• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1993

This study was carried out to completelycure the experimental bovine theileriasis with small unilamella vesicle liposome incorporated buparvaquone which was effective both to schizonts in lymphocyte of lymph nodes and piroplasmic stage in erythrocytes. Small unilamella vesicle liposome incorporated buparvaquone was prepared by French pressure cell method using egg phosphatidylcholine. The diameter of the vesicles was ranged from 5 to 220 nm, but the most vesicles were ranged from 10 to 50 nm in diameter. The incorporation rate for buparvaquone was 100%. Parasitaemia of the 10 calves inoculated with $5{\times}10^8$ erythrocytes infected with Theileria sergenti were first detected from on day 16 to day 23 after inoculation. In calves treated with a dose rate 2.5 mg/kg BW of free buparvaquone, a gradual decrease in piroplasmic parasitaemia was observed following treatment to day 5. However parasitaemia levels returned to near pretreatment values after approximately 60 days. In calves treated with a dose rate 5.0mg/kg BW of free buparvaquone, parasitaemia were disappeared on day 3 after treatment, but there was a mild recrudescence of infection on day 28 after treatment. In calves treated intraavenously with a dose rate 2.5 mg/kg BW of buparvaquone incorporated in liposome, the calves were all cured on day 2 or day 3 after treatment. In calves treated subcutaneously and intraperiotoneally with a dose rate 2.5 mg/kg BW of buparvaquone incorporated in liposome, parasitaemia were disappeared on day 3 or day 4 after treatment, but there was a mild recrudescence of infection on day 40 or day 45 after treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.290-296
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• 2016

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is considered a mainstay of treatment in parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (PM-RMS). We aim to determine the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for PM-RMS patients who treated with RT. In addition, we tried to evaluate the adequate dose and timing of RT. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with PM-RMS from 1995 to 2013 were evaluated. Seven patients had intracranial extension (ICE) and 17 patients had skull base bony erosion (SBBE). Five patients showed distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. All patients underwent chemotherapy and RT. The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 40.0 to 56.0 Gy). Results: The median follow-up was 28.7 months. Twelve patients (54.5%) experienced failure after treatment; 4 local, 2 regional, and 6 distant failures. The 5-year local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were 77.7% and 38.5%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate was 50.8% for patients without distant metastases and 0% for patients with metastases (p < 0.001). Radiation dose (<50 Gy vs. ${\geq}50Gy$) did not compromise the LC (p = 0.645). However, LC was affected by ICE (p = 0.031). Delayed administration (>22 weeks) of RT was related to a higher rate of local failure (40.0%). Conclusion: RT resulted in a higher rate of local control in PM-RMS. However, it was not extended to survival outcome. A more effective treatment for PM-RMS is warranted.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2002

Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the effective therapy for several hematologic malignancies. Transplantation preparative regimen is designed to eradicate the patient's underlying disease and immunosuppress the patient adequately to prevent rejection of donor's hematopoietic stem cells. So, conventional myeloablative preparative regimens with high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy are related to high rate of morbidity and mortality. However, It has become clear that the high-dose therapy dose not eradicate the malignancy in some patients, and that the therapeutic benefit of allogenic transplantation is largely related to graft-versus-leukemia/graft-versus-tumor (GVL/GVT) effect. An new approach is to utilize less toxic, nonmyeloablative preparative regimens to achieve engraftment and allow GVL/GVT effects to develop. This strategy reduces the risk of treatment-related mortality and allows transplantation for elderly and those with comorbidities that preclude high-dose chemoradiotherapy.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2022

In this study, the radiation dose rate was measured by time and distance and evaluated whether radiation dose rate was suitable for domestic and international discharge criteria. In addition, the radiation dose emitted from the patient was measured with a glass dosimeter to evaluate the exposure dose if the caregiver stays in the isolated ward by placing a humanoid phantom instead of the caregiver at a distance of 1 m from the patient, on the second day of treatment. After 23 hours of isolation, the radiation dose rates at a distance of 1 m were 20.54 ± 6.21 µSv/h at 2.96 GBq administration and 27.94 ± 12.33 µSv/h at 3.70 GBq administration. The radiation dose rates at a distance of 1 m were 25.90 ± 2.21 µSv/h when 2.96 GBq was administered and 34.22 ± 10.06 µSv/h when 3.70 GBq was administered after 18 hours of isolation. However, if the isolation period is short may cause unnecessary radiation exposure to the third person. The reading of the attached dosimeter from the morning of the second day of treatment until removal was 0.01 to 0.95 mSv, which is a surface dose determined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. And the depth dose was 0.01 to 0.99 mSv. On the second day of treatment, even if the patient caregivers stayed in the isolation ward, the exposure dose of the patient family did not exceed the effective dose limit of 5 mSv recommended by the ICRP and NCRP.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2004

A practical methodology for the determination of derived intervention levels (DILs) on relocation following an accidental release of radionuclides was designed based on dose rate on the ground. The influence of DILs was investigated with respect to the change of parameter values, which are dependent on socio-environmental characteristics in distinction from temporary and permanent relocations. The DILs on relocation showed a distinct difference depending on effective removal half-life of radionuclides following a deposition, delay time in measurement and residential characteristics. In particular, the delay time. In measurement was an important factor in determination of DILs in the case of an assumption that dose rate on the ground declines in a power function, not in an exponential function. The DILs showed lower numerical values as longer effective half-life, longer delay time In measurement and longer exposure time.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2010

