studied. Moreover, for the generalization of paper clothes, the studies on the development of practical paper with paper with water resistance, post-treatment after dyeing, flexibility, and durability should be done. I really hope that this study will be the motive to provoke the possibility of handmade-paper as new clothing material in not only practical sense but also artistic sense.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2003

This paper preliminarily investigates the effectiveness of various control systems, such as passive, active, semiactive and hybrid control, for seismic protection of cable-stayed bridges by examining the ASCE first generation benchmark problem for a cable-stayed bridge. This benchm.0.00000ark problem considers the cable-stayed bridge that is scheduled for completion in Missouri, USA In 2003. Seismic considerations were strongly considered in the design of this bridge due to location of the bridge and its critical role as a principal crossing of the Mississippi River. Based on detailed drawings of this cable-stayed bridge, a three-dimensional linearized evaluation model has been developed to represent the complex behavior of the bridge. A set of eighteen evaluation criteria has been developed to evaluate the capability of each control system. In this study, four passive control systems, one active control system, two semiactive control systems and three hybrid control systems are considered. Numerical simulation results show that all the control systems are effective in reducing the responses of the benchmark cable-stayed bridge under the historical earthquakes. To get good performance, however, the passive control systems need quite large control forces compared to other control systems. The simulation results also demonstrate that the passive, semiactive and hybrid control systems are robust to the stiffness uncertainty of the structure. Therefore, the semiactive and hybrid control systems are more appropriate in real applications for full-scale civil infrastructures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.5 no.6
• /
• pp.391-400
• /
• 2011

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs and respiratory system and can be classified by a variety of factors such as infectious agents, etiology, infection area, and other criteria. From a 46-year-old male, who was suspected of being infected with atypical pathogen pneumonia and underwent such tests as serological testing, examination of sputum, urine examination, parasite examination, bronchoscopy, needle biopsy and so on, no significant abnormality was found. This patient also showed no specific symptoms like auscultatory abnormalities, high fever, nonproductive cough, muscle stiffness, sputum production, dyspnea. Prescription of broad-spectrum oral antibiotics and ant-parasitic didn't seem to be effective against bacterial and atypical pathogen. The patient's condition alternately repeated between natural cure and recurrence. The average healing process during which scarring, nodule recurrence and disappearance on the lungs happened was about 20 days. Chest radiography and chest high resolution computerized tomographic scans(HRCT scan) was performed to depict parenchymal aberrations and demarcate the extent and distribution of atypical pathogen pneumonia. As a result, chest radiography did not show the specific symptoms, whereas areas of opacity (seen as white) which represent consolidation were revealed in chest HRCT scan. This indicates that only chest radiography is not that useful for early diagnosis of atypical pathogen pneumonia in patients, since it can't show exactly what the symptom is because of the barriers such as diaphragm, liver, and spine. Therefore, it is desirable that chest HRCT should be used in the diagnosis to compare with the results of chest radiography. Here, report with literature investigations the case of recurrent atypical pathogen pneumonia.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the outcome of arthroscopic treatment for the complications of knee arthroplasty and to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 25 patients who underwent arthroscopy to treat complications of knee arthroplasty between May 1992 and June 2008. Nineteen cases out of 25 had total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the remaining 6 cases had unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Before arthroscopy, physical examinations and radiographic evaluations were carried out to find out the causes of complications. Joint fluid aspiration and hematologic evaluation were added when infection was suspected. Results: Among the diagnosis at the time of arthroscopy, there were 11 cases of infection, 6 cases of stiffness due to adhesion and fibrosis, and 2 cases of soft tissue impingement in the cases of TKA. Among the cases of UKA, one for each case of meniscal tear, subluxation of mobile insert, hemarthrosis, cement loose body, soft tissue impingement, and stiff knee was found. Nine out of 11 patients who had infection were treated successfully with arthroscopy but the remaining 2 cases underwent revision arthroplasty. Seven patients with arthrofibrosis had improved range of motion from $65^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $105^{\circ}$ postoperatively. The others also showed successful results after arthroscopy. Conclusion: Arthroscopy to treat complications after knee arthroplasty was a safe and effective method when appropriate selection of patients was made.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2016

Flexural tests of full-scale concrete-filled U-shape hybrid composite beams were conducted. Ordinary (SS400) and high-strength (SM570) steel plates were used in the web and in the bottom flange of U-shape steel section respectively. The primary objectives were to develop the hybrid section configuration with maximized flexural capacity and to investigate its flexural strength and deformation capacity. All the hybrid test specimens in this study exhibited the plastic moment capacity and resonable deformability. It is shown that the plastic stress distribution can be assumed in calculating the flexural strength of the proposed hybrid composite beams if the plastic neural axis is located within 15% of the total beam depth from the top of the composite slab. The procedure for computing the effective flexural stiffness of hybrid composite beams is also recommended based on test results.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2007

For the purpose of effective utilization of domestic second-grown larch as structural members, post and beam construction applying traditional construction to Japanese larch glulam members was adopted with processing by machine pre-cut method. In general, horizontal shear test by KS F 2154 is conducted to assess the horizontal shear properties of the wooden structure by post and beam construction. The frame was consisted of post and beam member with appropriate fasteners, and members have their own processed parts (notch, hole, etc.) that can be well-connected each other. The shear wall was consisted of the frame with screw-nail sheathed panel (OSB). The results of horizontal shear loading tests without vertical loads conducted on the frame and the shear wall structures, the maximum strengths were about 1.9 kN/m and about 9.7 kN/m, the shear rigidities were about 167 kN/rad, 8198 kN/rad, respectively. The strength proportion of the frame specimen was about 20% of the wall's and about 2% in initial stiffness. Nail failures are remarkable on the shear wall specimen with punching shears and shear failures. The shear load factor for the shear wall specimen by the method of Architectural Institute of Japan was 1.5, which was obtained by the bi-linear method. Loading method should be considered to obtain smooth load-deformation relationship. For the better shear performance of the structures, column base and post and beam connections and sheathed panel should be further examined as well.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2018

