• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.181-199
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• 2010

As rapid progress of population aging and strong interest in health, the demand for new healthcare service is increasing. Until now healthcare service has provided post treatment by face-to-face manner. But according to related researches, proactive treatment is resulted to be more effective for preventing diseases. Particularly, the existing healthcare services have limitations in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome such a lifestyle disease, because the cause of metabolic syndrome is related to life habit. As the advent of ubiquitous technology, patients with the metabolic syndrome can improve life habit such as poor eating habits and physical inactivity without the constraints of time and space through u-healthcare service. Therefore, lots of researches for u-healthcare service focus on providing the personalized healthcare service for preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. For example, Kim et al.(2010) have proposed a healthcare model for providing the customized calories and rates of nutrition factors by analyzing the user's preference in foods. Lee et al.(2010) have suggested the customized diet recommendation service considering the basic information, vital signs, family history of diseases and food preferences to prevent and manage coronary heart disease. And, Kim and Han(2004) have demonstrated that the web-based nutrition counseling has effects on food intake and lipids of patients with hyperlipidemia. However, the existing researches for u-healthcare service focus on providing the predefined one-way u-healthcare service. Thus, users have a tendency to easily lose interest in improving life habit. To solve such a problem of u-healthcare service, this research suggests a u-healthcare recommender system which is based on collaborative filtering principle and social network. This research follows the principle of collaborative filtering, but preserves local networks (consisting of small group of similar neighbors) for target users to recommend context aware healthcare services. Our research is consisted of the following five steps. In the first step, user profile is created using the usage history data for improvement in life habit. And then, a set of users known as neighbors is formed by the degree of similarity between the users, which is calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient. In the second step, the target user obtains service information from his/her neighbors. In the third step, recommendation list of top-N service is generated for the target user. Making the list, we use the multi-filtering based on user's psychological context information and body mass index (BMI) information for the detailed recommendation. In the fourth step, the personal information, which is the history of the usage service, is updated when the target user uses the recommended service. In the final step, a social network is reformed to continually provide qualified recommendation. For example, the neighbors may be excluded from the social network if the target user doesn't like the recommendation list received from them. That is, this step updates each user's neighbors locally, so maintains the updated local neighbors always to give context aware recommendation in real time. The characteristics of our research as follows. First, we develop the u-healthcare recommender system for improving life habit such as poor eating habits and physical inactivity. Second, the proposed recommender system uses autonomous collaboration, which enables users to prevent dropping and not to lose user's interest in improving life habit. Third, the reformation of the social network is automated to maintain the quality of recommendation. Finally, this research has implemented a mobile prototype system using JAVA and Microsoft Access2007 to recommend the prescribed foods and exercises for chronic disease prevention, which are provided by A university medical center. This research intends to prevent diseases such as chronic illnesses and to improve user's lifestyle through providing context aware and personalized food and exercise services with the help of similar users'experience and knowledge. We expect that the user of this system can improve their life habit with the help of handheld mobile smart phone, because it uses autonomous collaboration to arouse interest in healthcare.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.61-75
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• 2018

