• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was done to investigate sleep patterns and utilization of the charcoal eyepatch In high school students through a survey research. Method: The participants in this study were 80 students in a high school in Seoul. The period of data collection was from July 1, 2002 to 15, 2002. The research instruments used in this study were the measures of sleep and SPSSWIN 10.0 Program was used for data analysis. Result: The students went to bed after 12 p.m., but many of them easily fell asleep within 5 minutes. They woke up quite early at around 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning but remained in bed 1 hour. Satisfaction with their sleep was the response for 38.8% of the students. While 77% napped, they generally did so in the afternoon and 38.8% napped for half an hour. As for quality of sleep, 2.5% of the students could not sleep deeply, and 21.7% woke frequently during sleep. Their sleep environments were calm and comfortable, and they turned off the light when sleeping. The utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep, fatigue and powerlessness in high school students. Conclusion: Utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep in high school students and while the utilization of charcoal is recommended in life, the effect of charcoal must be testified through research.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2018

Objectives : This survey assessed Korean medical doctors' (KMDs') use and perception of smoking cessation therapies in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and their drawbacks. Methods : A total of 14,485 KMDs affiliated with the Association of Korean Medicine were sent surveys via email. They were asked the use and perception of smoking cessation therapies in TKM and their drawbacks: Present use of Korean medicine treatment for smoking cessation, ideal treatment for smoking withdrawal symptoms, advantages and disadvantages of smoking cessation treatments in Korean medicine were asked with closed-ended questionnaire. Results : Two hundred fifty-three KMDs (1.75%) responded to the questionnaire. According to the results of the study, more than half of KMDs (51.4%) answered that they have practiced smoking cessation therapy. The most frequently used treatments for smoking cessation were ear acupuncture (EA) (74.6%) and acupuncture (15.4%), and the most of TKM doctors said that they were the most effective treatments. The advantages of smoking cessation treatment in TKM were the fewer adverse events (53.4%), availability to stimulate acupoints continuously in everyday life (48.2%), and the possibility of controlling withdrawal symptoms. Disadvantages included the long treatment duration and the necessity of frequent visits to the doctor. The greatest disadvantage was the lack of sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of TKM smoking cessation protocols. Conclusions : Despite of the low response rate, the survey results show that the main treatment modalities for smoking cessation are acupuncture, and this was also estimated effective for stop smoking. However, to improve smoking cessation rate, the more various smoking cessation treatments should be developed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

The photochemical characteristics were analyzed in the context of sowing time and different levels of fertilized nitrogen during the maize (Zea mays L.) growth. When maize was early sawn, the fluorescence parameters related with electron-transport, in photosystem II (PSII) and PSI, were effectively enhanced with the higher level of fertilized nitrogen. Highest values were observed in maize leaves grown in double N-fertilized plot. The photochemical parameters were declined in the progress of growth stage. In early growth stage, the fluorescence parameters were highest, and then reduced to about half of the parameters related with electron transport on PSII and PSI at middle and late growth stages. In 1/2 N plot, the photochemical energy dissipation was measured to 13% in term of active reaction center per absorbed photon resulting in decrease in performance index and driving force of electron. This decrease induced to lower the photochemical effectiveness. In 2 N plots, the electron transport flux from $Q_A$ to $Q_B$ per cross section and the number of active PSII RCs per cross section were considerably enhanced. It was clearly indicated that the connectivity between photosynthetic PSII and PSI, i.e. electron transport, was far effective.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

