• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of ankle kinesio taping on the balanced control capabilities of normal adults, stroke patients, and musculoskeletal patients. METHODS: One thousand articles were searched, and 100 of them were selected as taping papers. Subsequently, 33 papers classified according to balance, muscle strength and pain were analyzed according to the effect size and age group. RESULTS: The effect of ankle kinesio taping on balance control was examined by dividing the effect size into three groups according to the type of disease. Studies with normal adults had a large effect size of 1.213, whereas the effect size of stroke studies was .377, which was small. Studies on musculoskeletal disorders had a large effect size of 1.429. All three groups did not include 0 in the 95% confidence interval, indicating a significant effect. CONCLUSION: The effect of kinesio taping on balance control was positive in all subjects, including normal adults, stroke patients, and musculoskeletal patients. On the other hand, in terms of the effect size of kinesio taping on balance control, musculoskeletal patients and normal adults had larger effect sizes than stroke patients.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

The size-effect study of various fracture parameters obtained from two parameter fracture model, effective crack model, double-K fracture model and double-G fracture model is presented in the paper. Fictitious crack model (FCM) for three-point bend test geometry for cracked concrete beam of laboratory size range 100-400 mm is developed and the different fracture parameters from size effect model, effective crack model, double-K fracture model and double-G fracture model are evaluated using the input data obtained from FCM. In addition, the fracture parameters of two parameter fracture model are obtained using the mathematical coefficients available in literature. From the study it is concluded that the fracture parameters obtained from various nonlinear fracture models including the double-K and double-G fracture models are influenced by the specimen size. These fracture parameters maintain some definite interrelationship depending upon the specimen size and relative size of initial notch length.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.401-410
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to reveal the magnitude of the correlation effect between variables related to empowerment of social workers. To this end, 30 studies published in Korea were analyzed through meta-analysis. The results are as follows. First, the overall effect size of the variable group was the median effect size; the job-related positive variables showed the largest effect size among the variable groups, and then came the organization-related variables, the personal psychology-related variables, the job-related negative variables, and the personal background variables in that order. Second, among the factors related to personal background variables, all factors except position were found to have a small effect size, or close to a small effect size. Self-esteem, which is an individual psychologically related variable, showed a medium effect size close to a large effect size. Among the organizationally related variables, organizational commitment and transformational leadership showed a large effect size, and organization culture showed a medium effect size. In addition, job satisfaction, which is a positive job-related variable, showed a large effect size, while burnout from job-related negative variables showed a large effect size, and turnover intention showed a medium effect size.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2001

In this study, the size effect on axial compressive strength for concrete members was experimentally investigated. Experiment of mode I failure, which is one of the two representative compressive failure modes, was carried out by using double cantilever beam specimens. By varying the eccentricity of applied loads with respect to the axis on each cantilever and the initial crack length, the size effect of axial compressive strength of concrete was investigated, and new parameters for the modified size effect law (MSEL) were suggested using least square method (LSM). The test results show that size effect appears for axial compressive strength of cracked specimens. For the eccentricity of loads, the influence of tensile and compressive stress at the crack tip are significant and so that the size effect is present. In other words, if the influence of tensile stress at the crack tip grows up, the size effect of concrete increases. And the effect of initial crack length on axial compressive strength is present, however, the differences with crack length are not apparent because the size of fracture process zone (FPZ) of all specimens in the high-strength concrete is similar regardless of differences of specimen slenderness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to synthesize research findings on the relationship between parenting efficacy and the variables related to it, as well as to produce results using meta-analysis. The following questions guide this study : Which variables are frequently conducted in research related to parenting efficacy? What is the effect size of each variable? The 65 studies whose results are analyzed in this paper were collected via a search for investigations focusing on 'parenting efficacy'. The studies were used for meta-analysis in which eleven variables were selected. The results of the analysis indicate that a large effect size is produced by the parenting stress in a negative direction. A higher than medium effect size occurs on the basis of parenting beliefs in a negative direction. A higher than medium effect size is also caused by the father's involvement in child care and social support. A medium effect size is produced on the basis of children's temperament, and a small effect size is the result of the mother's academic background, parenting knowledge, and parent's income. There is no relationship between parenting efficacy and children's gender.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 1987