The precise effects of protein intake on fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of muscle protein are still under debate. The sample size of these studies was small and the conclusions in young and elderly subjects were inconsistent. To assess the effect of dietary protein intake on the FSR level, we conducted a meta-analysis of controlled protein intake trials. Random-effects models were used to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs). Ten studies were included and effects of short-term protein intake were evaluated. In an overall pooled estimate, protein intake significantly increased the FSR (20 trials, 368 participants; WMD: 0.025%/h; 95%CI: 0.019-0.031; P < 0.0001). Meta-regression analysis suggested that the protein dose was positively related to the effect size (regression coefficient = 0.108%/h; 95%CI: 0.035, 0.182; P = 0.009). A subgroup analysis indicated that protein intake significantly increased FSR when the protein dose was ${\leq}$ 0.80 g/kg BW (16 trials, 308 participants; WMD: 0.027%/h; 95%CI: 0.019-0.031; P < 0.0001), but did not affect FSR when the protein dose was > 0.80 g/kg BW (4 trials, 60 participants; WMD: 0.016%/h; 95%CI: 0.004-0.029; P = 0.98). In conclusion, this study is the first integrated results showing that a short-term protein intake is effective at improving the FSR of muscle protein in the healthy elderly as well as young subjects. This beneficial effect seems to be dose-dependent when the dose levels of protein range from 0.08 to 0.80 g/kg BW.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.415-426
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• 2020

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital anomalies of the cerebrovascular system. AVM harbors 2.2% annual hemorrhage risk in unruptured cases and 4.5% annual hemorrhage risk of previously ruptured cases. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been shown excellent treatment outcomes for patients with small- to moderated sized AVM which can be achieved in 80-90% complete obliteration rate with a 2-3 years latency period. The most important factors are associated with obliteration after SRS is the radiation dose to the AVM. In our institutional clinical practice, now 22 Gy (50% isodose line) dose of radiation has been used for treatment of cerebral AVM in single-session radiosurgery. However, dose-volume relationship can be unfavorable for large AVMs when treated in a single-session radiosurgery, resulting high complication rates for effective dose. Thus, various strategies should be considered to treat large AVM. The role of pre-SRS embolization is permanent volume reduction of the nidus and treat high-risk lesion such as AVM-related aneurysm and high-flow arteriovenous shunt. Various staging technique of radiosurgery including volume-staged radiosurgery, hypofractionated radiotherapy and dose-staged radiosurgery are possible option for large AVM. The incidence of post-radiosurgery complication is varied, the incidence rate of radiological post-radiosurgical complication has been reported 30-40% and symptomatic complication rate was reported from 8.1% to 11.8%. In the future, novel therapy which incorporate endovascular treatment using liquid embolic material and new radiosurgical technique such as gene or cytokine-targeted radio-sensitization should be needed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.162-165
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• 2017

Background: It is controversial issue that heparin decreases thrombosis for microsurgical anastomosis, and its effective role is under discussion. This study is for proving whether low-dose heparin is preventing thrombosis in free flap reconstruction. Methods: Through chart reviews of 134 patients, using low-dose heparin for free tissue transfer from 2011 to 2016, retrospective analysis was performed. 33 patients received low-dose heparin therapy after surgery. And 101 patients received no-heparin therapy. Complications included flap necrosis, hematoma formation, dehiscence and infection. Results: In no-heparin therapy group, comparing the flap necrosis revealed 16 cases (15.84%). And, flap necrosis was 6 cases (18.18%) in low-dose heparin therapy group. The statistical analysis of flap necrosis rate showed no significant difference (p=0.75). The results showed that there was no significant difference of flap necrosis rate between two groups. Conclusion: In this study, patients in the low-dose heparin group had no significantly lower rates of flap failure compared with no-heparin group. This suggests that low-dose heparin may not prevent thrombosis and subsequent flap failure to a significant extent.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2007

This research measured the shielding rates of apron 0.25 and 0.5 mmPb for X-ray energy in diagnosis radiation system and gamma-ray energy of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP and $^{18}F$-FDG. X-ray energies were measured on effective energy of $26.2{\sim}45.6\;keV$ when additional filtering plate of 0, 2 mmAl is used within the range of tube voltage $40{\sim}120\;kVp$, and at this time, apron 0.5 mmPb has shown about 5.5% of increase in its shielding rate over 0.25 mmPb at the highest quality. Besides, the aprons of the two types have shown high shielding rate of over 90% for direct X-ray and spatial dose rate. And, in case 0.25 and 0.5 mmPb aprons were used at 140keV of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP, the shielding effects were between 30 and 53%, and at high energy of 511 keV, $^{18}F$-FDG, the shielding effects of apron, $1.3{\sim}3.6%$, were very small.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.238-246
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome of high-dose-rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) in patients with oral cavity cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients with oral cavity cancer treated with HDR remote-control afterloading brachytherapy using $^{192}Ir$ between 2001 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Brachytherapy was administered in 11 patients as the primary treatment and in five patients as salvage treatment for recurrence after the initial surgery. In 12 patients, external beam radiotherapy (50-55 Gy/25 fractions) was combined with IBT of 21 Gy/7 fractions. In addition, IBT was administered as the sole treatment in three patients with a total dose of 50 Gy/10 fractions and as postoperative adjuvant treatment in one patient with a total of 35 Gy/7 fractions. Results: The 5-year overall survival of the entire group was 70%. The actuarial local control rate after 3 years was 84%. All five recurrent cases after initial surgery were successfully salvaged using IBT ${\pm}$ external beam radiotherapy. Two patients developed local recurrence at 3 and 5 months, respectively, after IBT. The acute complications were acceptable (${\leq}grade$ 2). Three patients developed major late complications, such as radio-osteonecrosis, in which one patient was treated by conservative therapy and two required surgical intervention. Conclusion: HDR IBT for oral cavity cancer was effective and acceptable in diverse clinical settings, such as in the cases of primary or salvage treatment.