This study aims to verify the effect of green buffers, built as urban planning facilities on the reduction of ultra-fine particulate($PM_{2.5}$) and analyze changes in ultra-fine particles by structure, green volume and planting types of wayside green buffers, thus drawing the factors that can be used when green buffers are built to reduce ultra-fine particulate based on the results. This study selected Songpa-gu, and investigated 16 sites on 5 green buffers adjacent to two of Songpa-gu's main roads, 'Yangjaedaero' and 'Songpadaero'. This study divided all the green spaces into three different types-slope type, plain type and mounding type, and analyzed the mean green volume. As a result of measuring the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$, this study found that it was $55.5{\mu}g/m^3$ on average in winter, which was a harmful level according to the integrated environmental index provided by Seoul City, saying that levels above $50{\mu}g/m^3$ may have a harmful effect on sensitive groups of people. Particularly, the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was $38.6{\mu}g/m^3$ on average in spring, which exceeded the mean concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in Seoul City in 2015. The mean concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ in every investigation spot were $46.6{\mu}g/m^3$ for sidewalks, $45.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for green spaces and $42.9{\mu}g/m^3$ for residential areas, all of which were lower than $53.2{\mu}g/m^3$ for roads, regardless of the season. The concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ for residential areas was the lowest. In the stage of confirming the effect of green buffers, this study analyzed the correlation between the green volume of vegetation and the fluctuated rate of ultra-fine particles. As a result, it was found that the green coverage rate of trees and shrubs was related to the crown volume in every investigation spot but were mutually and complexly affected by each other. Therefore, this study judged that the greater the number of layers of shrubs that are made, the more effective it is in reducing the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$. As for seasonal characteristics, this study analyzed the correlation between the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ for residential areas in winter and the green coverage rate of each green space type. As a result, this study found that there was a negative correlation showing that the higher the shrub green coverage rate is, the lower the concentration value becomes in all the slope-type, plain-type and mounding-type green spaces. This study confirmed that the number of tree rows and the number of shrub layers have negative correlations with the fluctuated concentration rate of $PM_{2.5}$. Especially, it was judged that the shrub green volume has greater effect than any other factor, and each green space type shows a negative correlation with the shrub coverage rate in winter.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2020

Purpose It is intended to figure out the errors derived from changes in depth and volume when measuring the Standard source and ^99mTc-pertechnetate by using a Dose calibrator. Then recommend appropriate measurement depth and volume. Materials and Methods As a Dose calibrator, CRC-15βeta and CRC-15R (Capintec, New Jersey, USA) was used, and the measurement sources were ⁵⁷Co, ¹³³Ba, ¹³⁷Cs and ^99mTc-pertechnetate was also adopted due to its high frequency of use. The Standard source was respectively measured the changes according to its depth without changing the volume, in a range of 0 cm to 15 cm from the bottom of the ion chamber. ^99mTc-pertechnetate was measured at each depth by changing the volume with 0.1 mL, 0.3 mL, 0.5 mL, 0.7 mL and 0.9 mL Respectively. And the depth range was from 0 cm to 15 cm at the bottom of the ion chamber. Results In the case of Standard source ⁵⁷Co, ¹³³Ba, ¹³⁷Cs and ^99mTc-pertechnetate, there were significant differences according to the measurement depth(p<0.05). ^99mTc-pertechnetate has a negative correlation coefficient according to the depth, and the error of the measured value was negligible at a depth from 0 cm to 7 cm at 0.3 mL and 0.5 mL, and the range of error increased as the volume increased. Conclusion In clinical practice, it is sometimes installed differently than the Standard depth recommended by the equipment company. If it's measured at the recommended depth and volume, it could be thought that unnecessary exposure of the operator and the patient will be reduced, and more accurate radiation exams will be possible in quantitative analysis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2004

Ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin in chicken muscle were seperated by liquid extraction and determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. Analysis was carried out using following conditions; Cl8 column (250${\times}$4.6 mm i.d. 5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ particle size), mobile phase composed of D.W. (containing 0.4% triethylamine and phospholic acid): methanol : acetonitrile (800:100:100, v/v/v), isocratic pump at a flow rate of 1.0 $m\ell$/min and 50 ${mu}ell$ of injection volume, fluorescence detector with EX278 nm/EM.456 nm. The calibration curves of four fluoroquinolones showed linearity (${\gamma}$$^2$$\geq$0.999) at concenration range of 0.025-0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The recoveries in fortified chicken muscle represented more than 80% with low coefficient of variation (〈10%) for concentration range of four fluoroquinolones. The detection limits for ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were 23.5, 3.4, 3.0 and 2.5 ng/g in chicken muscle, respectively. We also monitored fluoroquinolones residue in muscle of chickens (broiler 1:227, Korean native chicken 219, laying chicken 77) using EEC-4-plate screening and HPLC conformation methods. Ten(broiler 5, Korean native chicken 5) out of the fifteen samples which were positively detected by EEC-plate screening method from 1,523 chicken meat were confirmed with ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin by HPLC. The ranges of residual concentration were 0-0.12 ppm for ciprofloxacin and 0.01-6.79 ppm for enrofloxacin. In conclusion, our method could be applied effectively to determine four fluoroquinolones residues in chicken meat, and further survey for fluoroquinolones residue in chicken meat are needed for more effective control of fluoroquinolones used in livestock.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1984