In most of the structural members with initial cracks, the strength tends to decrease as the member size increases. This phenomenon is known as size effect. Among the structural materials of glass, metal or concrete, etc., concrete represents the size effect even without initial crack. According to the previous size effect law, the concrete member of very large size can resist little stress. Actually, however, even the large size member can resist some stress if there is no initial notch. This means that the fracture mechanism of very small or very large size member follows strength criterion, but the medium size member follows non-linear fracture mechanics (NLFM). In this study, the empirical models which are derived based on nonlinear fracture mechanics are proposed according to the regression analysis with the existing test data of large size specimens for uni-axial compression test, splitting tensile test and shear test of reinforced concrete beams.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Purpose : This meta-analysis was aimed at guiding future research in stroke treatment and to provide real-world data relating to the effects of aquatic exercise therapy on balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods : We performed a meta-analysis comprising 22 studies involving aquatic exercise therapy performed between 2006 and 2017. A meta-analysis software program was used to calculate the mean effect size, effect size by intervention, and effect size by outcome. We also performed a meta-regression analysis and an analysis of publishing bias. Results : The mean effect size was 0.563. The effect size by outcome was observed to be the largest for the functional reach test, followed by the Berg balance scale, balance equipment, the Timed Up and Go test and one leg standing. Meta-regression analysis showed that effect size increased with an increase in the duration, number, length of exercise session. Conclusion : Aquatic exercise therapy appears to show a moderate effect on balance in patients with chronic stroke. A meta-analysis is warranted for further research to determine the effects of aquatic exercise on walking, muscle strength, and range of motion.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2012

This meta-analysis investigated the effects on arm motor impairment, arm motor function and disability, and psychological aspects of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for upper extremity hemiparesis following stroke, based on Korean studies. A comprehensive search of the complete Korean studies information service system (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korea National Library, and the Korean Medical Database to September 2011 was conducted. Eleven eligible controlled clinical trials compared CIMT to a control group or an alternative treatment. All outcome measures of arm motor impairment, arm motor function and disability, and psychological aspects were pooled for calculating effect size. The overall effect size of CIMT was .700 (95% confidence interval=.482~.918). The CIMT programs showed large effect on the aspect of arm motor function and disability (the effect size is .920) and the psychological aspect (the effect size is .946). The effect of CIMT on arm motor impairment was moderate (the effect size is .588). These results show that CIMT may improve upper extremity motor impairment, function and disability, and psychological aspects following stroke. However, these results were based on a small number of studies, and not all of them were randomized control trials. Additional research is needed to include larger well-designed trials to resolve these uncertainties.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-44
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training using a meta-analysis by effect size. Methods: The effect sizes for each variable and the overall effect size for the collected data were identified. The homogeneity verification of the effect size and the difference among the average effect sizes for each mediation variable were determined. Results: The overall average effect size for CPR training was 1.747. Homogeneity verification of the overall effect size was a Q-value of 3716.962, which was statistically significant (p=.000) when${\alpha}=.05$. CPR training showed statistically significant differences depending on age (p=.002), sex (p=.006), number of trainees (p=.000), research design (p=.000), training method (p=.027), and practical training tools (p=.000). Conclusion: CPR training can effectively improve knowledge, skills, and attitudes about CPR. The results of this meta-analysis contribute to the development of more effective educational guidelines for future CPR training and the advancement of the CPR education field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Recently nano meter size pattern (sub-micro scale) can be machined mechanically using a diamond tool. Many studies have found a 'size effect' which referred to a specific cutting energy increase with the decrease in the uncut chip thickness at micro scale machining. A new analysis method was suggested in order to observe 'size effect' in nano scale machining and to verify the cause of the 'size effect' in this study. The diamond tool was indented to a vertical depth of 1,000nm depth in order to simplify the stress state and the normal force was measured continuously. The tip rounding was measured quantitatively by AFM. Based on the measurements and theoretical analysis, it was verified that the main cause of the 'size effect' in nano scale machining is geometrically necessary dislocations, one of the intrinsic material characteristics. st before tool failure.