• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 고흡수율 폴리머(SAPs)를 포함하는 시멘트계 재료의 자기치유에 대한 습윤/건조 반복 작용의 영향을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 매 주기마다 SAP 함량을 변수로 하는 시멘트 페이스트 시편을 균열 이후 1시간 동안 습윤 조건에 노출시키고(흡수율시험 및 투수시험 진행), 47시간 동안 건조 조건에 노출시켰다. 흡수율시험 결과 SAP 미혼입 시편, SAP 0.5%, SAP 1.0%, SAP 1.5% 혼입 시편의 균열을 통한 흡수율이 각각 1주기 대비 8주기 이후 22.9%, 36.8%, 42.8%, 46.3% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 투수시험 결과 모든 시편의 균열을 통한 물 유출량은 습윤/건조 주기에 따라 점차 감소하였으며, 특히 SAP 함량이 증가할수록 유량 감소율은 증가하였다. 또한, X-ray CT 분석을 통해 균열 내 SAPs의 유입수에 의한 팽윤 거동이 확인되었다. 실험 결과는 SAPs가 유입수를 흡수하여 팽윤함에 따라 유효 균열폭이 감소될 수 있고, SAPs는 흡수한 물을 건조 조건에서 주변 균열부에 공급함에 따라 치유 생성물의 형성을 촉진시킬 수 있음을 나타낸다. 이 연구의 결과는 SAPs의 혼입이 균열의 수밀성을 증가시킴에 따라 시멘트계 재료의 자기치유 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1246-1254
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• 2004

Two separate trials were designed to determine effects of dietary level of whole flaxseed (WFS) on fatty acid composition of serum, and subcutaneous, perirenal, intermuscular, and intramuscular adipose tissues of Korean Hanwoo cattle. Twentyone bulls (trial 1) and 15 cows (trial 2) were assigned to diets containing 0, 10 or 15% WFS. Relative treatment effects were similar between bulls and cows. The proportion of C18:3 in serum and to a lesser extent in adipose tissues were increased by dietary inclusion of WFS, reflecting supplemented lipid composition of WFS that escaped ruminal biohydrogenation. Animals fed WFS had a lower proportion of saturated fatty acids in serum and adipose tissues than animals fed diets without WFS, while the opposite trend was observed in unsaturated fatty acids with little differences between two WFS groups. WFS-fed animals had higher proportions of C18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:3, and 22:3 and lower proportions of C12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 in intramuscular fat than animals fed diets without WFS. Furthermore, feeding WFS increased proportions of both $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 fatty acids but decreased the ratio of $\omega$-6/$\omega$-3 substantially. In conclusion, feeding WFS can be an effective method of increasing absorption of unsaturated fatty acids, and subsequent deposition in adipose tissues.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2002

천연 황색소 생산을 위하여 Monascus anka Nakazawa et Sato IFO 4478(KCCM l1832 strain) 균주를 모균주로 하여 UV 조사 및 NTG(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine)처리 및 이들 방법을 병용하는 방법을 사용하여 모균주와는 색소생성 특성이 다르게 황색소를 단일성분으로 생성하는 변이주를 분리하고 그 특성을 조사하였다. leucine, cystein, aspartic acid, glutamic acid 와 asparagine 등 5종의 아미노산에 대한 영양요구주를 분리하였고 이중 asparagine 영양요구주 Y7은 colony 형태와 균사의 직경에서 약간의 차이를 나타내지만 전형적인 Monascus 균주의 특성을 지니고 있었으며 특히 유성생식에 의한 번식 특성이 강하여 색소 생성에 유리한 조건을 지니고 있었다. 그리고 Y7은 밝은 색조의 황색소를 단일 성분으로 생성하며 10대 이상의 계대배양에서도 색소 생성 특성이 안정하였고 색소 생성량이 모균주보다 약 2.2배 높은 값을 나타내고 있었다. 이때 생성된 황색소는 373 nm에서 단일 흡수 peak를 나타내고 물, 에탄올 등 극성용매에 대한 용해성이 높은 특성을 나타내며 생성된 색소의 대부분이 균체 밖으로 배출되는 특성을 지니고 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1981

