• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1233-1235
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze human factors - stress, alcohol, fatigue - of the railway driver in domestic railway industry. This study proposes railway safety improvement of domestic railway by intensively comparing railway safety system overseas to reinforce domestic railway safety. Domestic railways well known the well-organized railway safety culture has brought up safety issues on their process of private management. With this process, also, domestic safety is requested by increasing sense of the safety for general public. This study expects Korean railways to become a well-organized that as removing insecure factors of domestic railway based on result comparing and analyzing the manual, factors and requirements of guideline for internal and external safety culture.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.473-477
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• 2003

An immersion-type on-line refractometer useful for the in-situ measurement of chemical composition and temperature is developed, and its performance is examined by applying the refractometer to known alcohol solution having concentrations between 0 vol. % and 25 vol. %. Because refractive index and temperature are measured simultaneously, it is possible to compensate the effect of temperature for fast and direct measurement. The outcome of composition measurement for the different concentrations of alcohol solution indicates that the device is suitable for the chemical composition measurement by yielding stable and reproducible reading.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause hangover symptoms, such as headache, drowsiness, dizziness, gastrointestinal distress, and anxiety. The aim of this study was to investigate alcohol metabolizing enzyme activities and antioxidant activities of fruit-vegetable juices containing Angelica keiskei prepared using a low speed masticating juicer in vitro. The acceleration rate of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) by A. keiskei-cherry tomato juice (ACJ) and A. keiskei-green grape juice (AGJ) were $163.8{\pm}4.3%$ and $148.2{\pm}6.9%$, respectively. The acceleration rate of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by ACJ and AGJ were $185.6{\pm}9.5%$ and $161.1{\pm}4.8%$, respectively. Total polyphenol of ACJ and AGJ were $111.1{\pm}1.6mg/dL$ and $100.8{\pm}2.9mg/dL$, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activities of ACJ and AGJ were $62.0{\pm}0.5%$ and $61.3{\pm}0.4%$, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that alcohol degrading enzyme activities can be enhanced by fruitvegetable juices containing A. keiskei.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1251-1255
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• 1999

The sugar alcohols are useful alternatives to sucrose in confections because they provide desirable taste but lessen the potential risks for dental caries. The effects of sugar alcohol and their interaction on starch pasting properties were determined by the viscoamylograph with the concentration of 30%, 20%, 10% sugar alcohol in 1% CMC. The disaccharides, lactitol, maltitol, and isomalt, delayed pasting more than did monosaccharides, sorbitol and xylitol. With regard to the solubility in water, sorbitol and xylitol are more soluble than sucrose, maltitol and lactitol are almost equal and isomalt is less soluble than sucrose. Sorbitol and xylitol were highest on gelatinization. But their retrogradation occurred faster than other sugar alcohols. Lactitol and maltitol decreased gel strength more than did sucrose and other sugar alcohols.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1986

Gas sensing materials for detecting inflammable gas such as alcohol, propane, acetic acid, carbon monoxide, hydrogen were developed by utiliting $MgO-Cr_2O_3-TiO_2$ system. Between 30$0^{\circ}C$ and 50$0^{\circ}C$, reversible chemisorption becomes dominant and the electrical canduction of P-type semiconductive with the gas chemisorption. The ceramic sensor exhibits a high sensitivity to particular reducing gas such as alcohol, whereas propane and butane have little effect on the resistivity. The time response of adsorption is estimated to be about 20 sec. On the other hand, the desorption process, which corresponds to oxidation due to oxygen adsorption, take more than 60 sec. Thus the ceramic sensor can be used as a alcohol sensor in an ambient aunosphere. As the oxygen concentration is increased from 0.1 to 10 precent($10^3-10^6ppm$), the resistance decreases rapidly but stabilizes at higher concentration.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2001

A nitrifier consortium immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol was used to remove ammonia nitrogen from synthetic wastewater in an airlift bioreactor. The minimum aeration rates were 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 vvm for 5, 10, 15 and 20% immobilized bead packing volume fraction, respectively. The efficient packing fraction and the aeration rate for ammonia nitrogen removal were 15% and 2.4 vvm, respectively. With a hydraulic retention time of 0.5hr, the removal rate and the efficiency of ammonia nitrogen removal were 1685 g/㎥$.$day and 48% at an influent ammonia nitrogen concentration of 75 g/㎥.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

