• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2015

We studied the compact anode design to develop 100 kW rotating anode X-ray tube with large focal spot 1.2 mm, small focal spot 0.6 mm and tube voltage 150 kV for large hospital digital radiography using computer thermal simulation. The larger thermal radiation effect in a high vacuum can reduce the temperature of anode so the method to increase the surface area of anode is investigated. The anode has the multi-tier shape at the back side of TZM body of anode and also bigger diameter of anode. The number of multi-tiers was varied from 6 to 15 and the diameter of anode was also varied from ${\Phi}74$ to ${\Phi}82$. From ANSYS transient thermal simulation result, we could obtain $1056.4^{\circ}C$ anode maximum temperature when applying 100 kW input power at 0.1 second on target focal track which is less than $1091^{\circ}C$ of the conventional 75 kW X-ray tube with reduced anode weight by 15.5% than the conventional anode. The compact anode of reduced anode weight is able to improve the unwanted noise when the rotor is rotating at high-speed and also reduce the rotational torque which the cost effective stator-coil is possible. It is believed that the anode with 15 ea multi-tiers using ${\Phi}82$ can satisfy with the specification of the anode heat capacity. From the results of this paper, it has been confirmed that the proposed compact anode can be used as the anode of 100 kW rotating anode X-ray tube for digital radiography.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 뛰어난 물리, 화학적 특성을 가진 CPA에 CSA를 이용하여 $-SO_3H$ group이 도입된 SCPA를 제조하였다. SCPA의 제조과정에서 반응계의 온도가 $10^{\circ}C$ 이상, CSA의 농도가 0.05mol 이상에서는 정상적인 반응이 진행되지 않았다. SCPA의 이온교환 용량에 따라 Tg가 소폭 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 치환 반응중 분자간 가교결합이나 주쇄의 분해가 일어났음을 GPC를 통하여 간접적으로 확인 할 수 있었으나, 이들 부 반응에 의한 열적 및 기계적 특성 변화는 거의 없었다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.1136-1149
• /
• 2018

With the increasing of urban electricity demand, making the most use of the power cable carrying capacity has become an important task in power grid system. Contrary to the rated ampacity obtained under extremely conservative conditions, this paper presents the various steady value of cable ampacity by using the changing surrounding parameters under operation, which is based on cable ampacity calculation equation under the IEC-60287 standard. To some degree, the cable ampacity analysis of actual surroundings improves the transmission capacity of cables. This paper reveals the factors that influence cable ampacity such as insulating layer thickness, allowable long-term conductor temperature, the ambient temperature, soil thermal resistance coefficient, and so on, then gives the class of the influence of these parameters on the ampacity, which plays a great role in accurately calculating the real-time ampacity and improving the utilization rate of cable in the complex external environment condition. Furthermore, the transient thermal rating of the cable is analyzed in this paper, and temperature variation of the conductor under different overload conditions is discussed, which provides effective information for the operation and control of the system.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2005

One of the most effective methods for utilizing solar energy is to combine thermal solar and optical energy simultaneously using a hybrid panel. Many systems using various kinds of photovoltaic panels have already been constructed. But utilizing solar energy by means of a hybrid panel with concentrator has not been to be attempted yet. Normally if sunlight is directed on the solar cell, and there is no increase in temperature, the absorption energy of each cell will increase per unit area. In a silicon solar cell. however, cell conversion efficiency decreases according to the increasing temperature. Therefore, to maintain cell conversion efficiency under normal condition, it is necessary to keep the cell at operating temperature. we design and make new hybrid panel with cooling system to prevent increasing of temperature on cell, collect effectively thermal energy. We compared performance of new hybrid panel with PV module and thermal panel. We also evaluated conversion efficiency, electric power and thermal capacity and confirmed cooling effect from thermal absorption efficiency.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.546-552
• /
• 1999

In order to obtain the highly effective thermal energy from jacket cooling water of propulsion diesel engines. a development of the Fresh Water Generator (FWG) with a capacity of 30 ton/day was implemented. Newly developed experimental devices and data acquisition system were used to evaluate the performance of the FWG. In this study experiments were performed for various driving pressures by varying the mass flowrate of cooling seawater with or without a heat source instead of jacket cooling water.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2206-2210
• /
• 2007

As a power transmission line supplying power to a densely populated city, the high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable is expected to one of the most effective cables with a compact size because of its high current density. The verification of HTS power cable system have been progressed by KEPRI. A cooling system for a 3-phase 100m HTS power cable with 22.9kV/1.25kA was installed and tested at KEPCO's Gochang power testing center in Korea. The system consists of a liquid nitrogen decompression cooling system with a cooling capacity of 3kW and a closed circulation system of subcooled liquid nitrogen. Several performance tests of the cable system with respect to the cooling such as cooling capacity, heat load and temperature stability, were performed at several temperatures. Thermal cycle test, cool-down to liquid nitrogen temperature and warm-up to room temperature, was also performed to investigate thermal cycle influences. The outline of the installed cooling system and performance test results are presented in this paper.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2016