This study is to investigate the effective mineralizer in the manufacture of forsterite porcelain as a high frequency insulator. A mixture of $Mg(OH)_2$. and $SiO_2$.($\alpha$-Quartz) corresponding to the molar ratio of 2.0 MgO: 1.0 $SiO_2$ was prepared from the materials of high purity. It was heated to 140$0^{\circ}C$ at the rate of 20$0^{\circ}C$/hr, which was kept constantly for 1 hour, and one has made chamotte after cooling. Six kinds of glasses were prepared by an 0.1 atomic equivalent of K ions substitution-Ba, Bi, Zn, Cd, Zr-to the basic K-glass (0.333 $K_2O$.1.14 $SiO_2$) and were melted approximately at 150$0^{\circ}C$. The forsterite bodies were provided by adding each glass (10, 15, 20, 25, 30%) to the forsterite chamotte, which was fired at 1320, 1360, 1400, 144$0^{\circ}C$. (1 hr). One has examined the physical and dielectric properties for the specimens. The results of the experiments are as follows; 1. As for water absorption: Bodies were better vitrified with an addition and temperature change of Ba, Bi, Zn-glasses. The specimen containing Cd-glass showed deviation of slow decreasing, where as K-glass was completely not vitrified. 2. Bodies containing Ba, Zn, Bi-glasses appeared comparatively high Modulus of Rupture at 136$0^{\circ}C$, while containing Zr-glass had the highest Modulus of Rupture as the addition changes remarkably at 140$0^{\circ}C$. 3. It was estimated that 20-25% glass present in a forsterite bodies were in good conditions as for physical properties. 4. Specimens of Ba, Bi, Zr-glasses were superior as for dielectric properties, where among Ba-glass was most excellent. 5. Dielectric constant commonly increases in a slight gradient as firing temperature rises. 6. The petrographic examination showed that the bodies containing Ba, Bi-glasses had fine crystals, and were observed distinctly large mosaic crystals in the Zn-glass.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2005

Recycled polyol was obtained by glycolysis of MDI-based Polyurethane(PU) rigid foam. The chemical structure of the recycled pclyol was confirmed by GC(gas chromatography) and 1H-NMR. The recycled polyol throughout the glycolysis contained liquid polyol and methylenedianiline(MDA). MDA which could cause liver cancer is carcinogenic material. TWA(Time Weighted Average.) amount for MDA in MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheets) was confined less than 0.1 ppm. The melting temperature of MDA is $92^{\circ}C$, and boiling temperature is $398^{\circ}C$. During the gylcolysis most of MDA was dissolved in liquid polyol. The probability that MDA diffuses into the atmosphere is low but there could be an absorption of MDA into skin. Furthermore because MDA is amine compound, recycled polyol which contained MDA had a difficulty in reaction control of polyurethane. Therefore reduction of MDA amount was needed strongly. In this study the elimination of MDA were performed through deamination of the recycled polyol by glycidyl ether compounds. As glycolysis was proceeded, the amount of MDA was 9.8 wt % at early stage and increased up to 14.0 wt % after 8 hours reaction. It was found that 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether which contains aliphatic moiety was very effective compound for eliminating the primary aromatic amine compound :md the optimal mole ratio of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether to MAD was 3. The final polyol after deamination by 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether has an appropriate viscosity(less than 500 centi poise) for polyurethane reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 1998

Effects of processing variables and MAPP (maleic anhydride polypropylene) coupling agent on the properties of composite were discussed for turbulent-air-mixed woodfiber-polypropylenefiber composites. In this research, density, composition ratio, and mat moisture content were established as processing variables, and emulsified MAPP prepared by direct pressure method was incorporated as the coupling agent. And the turbulent air mixer, which was improved in function through alteration of our previous fiber mixer, was used to mix wood fibers and polypropylene fibers. At the addition level of 1% MAPP, based on oven-dried wood fiber weight, woodfiber-polypropylenefiber composites generally showed enhanced the physical and mechanical properties. And composites with low to medium densities of 0.6 to 0.8g/$cm^3$ greatly increased in these property values than with high densities of 1.0g/$cm^3$ or more by adding 1 % MAPP. Thus, MAPP addition was thought to be an effective way of enhancing properties for nonwoven web composites. At the mat moisture contents of 5 to 20%, however, the physical and mechanical properties were not enhanced by adding 1% MAPP. In the composites containing 15% polypropylene fibers, the lowest thickness swelling and water absorption values were observed at the 1% MAPP level. The addition of more than 1% MAPP had the adverse effect on the physical and mechanical properties of composites.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.158-158
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• 2011