This experiments were conducted to determine the effect of thidiazuron on forming tuberlets and plant regeneration of Pinellia ternata T. by tissue culture. The addition of $5\;{\mu}M$ TDZ to the medium had better regeneration than that of any other treatments of NAA and TDZ. At the combination treatments of NAA and TDZ, as the level of thidiazuron increased, the rate of shoot regeneration was incresed while the increment of NAA concentration inhibited the rate of shoot regeneration. The supplement of $5\;{\mu}M$ thidiazuron produced the best number of micro-tubers per explant and the number of micro-tuber formed was 25 in MS medium and 29 in MG medium on 30 day culture, respectively. Microtuber formation was the best on MG medium with 1.0 mg/l NAA and $5\;{\mu}M$ thidiazuron. MG medium was superior to MS and B5 medium for the growth of tuberlets. Half strength of MS medium with NAA 2 mg/l was the most effective for root formation. Rooting ability on nursery soil of plantlets produced in in vjtro was good as a 80% after 3 weeks.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the awareness and usability of descending life lines and simple descending life lines for fire situations in the accommodation of the public officials who are responsible for supervising the installation and maintenance of descending life lines and simple descending life lines. The main results of the study are summarized as follows. First, in comparison of the ability to distinguish between descending life lines and simple descending life lines, the majority of female public officers in general administrative services do not have the ability to distinguish between descending lifelines and simple descending life lines, so they should be able to improve their ability to distinguish descending life lines. Also, institutional strategies are needed to regularly receive education through the Safety Experience Center in order to prevent safety accidents such as falling in emergency situations. Second, as a result of verifying reusability of simple descending life lines by gender and occupation, most public officers with the exception of half of the firefighting officers were analyzed as having no ability to reuse the simple descending life lines. Therefore, it is necessary to change the relevant laws so that only the installation of descending life lines which can be used continuously is permitted, except for the simple descending life lines among the evacuation instruments to be additionally installed in each room of the accommodation. Third, in terms of the ability to perceive the maximum load of the descending life lines according to occupation, the perception ability of the rescuers was the highest and the perception ability of the fire service personnel was the lowest. In order to improve the perception abilities of the fire service personnel, it is necessary to strengthen the theoretical and practical education of descending life lines in collective education such as the command-enhancing training which is regularly carried out in fire service academy. Lastly, it is believed that it is more effective to conduct the experience training of the descending life lines by imagining the fire in accomodations rather than other facilities, because it is the location where fires are actually seen the most.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2007

Objectives : Depression disturbs the individual life from the loss of productivity to suicide. Furthermore the whole society is also influenced by depression in social and economic areas. Many scientific treatment methods are known to be effective in depression. But in reality more than half of patients with depression prefer self help treatment rather than medically based treatment. For the patients with mild depression and primary physicians, it is reasonable to provide the evidence based self care including self help or alternative treatment. This study is supported by the Korean Health 21 R&D Project for the Depression Center to establish the Korean treatment guideline for depression. Methods : The members of Depression Center including the authors attended the workshops where the methods of evidence based medicine such as literature search, quality evaluation of the articles, making the level of evidence were educated. The professional librarians helped the authors for get the searched articles. Among the total of 354 abstracts of systemic review and 300 abstracts of random controlled trials, 3 systemic reviews and 2 random controlled trials were the main structure of evaluation. Result : Among the 37 self care methods known to be effective for depression, 11 kinds of methods were worth of evaluation. The first step for the self care of mild depression is to use St. John's wort, exercise, bibliotherapy, and light therapy in depression during winter season. Acupuncture, negative ion therapy, massage, relaxation technique are known to be efective with evidence. Music therapy, hypnotherapy, and aromatherapy are known to be effective but until now the evidences is insufficient and further evaluations are needed. Conclusion : Among 11 listed self-care methods, several methods need more evidence especially in Korean situation. Exercise is the most recommendable evidence based self care method in Korea nowadays. St. John's wort is effective with evidence, but it is not the OTC drug in Korea, so it is not recommendable now. For the bibliotherapy, there is no book such as "Feeling Good" in Korea. Only the introductory book about depression is available. Publishing the self help book based upon cognitive behavioral approach or psychodynamic approach is needed. Light therapy is practiced in a few clinics, but not self-help style. Exposure to the sunlight is recommended in the level of commen sense. These self care methods are for the mild patient. Moderate to severe patients with depression should seek the professional treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Purpose Radiation exposure management has been strictly regulated for the radiation workers, but there are only a few studies on potential risk of radiation exposure to non-radiation workers, especially nurses in a general ward. The present study aimed to estimate the exact total exposure of the nurse in a general ward by close contact with the patient undergoing nuclear medicine examinations. Materials and Methods Radiation exposure rate was determined by using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and optical simulated luminescence (OSL) in 14 nurses in a general ward from October 2015 to June 2016. External radiation rate was measured immediately after injection and examination at skin surface, and 50 cm and 1 m distance from 50 patients (PET/CT 20 pts; Bone scan 20 pts; Myocardial SPECT 10 pts). After measurement, effective half-life, and total radiation exposure expected in nurses were calculated. Then, expected total exposure was compared with total exposures actually measured in nurses by TLD and OSL. Results Mean and maximum amount of radiation exposure of 14 nurses in a general ward were 0.01 and 0.02 mSv, respectively in each measuring period. External radiation rate after injection at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients was as following; $376.0{\pm}25.2$, $88.1{\pm}8.2$ and $29.0{\pm}5.8{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in PET/CT; $206.7{\pm}56.6$, $23.1{\pm}4.4$ and $10.1{\pm}1.4{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in bone scan; $22.5{\pm}2.6$, $2.4{\pm}0.7$ and $0.9{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in myocardial SPECT. After examination, external radiation rate at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients was decreased as following; $165.3{\pm}22.1$, $38.7{\pm}5.9$ and $12.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in PET/CT; $32.1{\pm}8.7$, $6.2{\pm}1.1$, $2.8{\pm}0.6$, respectively in bone scan; $14.0{\pm}1.2$, $2.1{\pm}0.3$, $0.8{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in myocardial SPECT. Based upon the results, an effective half-life was calculated, and at 30 minutes after examination the time to reach normal dose limit in 'Nuclear Safety Act' was calculated conservatively without considering a half-life. In oder of distance (at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients), it was 7.9, 34.1 and 106.8 hr, respectively in PET/CT; 40.4, 199.5 and 451.1 hr, respectively in bone scan, 62.5, 519.3 and 1313.6 hr, respectively in myocardial SPECT. Conclusion Radiation exposure rate may differ slightly depending on the work process and the environment in a general ward. Exposure rate was measured at step in the general examination procedure and it made our results more reliable. Our results clearly showed that total amount of radiation exposure caused by residual radioactive isotope in the patient body was neglectable, even comparing with the natural radiation exposure. In conclusion, nurses in a general ward were much less exposed than the normal dose limit, and the effects of exposure by contacting patients undergoing nuclear medicine examination was ignorable.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2016

