• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the 12 college volleyball player's food behavior, nutrient intakes, and their serum lipid levels during the periods of training and detraining and to provide basic data for an effective program for the volleyball players during the period of detraining after the game season. The results were summarized as follows : The total daily energy intake of the players was $3,363{\pm}339kcal and 3,692{\pm}499kcal$ during the periods of the training and detraining, respectively. During the training period, daily intakes of protein, calcium and vitamin A, and $B_2$ were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for the players. During the detraining period, the players' daily intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A were even lower. However, the consumption of alcohol was dramatically increased during the period of detraining. The levels of serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein were significantly increased during the detraining period. Basal metabolic rates were significantly increased after the training period and diastolic pressure was decreased during the detraining period. In conclusion, out results suggest that the detraining of volleyball players for 10 days after intensive training, negatively affects their food behavior and serum lipid concentrations. Therefore, for the improvement of performance for the next game season, a planned program for the players' detraining period should be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.321-331
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of case management service for hypertensive elderly patients through the customized visiting home health care program. Method: Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. Data were collected from April 2007 to January 2009. Among a total of fifty subjects, 25 subjects were belonged to the case management group and the others were belonged to the general management group. Results: 1) In experimental group, significant increasing rate of number of people within normal blood pressure by time, but no significant increasing rate of number of people within normal blood neutral fat, total cholesterol, HDL, & LDL. 2) In experimental group, the score of knowledge about disease and healthy life practice were increased on 8 week period but decreased on follow up period. Number of people within normal blood HDL and mean score of healthy life practice were significantly higher than control group on follow up period. Conclusion: Case management service was effective on controlling blood pressure but partly effective on blood lipid, knowledge about disease, and healthy life practice in hypertensive patients. Further study is needed to conduct a periodic re-evaluation of the effect of case management and to verify an optimal interval to provide the case management service.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.195.2-195.2
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• 2011

The borehole heat exchanger of Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP) system should be sustainable and cost effective for long term operation. To guaranty the performance of the system thermal Response Tests (TRTs) with simple recommended procedures have been applied in many countries. Korea government developed a standard TRT procedure in order to control the quality on GHP projects. In the TRT procedure interpretation method has a rule that data set has to be interpreted by the line source model(LSM). The LSM employes some assumptions that surrounding medium is homogeneous and the line source is infinite and constant heat flux, however real ground condition is unisotropic and heterogeneous, and showing regional or local ground water flows in many cases. We need to develope improved evaluation models to estimate accurate ground thermal conductivity with respect to geological and influence of ground water because current TRT standard test procedure has limitations to be applied for every locations and system. This study surveyed the uncertainty of the thermal parameters from the interpretation method considering different evaluation period. The interpretation of 208 TRT data sets represents limitations of LSM application that some obtained ground thermal conductivities are statistically unstable and convergence time of ground thermal conductivity over test period shows trends responding the length of test period. This evaluation study will be helpful to provide some effective procedure for the thermal parameter estimation and to complement current TRT standard procedure.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 1990

The epidemiology of plant disease deals with the dynamic processes of host-pathogen interactions, which determine the prevalence and severity of the disease. Epidemic processes for most foliar diseases of plants follow a series of steps: arrival of pathogens on plant surfaces, initial infection, incubation period, latent period, sporulation, dissemination of secondary inoculum, and infectious period. These complex biological processes are influenced by the environment-Man also often interfers with these processes by altering the host and pathogen populations and the environment. Slowing or halting any of the epidemic processes can delay the development of the epidemic, so that serious losses in yield due to disease do not occur. It is generally recognized that the most effective and efficient method of minimizing disease damage is through the use of resistant cultivars, particularly when other methods such as fungicide applications are not economically feasible-Populations of plant pathogens are not genetically uniform nor are they necessarily stable. Cultivars bred for resistance to current populations of a pathogen may not be resistant in the future due to selection pressures placed on the pathogen populations. Understanding population development and genetic variability in the pathogen, and knowledge of the genetics of resistance in the plant should help in developing breeding strategies that wi1l provide effective and stable disease control through genetic resistance. In the United States, soybeans have ranked first in value of crops sold off the farm in recent years. Soybeans have been the leading U. S.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

Diffusion and dispersion of injected $CO_2$gas into the $N_2$ gas flow are complex. In the packed column with porous particles the axial dispersion and the extra-particle mass transport as well as the intra-particle mass transport are involved. The pulse spreads by stationary diffusion during the period of arrested flow. Hence, the effect of axial dispersion, and of entrance and exit, as well as that of intraparticle convection should be eliminated during the period. The effective diffusivity was determined experimentally by using the gas chromatography, which is to arrest the gas flow during the period after injecting the pulse. This experiment method hasn't been used often in the field. Effective diffusivities are raised with temperature increasing, and it is quite satisfied com-pared to literature values. In this study, the calculated data of gaseous chemical for extinguish fires could be helpful to appreciate several physical phenomenons. Also, it could be expected that, the calculated data of this study might be very useful for development of excellent gaseous chemical for extinguish fires and improvement of its efficiency.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.374-389
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• 2003