$Cu(In_xGa_{1-x})Se_2$ (CIGS) thin film solar cell is one of the most promising solar cells in photovoltaic devices. CIGS has a direct band gap which varied from 1.0 to 1.26 eV, depending on the Ga to In ratio. Also, CIGS has been studying for an absorber in thin film solar cells due to their highest absorption coefficient which is $1{\times}10^5cm^{-1}$ and good stability for deposition process at high temperature of $450{\sim}590^{\circ}C$. Currently, the highest efficiency of CIGS thin film solar cell is approximately 20.3%, which is closely approaching to the efficiency of poly-silicon solar cell. The deposition technique is one of the most important points in preparing CIGS thin film solar cells. Among the various deposition techniques, the sputtering is known to be very effective and feasible process for mass production. In this study, CIGS thin films have been prepared by rf magnetron sputtering method using a single target. The optical and structural properties of CIGS films are generally dependent on deposition parameters. Therefore, we will explore the influence of deposition power on the properties of CIGS films and the films will be deposited by rf magnetron sputtering using CIGS single target on Mo coated soda lime glass at $500^{\circ}C$. The thickness of CIGS films will be measured by Tencor-P1 profiler. The optical properties will be measured by UV-visible spectroscopy. The crystal structure will be analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally the optimal deposition conditions for CIGS thin films will be developed.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 1976

단백질 섬유인 견섬유에 ceric ammonium nitrate를 촉매로 사용하여 acrylamide 또는 acrylonitrile을 그라프트공중합 하였다. 공중합의 표준반응조건은 세륨염 0.025 M, acryamide 0.5 M, 초산 25%, 온도 30$^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 3시간으로 하였으며 견섬유의 욕비(bath ratio)는 1:200으로 하였다. 이상의 반응조건에서 세륨염의 농도가 0.01 M 일 때와 7% 초산수용액일 때에 그라프트율이 최대로 되었다. Acrylonitrile을 단위체로 사용하면 질산용액에서의 그라프트율이 초산수용액에서 보다 높았지만, acrylamide 사용시와는 달리 그라프트율은 현저히 낮았다. 이밖에 그라프트된 견섬유의 Lowe시약(동-글리세린 수용액)에 대한 용해도, 적외선 분석 및 분자량을 조사하고 호모 중합체의 생성에 대하여 검토 하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2013

고로슬래그는 콘크리트의 적용시 효율적인 가치향상과 관련하는 많은 장점도 있으나, 고로슬래그의 사용량 증대에 따른 부작용도 나타나고 있다. 따라서 고로슬래그 미분말의 활용성 증대를 위해 High Volume Slag를 자극제 종류별, 치환율별, 조강제 혼입율별, NaOH, $Na_2SiO_3$ 혼합사용시, 폐알칼리자극제 혼입율별 특성을 알아보기 위해 실험하였다. 실험결과, 압축강도의 경우 수산화나트륨을 제외한 모든 알칼리자극제에서 치환율이 증가함에 따라 강도가 증진되었다. 알칼리자극제 중 규산나트륨이 동탄성계수와 흡수율 등에서 높게 나타났으며, 조강제의 경우 혼입율 1.5%와 고로슬래그 치환율 75%가 높은 강도증진을 나타내었다. 폐알칼리 자극제의 경우 모든 실험에서 각기 다른 결과를 나타내었다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2019

This paper describes the structural design of a 212 m tall building currently under construction in the Tokiwabashi District Redevelopment Project facing Tokyo Station. In this project there was a requirement to rationally solve many issues arising from the conditions of the redevelopment project. In particular, the following two points were considered to be important from the point of view of structural design. 1) To provide an overhang frame with the perimeter columns on the lower stories inclined, in order to enable a typical floor area that greatly exceeded the limitations of the underground structure shape. 2) To provide high grade seismic performance for the office buildings to be constructed on prime city center land. LSCVCS (Lower Stories Concentrated Vibration Control System) was proposed as the method of rationally designing the overhang frame, which is an extremely disadvantageous element in the structural scheme of the tall building with a large slenderness ratio. LSCVCS is a system to provide effective damping by arranging vibration control devices in a concentrated manner in a lower story with large story height, that produces large deformation in an earthquake. Also, the vibration control devices arranged in the lower story are limited to viscous devices, to take into consideration the residual deformation of the overhang frame after an earthquake. The results of investigations into the specific effects of the system for the seismic design are reported, including Performance-based seismic design.