• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.431-439
• /
• 2012

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) was carried out to study the nucleation and crystal growth process of $CeO_2$ nanoparticles in different alcohol aqueous solutions. The results showed that the nucleation and crystal growth process of $CeO_2$ can be classified into three stages: nuclei growth, crystal stabilization and crystal aggregation except the initial induction stage, which could be reproduced by collecting simulation results after different simulation time. Properly selecting the sizes of $CeO_2$ and water bead was crucial in the simulation system. The influence of alcohol type and content in solutions, and precipitation temperature on the particle dimension were investigated in detail and compared with the experimental results. The consistency between simulation results and experimental data verify that the simulation can reproduce the macroscopic particle aggregation process. The effect of solvent on the nucleation and crystal growth of $CeO_2$ nanoparticles are different at three stages and can not be simply described by Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory or nucleation thermodynamics theory. Our work demonstrated that DPD methods can be applied to study nanoparticle forming process.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.180-184
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop the best methods to sterilize Moutan Root Bark which is frequently used as a herbal medicine, and known to have high susceptibility to m icrobial contamination. We used dry heat, gamma irradiation and alcohol gas treatment for sterilization, and evaluated these methods in terms of the followings; I) the efficacy of sterilization, and ii) the chemical alteration of a major component of the harbal medicines. Treatment with dry heat effectively got rid of contaminated microorganisms, and did not significantly alter the content of paeonol. However it seriously changed the color and morphology which are an essential criterion to estimate a measure of quality of medicinal herbs. Treatment with gamma irradiation showed a strong sterilizing effect, and no alteration of the content of paeonol, color and morphology. Alcohol gas treatment resulted in similar effects as those in gamma irradiation. Collectively, these results suggest that appropriate sterilizing methods to guarantee the microbial quality of this herbal medicine may be those using gamma irradiation or alcohol gas.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.331-349
• /
• 1996

Cytochrome P45O is an oxidase involved in oxidation of alcohol and is known to be an activator of carcinogen. The present study was performed to study the effect of alcohol and cold stress on the expression of Cytochrome P450 IIEl (CYPIIE1) In the liver and salivary glands in rats by an immunoblot analysis. Sixteen rats were divided into 4 groups; 1)rats belonging to group I were allowed to take 15%(v/v) ethyl alcohol as a drink ad libitum: 2)rats of group II were bathed in cold water for 30 sec twice a day (during the one-week experiment); 3)rats comprising group III were received alcohol and cold stress as described above; 4)rats of group IV were selected as a control. The rat were sacrificed at the end of the one-week experiment. The livers and parotid and submandibular salivary glands were removed and stored at -2$0^{\circ}C$ until use. The stored organs were homogenized for 10 sec and the supernatants were obtained by centrifugation. The proteins of the supernatants were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to Western blotting. The blotted membranes were incubated with polyclonal antibodies to CYPIIEI . The obtained results were as follows : 1. The expression of CYPIIEl was apparently negative in the liver and salivary glands of group IV, wheras its expression was marked in the experiment groups I, II. and III. 2. No difference in the expression of CYPIIEl in the liver and salivary glands was observed between the experiment groups I, II, and III. 3. Among the experiment groups, the expression of CYPIIE1 in the liver was much greater than in the salivary glands. The expression of CYPIIE1 in the submandibular gland was weakly positive but was greater than in the carotid gland.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2001

Background: Many chronic diseases are associated with the lifestyle such as smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise. Attention is increasingly paid on the effect of exercise for the management of chronic disease these days. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of the smoking habit, alcohol drinking and physical exercise of the patients with chronic diseases. Methods: Total 793 persons(normal:422, chronic disease patients:371) in a hospital were questioned regarding the habits of smoking and alcohol drinking, and a practice of physical exercise in 1999. The patients with chronic illness were divided into three groups(Group I included the patients of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Group II includes respiratory disease and cancer. Group III included liver disease). The rate of exercise, the rate of smoking cessation and the rate of abstinence were assessed. In logistic regression analysis with each independent variables in each disease groups (I, II and III, odds ratio for the presence of disease was controlled for age and education. Results: The rate of exercise, the rate of smoking cessation and the rate of abstinence was 31.5%, 27.3% and 9.5% in the patients with chronic disease, respectively. In control group, those were 31.5%, 21% and 2.1%, respectively. In logistic regression analysis with exercise as independent variable, odds ratios(95% CI for age and education were significantly high, with smoking cessation, odds ratio for age was high and with abstinence, odds ratio for disease with high in all disease groups. Conclusion: It was suggested that an effort for proper changes of lifestyle related to disease such as smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise should be intervened in the patients with chronic diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.828-833
• /
• 2000

흰떡과 생면의 저장성을 연장 시키기 위하여 주정 처리와 키토산 처리 및 주정과 키토산의 병용처리를 하여 저장기간에 따른 품질의 변화를 조사하였다. 흰떡의 경우 아무 처리를 하지 않은 대조구는 6일, 주정처리는 27일에 총세균수의 기준치인 $1{\times}10^{6}\;CFU/g$을 넘어섰으며 젖산 1% 용액을 사용한 경우는 20일에 $1{\times}10^{6}\;CFU/g$ 이상이 되었다. 그러나 키토산으로 처리했을 때에는 저장 76일 까지도 총세균수가 기준치 이하를 나타내어 주정처리를 한 경우보다 약 3배 정도의 저장성 연장 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 생면의 경우 대조구와 주정처리구는 7일 만에 총세균수가 기준치를 넘었으며 키토산처리의 경우는 82일이 경과해도 $1{\times}10^{6}\;CFU/g$ 이하의 값을 나타내어 키토산 처리에 의한 저장성 연장 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.683-688
• /
• 1991