The Purpose of this study was to propose the most effective packaging method and storage conditions to apply to home-delivered meals for the elderly Changes in the physical and sensory qualities of pan fried oak mushroom and meat, soy sauce glazed hair tail and roasted dodok, in wrap packaging, top sealing and vacuum packaging were evaluated during storage at 25, 4 and -18$^{\circ}C$, for 5 days. The speed of falling-off in the foods qualities, under chilled and frozen storage conditions did not differ much as the 5 day storage period was too short for a proper assessment. The sensory characteristics of taste and texture were better evaluated in the chilled than in the frozen storage. The most effective packaging method at all the storage temperatures was the vacuum packaging, which assured the safety of the foods by the removal of oxygen. The lightness, springiness and hardness were significantly influenced by the storage temperature, period and packaging method, while the sensory characters were affected by storage temperature and the period. In conclusion, the quality of the vacuum packed pan fried oak mushroom and meat and soy sauce glazed hair tail, in frozen storage, were still fresh after the five days of the experiment. The shelf-life of those foods with wrap packaging, in chilled storage, were suggested to be three days. The quality of the roasted dodok, with vacuum packaging in chilled storage, was preserved for five days.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2000

This study focused on evaluating the reliability of code formulas such as those of the current Korean Building Code(KBC 1988). UBC 1997, NBCC 1995. and BSLJ 1994 for estimating the fundamental period of RC apartment buildings with shear-wall dominant systems, representative of typical residential buildings in Korea. For this purpose, full-scale measurements were carried out on fifty RC apartment buildings, and these results were compared to those obtained by code formulas and also by dynamic analysis. Although these code formulas are based on the measured periods of buildings during various earthquakes and building period varies with the amplitude of structural deflection or strain level, ambient surveys should provide an effective tool for experimentally verifying the design period to the completed building. This comparison shows that comparatively large errors are likely to occure when the code formula of KBC 1988 is used, and all the other code formulas are not sufficient to estimate the fundamental period of apartment buildings with shear-wall dominant systems. An improved formula is proposed by regression analysis on the basis of the measured period data. The proposal is for the servicebility stress level, but it can also be applied for seismic code in the regions of low seismicity similar to Korea.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

The more or less homogeneous fuel-air mixture that exists at the end of the compression process is ignited by an electric ignition spark from a spark plug shortly before top dead center. The actual moment of ignition is an optimization parameter; it is adapted to the engine operation so that an optimum combustion process is obtained. Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the spark ignition energy control device (IECD) than conventional spark system at the stoichiometric mixture is increased about 9%. For lean burn engine, the lean limit is extended about 25% by using the IECD. It was considered the stability of combustion by the increase of flame kernel according to the high ignition energy supplies in initial period and discharge energy period lengthen by using the IECD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.12-18
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• 2003

Objectives : Hypertension is very prevalent disease, and causes serious cardiovascular complications. Nowadays optimal hypertension treatment is emphasized to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular complications. Auricular acupuncture therapy is economical, safe and effective. Its clinical application is various, and it can be used to control blood pressure. So The effect of auricular acupuncture therapy was investigated. Daily variation of blood pressure during needle-embedded period and variation of blood pressure by blood pressure classification were observed. Methods : The auricular acupuncture points we used were Gangapjeom (降壓點), Sinmun (神門), Gyogam (交感), Sim(心), and Icheom (耳尖). Auricular acupuncture needles were embedded for three days. Blood pressure was checked four times per day and the mean obtained. Results : The following results were obtained : 1. During needle-embedded period, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased. Blood pressure decreased most significantly 2 days after treatment. 2. The change of blood pressure in the higher blood pressure group was more remarkable than that of the lower blood pressure group. Conclusions : Through this research, auricular acupuncture therapy is considered as an effective and safe method to lower blood pressure.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.spc
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

Egg incubation periods of 14 species of plecoptera were examined at $10^{\circ}\;{\sim}\;11^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}\;{\sim}\;16^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $23^{\circ}C$ under dark conditions. The total effective temperature (TET) was calculated by multiplying mean egg incubation days and water temperature of incubation periods. The relation between the TET and the incubation temperature was used to compare the life cycle of respective species. Perlodid species had higher TET values with a positive relation to incubation temperature than those of other species. Perlid species had low TET values in the 14 species with negative to variable relation, and Chloroperlid species showed variable to positive relations to incubation temperature. These results suggest that the relation between the TET and the water temperature reflected on their habitat of respective species.