• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.781-786
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• 1993

Effrctive analgesia after elective thoracotomy can be provided by continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block.This study was designed to prove the effectiveness of continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block. Twenty patients undergoing elective thoracotomy were randomized into two groups. Group I received lumbar epidural block[N=10] and group II received continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block[N=10]. Postoperative pain relief was assessed on Numeric Rating Scale[NRS] and recovery of pulmonary function was assessed by coparison of preoperatrive and postoperative FVC[Forced Vital Capacity], FEV1[Forced expiratory Volume in 1 second], VC[Vital Capacity]. Arterial blood gas analysis[ABGA], vital signs and amount of additive analgesics were compared also. No significant difference was observed between the groups concerning these parameters mentioned above. Systemic complications, such as urinary retention[2/10] and weakness of lower extremity[2/10], occurred in group I but no complication occurred in group II. We conclude that continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block is as effective as epidural block in pain relief and restoration of pulmonary mechanics with fewer comlications. Also because of it`s ease and safetiness, this must be considered as a substitute of epidural block in routine use for thoracotomy pain relief.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.2941-2956
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an effective fragile image watermarking scheme for tampering detection and content recovery. Cover image is divided into a series of non-overlapping blocks and a block mapping relationship is constructed by the secret key. Several DCT coefficients with direct current and lower frequencies of the MSBs for each block are used to generate the reference bits, and different coefficients are assigned with different bit numbers for representation according to their importance. To enhance recovery performance, authentication bits are generated by the MSBs and the reference bits, respectively. After LSB substitution hiding, the embedded watermark bits in each block consist of the information of itself and its mapping blocks. On the receiver side, all blocks with tampered MSBs can be detected and recovered using the valid extracted reference bits. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1989

Bell's palsy is not a serious disease and recovery is spontaneous in more half of the patients, but this recovery is long delayed in many instances and the cosmetic effect of an altered facial appearance is psychologically distressing. The etiology is unknown, but Kettle's ischemic hypothesis has been widely accepted. The aim of treatment is to reduce edema and improve circulation to the facial nerve. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) resulted in abolishing cerebral vascular spasm and in increasing cerebral blood flow. Thus, stellate ganglion block is effective in treatment of Bell's palsy. From 1978 to Oct. 1988, we have treated 222 patients (20 patients were recurred cases) with facial palsy by SGB and analysed the effect of SGB. We noticed that SGB was very effective in early repetitive treatment (90% recovery). This study is reported and the literature is reviewed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an effective dynamic range compression (DRC) method of infrared images. A histogram of infrared images has narrow dynamic range compared to visible images. Hence, it is important to apply the effective DRC algorithm for high performance of an infrared image analysis. The proposed algorithm for high dynamic range divides an infrared image into the overlapped blocks and calculates Shannon's entropy of overlapped blocks. After that, we classify each block according to the value of entropy and apply adaptive histogram modification method each overlapped block. We make an intensity mapping function through result of the adaptive histogram modification method which is using standard-deviation and maximum value of histogram of classified blocks. Lastly, in order to reduce block artifact, we apply hanning window to the overlapped blocks. In experimental result, the proposed method showed better performance of dynamic range compression compared to previous algorithms.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a block LMS algorithm using distributed arithmetic (BDA) and a multi-memory block structured BDA (MBDA). Moreover, we propose an effective VLSI architecture of adaptive digital filter using MBDA, and evaluate the sampling rate and output latency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.30
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• pp.161-165
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• 1994

The shipbuilding industry is one of the domains which need an effective computer application. Particularly the productivity of process planning of a shipbuilding for crude -oil tanker can be greatly enhanced by introducing CAPP(Computer Aied Process Planning). In this paper we describe a prototype expert system which enables block division process planning in shipbuilding. The system determines block division lines of the midship sections of oiltanker. Case-based reasoning(CBR) approach is applied for this purpose instead of rule-based one.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1994

Headache, like low back pain, is one of the most common of pain conditions. Many data suggest that nerve block can be one of effective treatments in managing headache except pure psychologic or surgical origin, because mechanism of headaches have neurologic, vascular or local tissue pathology. We experienced two types of headache; episodic tension-type headache, and benign exertional headache; successful treatment consist of nerve block and modulation of exercise, respectively.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-93
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• 2014

We deal with the design of the effective block logistics operating system in shipyard. The block logistics operation is one of the critical managerial problems in shipbuilding. The block logistics operation in shipyard consists of storage operation for temporary storage in the limited storage area and transfer equipment operation of blocks from the given storage area to next process according to the block production schedule. We propose a design method of block logistics operating system based on the axiomatic design and IDEF0 method. As a result of axiomatic design, system functions are determined regarding implementation sequence. We validated the proposed design by implementation of a block logistics operating system for a large scale shipyard.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.351-375
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• 2019

The present work investigates the use of a rigid rocking block as a tool to reduce vibrations in a frame structure. The study is based on a simplified model composed by a 2-DOF linear system, meant to represent a general M-DOF frame structure, coupled with a rocking rigid block through a linear visco-elastic device, which connects only the lower part of the 2-DOF system. The possibility to restrain the block directly to the ground, by means of a second visco-elastic device, is investigated as well. The dynamic response of the model under an harmonic base excitation is then analysed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the coupling in reducing the displacements and the drift of the 2-DOF system. The nonlinear equations of motion of the coupled assemblage 2-DOF-block are obtained by a Lagrangian approach and then numerically integrated considering some reference mechanical and geometrical quantities as variable parameters. It follows an extensive parametric analysis, whose results are summarized through behaviour maps, which portray the ratio between the maximum displacements and drifts of the system, with and without the coupling with the rigid block, for several combinations of system's parameters. When the ratio of the displacements is less than unity, the coupling is considered effective. Results show that the presence of the rocking rigid block improves the dynamics of the system in large ranges of the characterizing parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.226-229
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• 1998

Background: Treatment for frozen shoulder is various and difficult. It is important for pain clinicians to plan more effective and simpler treatment modalities. Pain clinicians have done suprascapular nerve block(SSNB) for treatment of frozen shoulder, but the effectiveness of treatment has been unsatisfactory. Shoulder joint injection(SJI) using local anesthetics and steroid mixture is a relatively simple procedure. This study was performed to compare therapeutic effects of SSNB and SJI in frozen shoulder. Methods: Eighty patients suffering from frozen shoulder were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 had been treated with SSNB and physiotherapy for 3 weeks. Group 2 had been treated with SJI and physiotherapy for the same duration. Pain scores and treatment results were compared and analyzed at the time of 2 months after treatment started. Results: The VAS scores after SJI were lower than those of SSNB. Therapeutic results according to Haggart's classifications were significantly effective in group 2. Conclusion: These results show that SJI is more effective than SSNB for treatment of frozen shoulder.