단일축 압출조리기를 이용하여 밀가루를 조리한 후 탁주발효용 기질로 사용하여 알코올 수율을 조사하였다. 또한 스팀가열과 비교하여 압출조리에 의한 밀가루 전분질의 분자구조 변화와 효소 민감성에 대하여 gel permeation chromatography(GPC)와 고유점도 측정으로 평가하였다. 밀가루의 GPC patternd은 스팀 가열이나 방출조리에 의하여 크게 변화되지 않았다. 그러나 ${\alpha}-amylase$를 30분간 처리할 경우 압출성형된 밀가루의 맥아당 생산량이 크게 증가하며 GPC pattern도 크게 변하여 저분자 전분질의 함량이 증가하며 고유점도는 감소하였다. 압출성형된 밀가루로 탁주발효를 한 결과 스팀증자된 밀가루로 탁주발효를 한 경우보다 실험실 규모 실험에서는 26%의 알콜생산 증대가 기록되었으며 공장규모 발효에서는 10% 이상의 알콜생산 증대를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한융합한의학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2023

Objectives : Alcohol-induced liver disease advances as to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular lipid peroxidation increase. We examined the hepatoprotective effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome extract (ZR), Pueraria lobata Ohwi flower extracts (PF), and a newly developed herbal juice (HJ), which was a combination of ZR and PF extracts, against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: The study utilized the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells to validate the hepatoprotective effect of HJ (50~200 ㎍/mL) against ethanol (EtOH, 700 mM)-induced liver damage. Results: HJ effectively reduced the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, adiponectin, and AMP-activated protein kinase in EtOH-induced HepG2 cells. The levels of ROS, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, which are the result of various synthesis and lipogenesis processes induced by EtOH in the liver, were reduced by HJ. Furthermore, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, enzymes linked to alcohol degradation, were more effectively downregulated by HJ treatment compared to treatment with ZR and PF alone, all without causing cytotoxic effects. Conclusions: HJ protects the liver by inhibiting EtOH-induced lipogenesis, lowering ROS generation, and improving alcohol degradation, which is more effective than ZR and PF alone. Further, in vivo experiments can offer additional evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and underlying mechanism of action of HJ.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2015

Pueraiae Radix (PR), Pueratia Folium (PF) and Sorbus commixta (SC) mixture, namely GS-SP (PR (1)/PF (2)/SC (0.5): v/v/v) was developed as hangover-relieving elixir and its effects on alcoholic metabolism have been investigated. The enzymatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) of GS-SP was shown higher than those of single treatment with PR, PL, SC, and the positive control group (YM-808). The survival rate of mouse liver cell line NCTC clone 1469 in the presence of acetaldehyde was 30.6, 22.2, and 8.7% at the GS-SP dosage level of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL respectively. Different concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of GS-SP showed efficient activity for ADH and ALDH than YM-808 in rat fed with 25% ethanol. The levels of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde after oral administration of 200 mg/kg of GS-SP showed efficient activity of 11.7% and 37% than those of YM-808. These results have been supported to the potential for GS-SP to serve as an excellent potential in providing hangover relief and liver protection.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.19-39
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlated factors of sexual behavior among high school students in Seoul A sample of 233 male and 248 female high school students were analyzed using cross-tabulation and logit regression models. Correlated factors examined include type of school, level of mothers education, perceived living status of family, whether family has two parents or not, and whether students have ever lived away from the family, whether students received reproductive health education at school and whether they have friends with sexual experience, whether students have ever smoking and alcohol drinking. The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 73% among boys and 55% among girls and the prevalence of smoking was 64% of boys and 40% of girls, whereas the prevalence of sexual activity was 27% among boys and 15% among girls. Risk taking was more prevalent among boys than among girls. Multiple risk taking behavior was common for both boys and girls. Students who did not have two parents were more likely to engage in risk taking behavior than those who had two parents. For both boys and girls, the factor that affects their own sexual activity most was having a friend who was sexually active and having an experience of living away from their family also increases the odds. For girls, the factor that affects having experience of alcohol drinking and smoking. Receiving reproductive health education at school had no effect on students sexual behavior. Much higher risk taking behavior with sexual behavior among students in Seoul implies that the overall prevalence of risk taking behavior among high school students was likely to rise as South Korea continues its modernization. In-school and community health education programs need to be modified to be effective in protecting students from risk taking sexual behavior.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.196-205
• /
• 2010

This study evaluated the effects of carnitine and/or GABA supplementation on immune function, lipid profiles and some vitamins in mice chronically administered alcohol. BALB/c mice were fed with either AIN-76 diet (N), control diet plus alcohol (4 g/kg bw, E), E plus 0.5 g/kg bw carnitine (EC), E plus 0.5 g/kg bw GABA (EG), or E plus 0.5 g/kg bw carnitine plus 0.5 g/kg bw GABA (ECG) for 6 weeks. Administrations of the carnitine and/or GABA prevented alcohol-induced increases in triglyceride concentrations in serum and liver. However, there was no difference among the supplemented groups. Serum vitamin E concentration was higher in mice supplemented with EC and EG, but not in mice given ECG. Phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was increased in EG group compared with E group. The subpopulations of murine splenocyte's TH cells were increased significantly in EC and ECG groups. These data suggest that immune function, lipid profiles and some immune-related lipid soluble vitamins were positively changed by supplementation of carnitine or GABA, but do not show any synergistic effect of mixed supplementation.