Purpose: Radio frequency (RF) heating is a promising thawing method, but it frequently causes undesirable problems such as non-uniform heating. This can occur because of the food shape, component distribution, and initial temperature differences between food parts. In this study, RF heating was applied to the thawing of cylindrically shaped pork sirloin by changing the shape of electrodes and the surrounding temperature. Methods: Curved electrodes were utilized to increase the thawing uniformity of cylindrically shaped frozen meat. Pork sirloin in the shape of a half-circle column was frozen in a deep freezer at $-70^{\circ}C$ and then thawed by RF heating with flat and curved electrodes. In order to prevent fast defrosting of the food surface by heat transfer from air to the food, the temperature of the thawing chamber was varied by -5, -10, and $-20^{\circ}C$. The temperature values of the frozen pork sirloin during RF thawing were measured using fiber-optic thermo sensors. Results: After multiple applications of curved electrodes resembling the food shape, and a cooled chamber at $-20^{\circ}C$ the half-cylindrically shaped meat was thawed without surface burning, and the temperature values of each point were similarly increased. However, with the parallel electrode, the frozen meat was partially burned by RF heating and the temperature values of center were overheated. The uniform heating rate and heat transfer prevention from air to the food were crucial factors for RF thawing. In this study, these crucial factors were accomplished by using a curved electrode and lowering the chamber temperature. Conclusions: The curved shape of the electrode and the equipotential surface calculated from the modeling of the parallel capacitor showed the effect of uniform heating of cylindrically shaped frozen food. Moreover, the low chamber temperature was effective on the prevention of the surface burning during RF thawing.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

A study was conducted to investigate in vitro micro propagation of four potato cultivars of Daese, Jasim, Chubaek and Haryeng in MS medium and PM medium (a medium containing half concentration of $NH_4NO_3$ and $KNO_3$, two fold concentration of $CaCl_2$ as compared to MS medium). During $1{\sim}2$ weeks of culture, Daese and Jasim showed better shoot elongation on the solid MS medium than Chubaek and Haryeng whereas Chubaek and Haryeng did better shoot elongation on the solid PM medium. But no difference was observed after 4 weeks of culture. As compared to shoot elongation on the solid medium, it was delayed at early stage of culture in the liquid medium without shaking. Shoot formation ratio of potato (above 4 cm of shoot length) began to increase significantly after 1 week of culture and kept on increasing until 4 weeks. The four cultivars showed the different patterns of shoot growth in bioreactor. The PM medium with a quarter salt strength was effective for the regeneration of axillary buds as well as shoot elongation of Jasim and Chubaek. Daese showed vigorous regeneration of axillary buds in the PM medium with a half salt strength. On the other hand, Haryeng showed slower growth than the other three cultivars.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2017

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels remains unknown. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors regulate post-prandial hyperglycemia by impeding carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine. Here, the effect of C3G on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibition and its ability to ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. ICR normal and STZ-induced diabetic mice were orally administered soluble starch alone or with C3G or acarbose. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of C3G for ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ were 13.72 and $7.5{\mu}M$, respectively, suggesting that C3G was more effective than acarbose. The increase in postprandial blood glucose levels was more significantly reduced in the C3G groups than in the control group for both diabetic and normal mice. The area under the curve for the diabetic mice was significantly reduced following C3G administration. C3G may be a potent ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitor and may delay dietary carbohydrate absorption.