• Architectural research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

Since the massive power outages that hit across the nation in September 2011, a growing imbalance between energy supply and demand has led to a severe backup power shortage. To overcome the energy crisis which is annually repeated, a policy change for deriving energy supply from renewable energy sources and a demand reduction strategy has become essential. Buildings account for 18% of total energy consumption and have great potential for energy efficiency improvements; it is an area considered to be a highly effective target for reducing energy demand by improving buildings' energy efficiency. In this regard, retrofitting buildings to promoting environmental conservation and energy reduction through the reuse of existing buildings can be very effective and essential for reducing maintenance costs and increasing economic output through energy savings. In this study, we compared the energy reduction efficiency of national power energy consumption by unit production volume based on thermal power generation, renewable energy power generation, and initial and operating costs for a building retrofit. The unit production was found to be 13,181GWh/trillion won for bituminous coal-fired power generation, and 5,395GWh/trillion won for LNG power generation, implying that LNG power generation seemed to be disadvantageous in terms of unit production compared to bituminous coal-fired power generation, which was attributable to a difference in unit production price. The unit production from green retrofitting increased to 38,121GWh/trillion won due to the reduced energy consumption and benefits of greenhouse gas reduction costs. Renewable energy producing no greenhouse gas emissions during power generation and showed the highest unit production of 75,638GWh/trillion won, about 5.74 times more effective than bituminous coal-fired power generation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

Objective : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is frequently used to localize language areas in a non-invasive manner. Various paradigms for presurgical localization of language areas have been developed, but a systematic quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of those paradigms has not been performed. In the present study, the authors analyzed different language paradigms to see which paradigm is most efficient in localizing frontal language areas. Methods : Five men and five women with no neurological deficits participated (mean age, 24 years) in this study. All volunteers were right-handed. Each subject performed 4 tasks, including fixation (Fix), sentence reading (SRI. pseudoword reading (PR), and word generation (WG). Fixation and pseudoword reading were used as contrasts. The functional area was defined as the area(s) with a t-value of more than 3.92 in fMRI with different tasks. To apply an anatomical constraint, we used a brain atlas mapping system, which is available in AFNI, to define the anatomical frontal language area. The numbers of voxels in overlapped area between anatomical and functional area were individually counted in the frontal expressive language area. Results : Of the various combinations, the word generation task was most effective in delineating the frontal expressive language area when fixation was used as a contrast (p<0.05). The sensitivity of this test for localizing Broca's area was 81 % and specificity was 70%. Conclusion : Word generation versus fixation could effectively and reliably delineate the frontal language area. A customized effective paradigm should be analyzed in order to evaluate various language functions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2012

This paper presents a method to calculate the area of vulnerability by using the impedance building algorithm. The installation of DG (Distributed Generation) is one of the countermeasures against voltage sags in power systems. In order to estimate the effect of the DG, the voltage sag assessment should be performed based on the area of vulnerability and system fault statistics. To determine the area of vulnerability, system impedance matrix should be calculated. The calculation of the impedance matrix of large systems is time-consuming task. This paper addresses an effective scheme to calculate the area of vulnerability and system impedance matrix.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 2001

It is of great importance to represent the directional ocean waves in a laboratory basin for hydraulic model tests. The directional ocean waves can be expressed as a linear superposition of a large number of component waves with different frequencies and propagating directions. The aim of the study is to check the wave generating characteristics by serpent-type wave generating system in PKNU (Pukyong National University) which is composed of 10 piston-type wave generators. In the experiment, spatial variation of irregular wave heights and propagating angles are measured in the multi-directional wave maker basin. Target wave directional spectrum is reproduced in the area of multi-directional wave maker basin. The directional spreading of the generated waves varied spacially in the basin. They differed from target spectrum as the measurement point becomes far from the center line normal to the generator face, The effective generation area where that target can be reproduced is limited to the triangular area attached the generator face. According to the results, it is emphasized that the effective experiment area in the basin considered wave generator characteristics should be determined in consideration of experimental conditions including structural shapes, water depth, wave directionality etc.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.259-270
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• 2008

The regional air movement in a coastal area is generated by the different heat capacities of sea and land sides, which is called sea/land breeze. In the west coast area, the local air quality is significantly influenced by this sea/land breeze. In this study, the mathematical model is proposed to estimate the effective area of sea/land breeze. A commercial air model, that is suggested as an alternative air model by USEPA, is introduced to simulate the mechanism of sea/land breeze generation. From this study, it is confirmed that the numerical approach proposed in this study is reliable to predict the effective area of sea breeze in a coastal area. It implies that the current application of common air model needs to be carefully reviewed especially when dealing with a coastal air quality issue. It is also found that the sea breeze in Incheon area has the impact in the range of approximately 24 km in-land side, so-called penetration length.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.459-465
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• 2016

This study investigated reusability of costly guard column by ultrasonic. It also investigated various effects that affect to guard column generation by ultrasonic. When investigated 30 KHz of frequency, area of ascorbic acid is 73.0% compared to unused guard column. As a result of investigation of effect of pH, guard column by ultrasonic is effective at alkali area. As a result of investigation of solvent effect, when ethanol is used, generation rate is 81.9% as of peak area compared to the case of analysis in un used column. From the result, it indicates that regenerated guard by ultrasonic is reusable.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2008

$Orgacon^{TM}$ products, based on the conducting polymer PEDOT/PSS, are very promising materials in cost-effective R2R production of large area electronics. This presentation will show both the progress in the surface resistance/VLT and progress in the stability (T/R.H. and light stability). A new generation of films, coating formulations and inks will be presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.237-242
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• 2003

During the past, digital orthophoto is generated for rural area or low resolution image, because the accurate extraction of DEM is difficult for urban area. But, nowadays, high resolution DEM by ALS system starts to become available for urban area, so the importance of large scale digital orthophoto generation becomes increasing. In this paper, we propose and describe effective algorithm for detecting occlusion area and not only restoring occlusion area but also processing null pixels by occlusion area for minimizing the heterogeneity of digital orthophoto. With proposed algorithm, we detected occlusion area due to height of structures such as buildings, bridges, etc, and restored occlusion area using reference image. Also, The homogeneity of generated digital orthophoto was improved by using brightness correction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

Applications of electrolytic ion water generated by the oxidation-reduction have gradually been expanded due to their strong sterilizing power and a surface active force. We demonstrate the effect of the multi-layer type electrode for effective ion water generation. The multi-layer type electrode has ability to generate stronger acid and alkali water by increase of the electrode reactive area. Also power consumption efficiency enhances because the electrodes disposed in middle position of the reactive cell raise the usage rate by overlapped effect as an electrolysis electrode.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1044-1048
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• 2006

Nuclear power generation is very dangerous in occasion that skirt of structure by earthquake although it is high effective generation that can make a lot of energies with few raw material. when design, it must consider a lot of problems caused by an earthquake. The seismic analysis of the structure has been great concern in the engineering society with an effort to reduce the severe damages from an earthquake. So the earthquake resistant design is one of the crucial design procedures of a gate valve used in nuclear power generation. The gate valve which has the contact area between stem and bellows. Because of the contact area. The gate valve should be given high stress and frictional wear. In this thesis, Considering the gate valve which has some contact distance between stem and bellows. The gate valve which has some contact distance is analyzed by a commercial FEM code of Ansys and Then compared to the gate valve behavior which doesn't have contact distance.