This study was performed to obtain the effective selection informations for improvement of quality and increase of yield in red pepper. The eight parents and twenty eight crosses from partial diallel were used as materials for estimation of correlations among the pericarp characters, viz, fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness (fresh and dry) and pericarp weight (fresh and dry), between pericarp weight and seed weight and between pericarp weight and the percent of seed weight/pericarp weight and path coefficients on fresh and dry pericarp weight. Results were as follows. In $F_1s$, fresh and dry pericarp weight had positive correlations with fruit length, fruit width, and pericarp thickness. Fresh pericarp weight was also positively correlated with dry pericarp weight. Dry pericarp thickness had a negative correlation with fruit length but had positive correlations with fruit width and fresh pericarp thickness. Fresh pericarp thickness had a positive correlation with fruit width. Significantly positive correlations between $F_1s$ and mid-parents were observed in pericarp characters. Pericarp weight had a positive correlation with seed weight but had a negative correlation with the percent of seed weight/pericarp weight. In path coefficient analysis, it was found that fruit length, fruit width and pericarp thickness had direct effects on fresh and dry pericarp weight and that fruit length had the largest direct effect in $F_1s$.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

Objectives : The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale-Revised is a recently revised scale which has been reported as a valid tool for the assessment of depressive symptoms. It encompasses cardinal symptoms of depression described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, fourth edition. In this study, we assessed the reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Korean version of the CESD-R(K-CESD-R). Methods : Forty-eight patients diagnosed as major depressive disorder, dysthymia, depressive disorder NOS according to the DSM-IV criteria using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and 48 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. They were assessed with K-CESD-R, K-MADRS, PHQ-9, KQIDS-SR, STAI to check cross-validation. Statistical analyses were performed using calculation of Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, Principal Component Analysis, ROC curve and optimal cut-off value. Results : The Cronbach's alpha of K-CESD-R was 0.98. The total score of K-CESD-R revealed significantly high correlations with those of K-MADRS, PHQ-9, KQIDS-SR(r=0.910, 0.966 and 0.920, p<0.001, respectively). Factor analysis showed two factors account for 76.29% of total variance. We suggested the optimal cut-off value of K-CESD-R as 13 according to analysis of the ROC curve which value sensitivity and specificity both equally. Conclusions : These Results showed that the K-CESD-R could be a reliable and valid scale to assess depressive symptoms. The K-CESD-R is expected as a useful and effective tool for screening and measuring depressive symptoms not only in outpatient clinic but also epidemiologic studies.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.88-103
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to excavate the items of the comprehensive maintenance plan for scenic sites considering sustainability and analyze the needs of them. In this sense, based on 35 reports of the comprehensive maintenance plan established between 2006, when scenic sites started to be designated, and 2017, the items used in 'investigation field' and 'planning field' were examined, and then a survey regarding the needs of the items was conducted using a "5-point Likert Scale", targeting officials at 60 local governments in the whole country. Of 60 local governments, opinions from 48 officials at 45 local governments were analyzed. In order to verify the consistency of their opinions, "Reliability Analysis" was conducted, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.968 and 0.970 for 'investigation field' and 'planning field', respectively, showing high reliability. As a result of the survey, most opinions generally expressed the needs of 6 items of 'investigation field' of the comprehensive maintenance plan. Especially, the needs to investigate 'historical environment', 'natural environment', 'humanistic environment', and 'landscape' turned out to be high. In addition, as for 'general environment' and 'users', the needs of specific items such as 'distribution of main cultural properties and historic sites' (4.04) and 'acceptance of opinions from local residents and interested parties' (4.15) were found to be high. Besides, the items of 'planning field' also turned out to be needed in general (4.0). Particularly, the needs of 'enhancement of designated value and status' (4.26) and 'the comprehensive maintenance plan for designated areas of cultural properties and historic and cultural environment preservation areas' (4.25) in 'historical environment', 'maintenance of historic buildings at scenic sites' (4.28) in 'humanistic environment', and 'landscape trail planning' (4.28) in 'landscape' were found to be high. In conclusion, the practical items related to investigation and planning of the comprehensive maintenance plan for scenic sites are expected to contribute to effective conservation and management of scenic sites in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.332-341
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• 2019