Objectives: We investigated the efficacy and safety of miniscalpel acupuncture (MA) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in an assessor-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial; this would provide information for a large-scale randomized controlled trial. Methods: Participants (n = 24) were recruited and randomly allocated to the MA group (experimental) or acupuncture group (control). The MA group received treatment once a week for 3 weeks (total of 3 treatments), while the acupuncture group received treatment two times per week for 3 weeks (total of 6 treatments). The primary outcome was pain as assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes (intensity of current pain, stiffness, and physical function) were assessed using the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Assessments were performed at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 during treatment and at week 5 (2 weeks after the end of treatment). Results: Of the 24 participants, 23 completed the study. Both groups showed significant improvements in VAS, SF-MPQ, and WOMAC. However, there were no significant differences between the MA and acupuncture groups. No serious adverse event occurred and blood test results were within normal limits. Conclusion: Our results suggest that although both MA and acupuncture provide similar effects with regard to pain control in patients with KOA, MA may be more effective in providing pain relief because the same relief was obtained with fewer treatments. A large-scale clinical study is warranted to further clarify these findings.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2017

Three small scale hollow circular reinforced concrete columns with aspect ratio 4.5 were tested under cyclic lateral load with constant axial load. Diameter of section is 400 mm, hollow diameter is 200 mm. The selected test variable is transverse steel ratio. Volumetric ratios of spirals of all the columns are 0.302~0.604% in the plastic hinge region. It corresponds to 45.9~91.8% of the minimum requirement of confining steel by Korean Bridge Design Specifications, which represent existing columns not designed by the current seismic design specifications or designed by seismic concept. The longitudinal steel ratio is 2.017%. The axial load ratio is 7%. This paper describes mainly crack behavior, load-displacement hysteresis loop, seismic performance such as equivalent damping ratio, residual displacement and effective stiffness and flexural over-strength of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns with respect to test variable. The regulation of flexural over-strength is adopted by Korea Bridge Design Specifications (Limited state design, 2012). The test results are compared with nominal strength, result of nonlinear moment-curvature analysis and the design specifications such as AASHTO LRFD and Korea Bridge Design Specifications(Limited state design).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.311-327
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on activation of trunk muscles of patients with low back pain. Diaphragmatic breathing may affect activation of trunk muscles. The assumptions are as follows: the crural diaphragm attatches to the lumbar vertebrae from L1 to L3, the voluntary downward pressurization of the diaphragm increases intra-abdominal pressure, and this increases the stiffness of the spine. Diaphragmatic breathing increases intra-abdominal pressure and the increased intra-abdominal pressure may contribute to the lumbar stability. Sixty patients with low back pain were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise with six breathing positions and control group performed only the breathing positions for five times per week during six weeks. % maximal voluntary contraction(% MVC) of trunk muscles on six breathing positions of experimental and control group was measured according to testing period of pre test, three weeks, and six weeks. The repeated measures of one-way ANOVA were used to analyze % MVC on trunk muscles of experimental and control group according to testing period. The results of this study were as follows: First, % MVC of right and left erector spinae in the right leg extension position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Second, % MVC of right and left erector spinae in all-four positions indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Third, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the sitting position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Fourth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the standing position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Fifth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the supine position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Sixth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the lying on prone position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, as experimental group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise according to the period of pre-test, post three weeks, and post six weeks, experimental group showed the greater significant effect on the activation of right, left erector spinae, and external oblique muscle. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise which resulted in activation of trunk muscles can be effective for managing the patients with back pain and should be utilized as the new therapeutic intervention.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.275-279
• /
• 1993

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a syndrome characterized by persistent, burning pain, hyperpathia, allodynia & hyperaesthesia in an extremity, with concurrent evidence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. It generally develops after nerve injury, trauma, surgery, et al. The most successful therapies are directed towards blocking the sympathetic intervention to the affected extremity by regional sympathetic ganglion block or Bier block with sympathetic blocker; other traditional treatments include transcutaneous electrical stimulation, immobilization with cast & splint, physical therapy, psychotherapy, administration of sympathetic blocker, calcitonin, corticosteroid and analgesic agents. The purpose of this report is to evaluate and describe the effects of magnetic resonance following unsatisfactory results with traditional treatments of RSD. A 17 year old female patient, 1 year earlier, had received excision and drainage of pus at the right femoral triangle due to an injury caused by a stone. Afterwards, she experienced burning pain, knee joint stiffness, and muscle dystrophy of the right thigh, especially when standing and walking. Despite a year of number of traditional treatments such as: lumbar sympathetic block, continuous epidural analgesia, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, & administration of predisolone, her pain did not improve. Surprisingly, the patients was able to walk free from pain and difficulty after just one application of magnetic resonance. The patient has been successfully treated with further treatment of two to three times a week for approximately ten weeks. More recently, magnetic resonance has been demonstrated to produce effective results for the relief of pain in a variety of diseases. From our experiences we recognize magnetic resonance as a therapeutic modality which can provide excellent results for the treatment of RSD. It has been suggested that polysynaptic reflex which are disturbed in RSD may be modulated normally on the spinal cord level through the application of magnetic resonance.