Small angle light scattering and field emission scanning electron microscope have been used to quantify the kinetics of liquid-liquid separation behavior during water vapor(RH52%[$\pm$3%] at 27$^{\circ}C$) quenching (non-solvent induced phase separation, NIPS) of polysulfone/NMP/Alcohol and CPVC/THF/Alcohol, respectively. Time dependence of the position of the light scattering maximum was observed at polysufone dope solutions, confirming spinodal secomposition (SD). while CPVC dope solutions showed a decreased scattered light intensity with a increased q-valuel, indicating nucleation & growth (NG). For the each system, domain growth rate in the intermediate and late stage of phase separation decreased with increasing the number of carbon of alcohol used as additive (non-solvent). Also, in the early stage for SD, the scattering intensity with time was in accordance with Cahns linear theory of spinodal decomposition,[1-3] regardless of types of non-solvent additive.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.529-538
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of ethanol on $Na^+ -dependent$ phosphate $(Na^+-P_i)$ uptake in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established renal proximal tubular cell line. Ethanol inhibited ^Na^+-dependent$ component of phosphate uptake in a dose-dependent manner with $I_{50}$ of 8.4%, but it did not affect $Na^+-independent$ component. Similarly, ethanol inhibited $Na^+-dependent$ uptakes of glucose and amino acids (AIB, glycine, alanine, and leucine). Microsomal $Na^+-K^+-ATPase$ activity was not significantly altered when cells were treated with 8% ethanol. Kinetic analysis showed that ethanol increased $K_m$ without a change in $V_{max}$ of $Na^+-P_i$ uptake. Inhibitory effect of n-alcohols on $Na^+-P_i$ uptake was dependent on the length of the hydrocarbon chain, and it resulted from the binding of one molecule of alcohol, as indicated by the Hill coefficient (n) of 0.8-1.04. Catalase significantly prevented the inhibition, but superoxide dismutase and hydroxyl radical scavengers did not alter the ethanol effect. A potent antioxidant DPPD and iron chelators did not prevent the inhibition. Pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, did not attenuate ethanol-induced inhibition of $Na^+-P_i$ uptake, but it prevented ethanol-induced cell death. These results suggest that ethanol may inhibit $Na^+-P_i$ uptake through a direct action on the carrier protein, although the transport system is affected by alterations in the lipid environment of the membrane.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1723-1727
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• 2004

We investigated the activity and stability of alcohol dehydrogenase from horse liver (HLADH) under the electric stimulation. The activity and stability of alcohol dehydrogenase depended on electric output voltaqe, stimulation time, pulse duration and pulse interval, and temperature. HLADH retained about 23% of its activity in buffer but 78% in 10% trehalose solution under electric stimulation with 10V, 10min, The stabilizing of enzymes against electric stimulation by stabilizing additives showed a great potential use of enzymes in biotechnology and medical engineering fields.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 2018

Alcohol intake is known to affect various organs in the human body, causing reduction of salivation in the oral cavity. Hypo-salivation effect of alcohol is a common feature, but the mechanism in salivary glands is still poorly studied. Therefore, in this study, the changes in salivary secretion and water channel protein (aquaporin5, AQP5) in salivary glands of mice were investigated after ethanol administration. Animals were divided in to 4 groups with the control, 4 g/kg ethanol, 8 g/kg ethanol and 16 g/kg ethanol administration groups. One hour after ethanol administration, saliva was collected from the oral cavity, and the animals were killed and parotid and submandibular glands were extracted to analyze the histopathology, AQP5 immunihistochemistry and AQP5 protein level. According to the results, the salivation rate decreased irrespective of the ethanol dose in mice, and viscosities increased with increase in ethanol dose. However, there were no pathological changes in parotid and submandibular glands due to ethanol administration. Expression of AQP5 in parotid and submandibular glands decreased with increase ethanol administration These results indicate that the reduction of salivary secretion due to acute alcohol intake is closely related to decrease of the water channel protein such as AQP5 in parotid glands and submandibular glands, rather than the damage of salivary glands.