Purpose: Poor nutrition in hospitalized patients is closely linked to an increased risk of infection, which can result in complications affecting mortality, as well as increased length of hospital stay and hospital costs. Therefore, adequate nutritional support is essential to manage the nutritional risk status of patients. Nutritional support needs to be preceded by nutrition screening, in which accuracy is crucial, particularly for the initial screening. To perform initial nutrition screening of hospitalized patients, we used the Catholic Kwandong University (CKU) Nutritional Risk Screening (CKUNRS) tool, originally developed at CKU Hospital. To validate CKUNRS against the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) tool, which is considered the gold standard for nutritional risk screening, results from both tools were compared. Methods: Nutritional status was evaluated in 686 adult patients admitted to CKU Hospital from May 1 to July 31, 2018 using both CKUNRS and PG-SGA. Collected data were analyzed, and the results compared, to validate CKUNRS as a nutrition screening tool. Results: The comparison of CKUNRS and PG-SGA revealed that the prevalence of nutritional risk on admission was 15.6% (n = 107) with CKUNRS and 44.6% (n = 306) with PG-SGA. The sensitivity and specificity of CKUNRS to evaluate nutritional risk status were 98.7% (96.8 ~ 99.5) and 33.3% (28.1 ~ 39.0), respectively. Thus, the sensitivity was higher, but the specificity lower compared with PG-SGA. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.34, indicating valid agreement between the two tools. Conclusion: This study found concordance between CKUNRS and PG-SGA. However, the prevalence of nutritional risk in hospitalized patients was higher when determined by CKUNRS, compared with that by PG-SGA. Accordingly, CKUNRS needs further modification and improvement in terms of screening criteria to promote more effective nutritional support for patients who have been admitted for inpatient care.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1041-1054
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• 2008

This study aimed to identify the severity and types of prostate symptom, to identify the relationship of prostate symptom, sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly in korea, so to provide basic data for developing nursing interventions for the elderly's prostate symptom management. This study used a descriptive correlational research design. The subjects of this study were 100 elderly men over 65yr in an urban city. Data were collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from September 2006 to March 2007. The IPPS, PSQI and SF-36-K were administered. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) 44% of the participants have moderate to severe Prostate symptom(IPSS>7). 2) Prostate symptom has positive relationship with sleep quality(r=.272, p=.006) and negative relationship with health related quality of life(r=-.197, p=.049). The results of this study indicate that prostate symptom is related to sleep quality and quality of life. So it is necessary to give information to the elderly about the effective coping method of prostate symptom and about the life style which have positive effect to prostate symptom.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2022

The mobility and transport of radioactive cesium are crucial factors to consider for the safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste disposal sites in granite. The retardation of radionuclides in the fractured crystalline rock is mainly controlled by the hydrochemical condition of groundwater and surface reactions with minerals present in the fractures. This paper reports the experimental results of cesium sorption to the Wonju Granite, a typical Mesozoic granite in Korea, performed in an anaerobic chamber that mimics the anoxic environment of a deep disposal site. We measured the rates and amounts of cesium (¹³³Cs) removed by crushed granite samples in different electrolyte (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl₂) solutions and a synthetic groundwater solution, with variations in the initial cesium concentration (10^-5, 5×10^-6, 10^-6, 5×10^-7 M). The cesium sorption kinetic and isotherm data were successfully simulated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (r²= 0.99) and the Freundlich isotherm model (r²= 0.99), respectively. The sorption distribution coefficient of granite increased almost linearly with increasing biotite content in granite samples, indicating that biotite is an effective cesium scavenger. The cesium removal was minimal in KCl solution compared to that in NaCl or CaCl₂ solution, regardless of the ionic strength and initial cesium concentration that we examined, showing that K⁺ is the most competitive ion against cesium in sorption to granite. Because it is the main source mineral of K⁺ in fracture fluids, biotite may also hinder the sorption of cesium, which warrants further research.