Power demand has continuously increased with technological and economical development. The load density is also growing in the center of downtown area. In particular, underground facilities have been increased on the purpose of the prevention of urban disasters and pedestrian environment improvement. Based on this situation, the underground space in urban surroundings has gradually decreased because of the limited space. The ampacity of buried cables is affected by various factors such as cable size, soil thermal resistance, burial depth and filling material. The thermal capacity of the facilities is determined by the absorb heat surrounding the cable and the soil. The maximum operating temperature of cable is the highest temperature when the insulator of cable is not damaged in the case of high enough temperature. In this paper, the most effective cabling configuration is suggested using the duct array adjustment. It was also considered to increase the number of cable line. This underground distribution system was simulated by using ETAP(Electrical Transient Analysis Program).

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.444-450
• /
• 2007

The antioxidant activity and isoflavone content of chokong, Rhynchosia nolubilis seeds pickled in vinegar at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks, were investigated. The polyphenol content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacity were lower in chokong than in raw seeds. Based on isoflavone analysis, the aglycone (daidzein and genistein) content was high in chokong while the content of the corresponding glucosides (daidzin and genistin) was similar to that in raw seeds. Thermal processing, in which seeds were heated in vinegar at $121^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, reduced the polyphenol content but did not affect the DPPH radical-scavenging capacity compared to the pickling process. The heated seeds had a 2.6 to 2.7 times higher glucoside content and 51 to 55% lower aglycone content than chokong, depending on the kind of vinegar used. During pickling and thermal processing, vinegars were more effective at eluting antioxidants and isoflavones from seeds than other solutions such as acetic acid, citric acid and HCl solutions, distilled water, and phosphate buffer (pH 7.0).

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2013

최근 국가적 차원의 녹색성장이라는 패러다임 아래 건설분야에서도 자원과 에너지 절감을 위한 다양한 노력이 시도되고 있다. 이러한 방안의 하나로 단열성능이 향상된 콘크리트의 개발을 목적으로 높은 열저장 용량의 장점이 있는 PCM(phase change material)을 다공성의 경량골재에 함침 및 코팅 처리하여 경량골재 콘크리트를 개발하였으며 이를 평가하였다. 그 결과 흡수율이 높은 경량골재는 PCM 함침 및 코팅에 의해 흡수율이 저하되어 높은 흡수율에 따른 경량골재 콘크리트의 품질 저하를 방지하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 함침하지 않은 경량골재를 사용한 경량골재 콘크리트의 열전도율은 보통골재 콘크리트보다 약 33%의 단열성능 향상을 보였으며 함침된 골재의 경우 보통골재 콘크리트에 비해 40~43%의 단열성능 향상이 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 함침된 골재의 경우 비함침 골재에 비해 열전도율이 12~14% 정도 낮아지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2023

This study explored the feasibility of calcium-rich food waste, Mactra veneriformis shells (MVS), as an adsorbent for phosphate removal, and its removal efficiency was enhanced by the thermal activation process. The CaCO3 in MVS was converted to CaO by thermal activation (>800 ℃), which is more favorable for adsorbing phosphate. Thermal activation did not noticeably influence the specific surface area of MVS. The MVS thermally activated at 800 ℃ (MVS-800), showed the highest phosphate adsorption capacity, was used for further adsorption experiments, including kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, and thermodynamic adsorption. The effects of environmental factors, including pH, competing anions, and adsorbent dosage, were also studied. Phosphate adsorption by MVS-800 reached equilibrium within 48h, and the kinetic adsorption data were well explained by the pseudo-first-order model. The Langmuir model was a better fit for phosphate adsorption by MVS-800 than the Freundlich model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of MVS-800 obtained via the Langmuir model was 188.86 mg/g. Phosphate adsorption is an endothermic and involuntary process. As the pH increased, the phosphate adsorption decreased, and a sharp decrease was observed between pH 7 and 9. The presence of anions had a negative impact on phosphate removal, and their impact followed the decreasing order CO₃^2- > SO₄²- > NO₃^- > Cl^-. The increase in adsorbent dosage increased phosphate removal percentage, and 6.67 g/L of MVS-800 dose achieved 99.9% of phosphate removal. It can be concluded that the thermally treated MVS-800 can be used as an effective adsorbent for removing phosphate.