• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.237-248
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• 2007

Objectives : Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Iksujisundan has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Iksujisundan on renal function, peroxynitrite(ONOO-) scavenging activity and polyol pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : The crushed Iksujisundan was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 87.8g. Iksujisundan extract was orally administreted at 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin(60mg/kg). The effects of Iksujisundan extract on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were observed by measuring the serum level of glucose, insulin, lipid components, creatinine and BUN, and also the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical(${\cdot}$O2-), nitric oxide(NO) and ONOO-, and also the enzyme activities involved in the polyol pathway. Results : The effects of Iksujisundan on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose and indulin levels, creatinine and BUN levels, total cholesterol and triglyceride lavels, and HDL-cholesterol levels were all shown to be good enough to prevent and cure the diabetes and its complications. Iksujisundan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}$O2-,NO and ONOO- in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were reversed toward natural activities. Conclusions : Iksujisundan might inhibit the development of diabetes and its complications by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby by reducing oxidative stresses and also by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, all of which could help to recover kidney function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2570-2578
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• 2012

We investigated whether coffee and green tea consumption reduced the risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Participants were 5,283 adults, aged 19-79 years, in the Third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with excessive alcohol consumption, overweight, viral hepatitis, metabolic syndrome. Increased coffee and green tea consumption was not associated with decreased serum ALT. However, amount of coffee consumption had negative correlation with serum AST activity. Moreover, coffee consumption reduced the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (p for trend <0.001). Hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia was involved as subgroup of metabolic syndrome. Comparing persons who drank more than 2 cups per day with less than 1 cup per day, the prevalence of all subgroups was declined significantly. In this large, national, population-based study, consumption of coffee was associated with lower the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2018

The objective of this article is to provide analytical tools for the scattering of stratum corneum (SC) and to check whether the optical clearing agents (OCAs) could be applied in optics affecting the scattering reduction. Dark field images of tape striped corneocyte separates scattered light of the SC from others in vitro. Several optical clearing agents were tested to reduce the scattering. Physical properties of SC such as water contents, keratin configuration and volume after OCAs treatment were investigated by FT-IR and 3D laser microscope. Several reducing sugars, monomeric sugars, sugar alcohol, and hyaluronic acid, which were used as humectants in cosmetic field, also reduced scattering. However, unlike dehydration in optics, water penetrated into the keratin in SC and scattering was decreased at low concentration of OCAs. In that condition, the volume of corneocyte was increased and stiffness seemed to decrease. The analyzing of tape-stripped SC, showed the change of optical and physical properties of corneocyte by optical clearing agents. The hydration of SC layer by optical clearing agents decreased the scattering of corneocyte and thus improved the skin appearance and moisturizing effect, which are important benefits in the cosmetic field and could provide new possibility to develop skin care study targeting at SC.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.419-426
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• 2004

The nano-ceramide capsulation is a technique that capsulates ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate at the mono-vesicle to act on the horny layer in skin. In this technique, $0.5{\~}5.0\;wt\%$ of hydrogenated lecithin and $0.01{\~}2.00\;wt\%$ of lysolecithin are used as the membrane-strengthen agents of the mono-vesicle and $5.0{\~}10.0\;wt\%$ of propylene glycol and $5.0{\~}10.0\;wt\%$ of ethyl alcohol are used as solvents. Active ingredients such ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate are utilized to enhance the moisturizing efficacy and treat atopy skin. These materials do not contain synthetic emulsifiers. The optimal conditions or nano-ceramide capsulation are such that particles pass Microfludizdizer 3 times at 1,000 bar and $60{\~}70^{\circ}C$ and pH of nano capsules is $5.8{\pm}0.5.$ The average size of particles is $63.1{\pm}7.34\;nm$ showing lucid state like water by the laser light scattering. A zeta potential value is $-55.1\pm0.84\;mV.$ Through clinical tests, the moisturizing effect (in-vivo, n=8, p-value<0.05) showed $21.15\%$ of improvement comparison to comparison-samples and $36.31\%$ of improvement compared to the state before treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of atopy skin showed positive reaction from 10 volunteers.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.567-571
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose was to assess the usefulness of midazolam in patients undergoing minor oral surgery under conscious sedation. Materials and methods: Bispectral index was examined in 20 patients receiving oral minor surgery with conscious sedation supplemented with local anesthesia. All patients included were ASA I and had no contraindications to the study medications. The patients were escorted to the day surgery operation room where, before the commencement of the sedation and surgical procedures, routine monitoring was applied, including the noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and 3-lead electrocardiogram (Electrocardiogram). Bispectral index electrodes were applied on the frontotemporal region after cleansing the skin with alcohol. Bispectral index was calculated with the Electrocardiogram monitor (A-2000; Aspect Co.). Midazolam was then titrated (initially 3mg wait 2min and 2mg). Vital sign and Bispectral index checked every 5 minute until the end of the procedure. The results were then compared. Results: The Bispectral index index values throughout the sedation study period alter many level. The index was dropped at 5 minutes after administration, but raised at injection and odontomy procedure. During the operation, mean Bispectral index index was higher than conscious sedation index range($60{\sim}80$). The amnesic effect was shown 17 cases out of 20 cases(85%). Conclusion: Conscious sedation technique using midazolma is a safe and effective method of controlling behavior in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.546-551
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• 2007

The physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of Jinyangju were investigated at different degrees of milling (DOM; 0, 5, 7, and 10%) of waxy glutinous rice after 2 weeks of fermentation. The final pH values were 3.50, 3.84, 4.16, and 4.21 at the DOMs of 0, 5, 7, and 10%, respectively. The final total acidities were 1.21, 1.16, 0.94, and 0.91%; final total sugar contents were 6.38, 6.51, 5.54 and 5.40%; and final alcohol contents were 14.50, 14.50, 15.50, and 15.40%, respectively. Hunter L-value of the DOM 5% rice was lower those of the DOM 7% and 10% rice, but its Hunter b-value was higher than those of the DOM 7% and 10% rice. However, Hunter a-value of the Jinyangju were not significantly different among the samples (p>0.05) Hunter L-value. The Jinyangju made with the DOM 7% rice showed the highest overall sensory preference.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.599-611
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of food behavior on dietary food intake status and health condition based on research of food behavior and nutritional intake status of university students in the Chungnam area. The average age, height, and weight of the subject group were 22.1 years old, 174.2 cm, and 67.0 kg for the male students and 20.9 years old, 161.8 cm, and 53.4 kg for the female students, respectively. From the nutritional intake status data, the averaged daily energy intake of both groups, male and female, are lower than the dietary reference intake(KDRI), as 2,169.2 kcal and 1,846.2 kcal, males and females, respectively. The lipid intake ratio was higher than the dietary reference figure, and the carbohydrate intake ratio was determined to be in the proper range. Male students(54.6%) and female students(52.0%) of the entire subject group skipped a breakfast mainly due to insufficient time, and the time at which meals were consumed, was determined to be irregular generally. In a day, male and female students have a heavier dinner than lunch(p<0.05), respectively. Meat and fishes are preferred by the entire subject group, and the number of students, who do not eat carrot and mayonnaise(p<0.05), was determined to be the highest, of all foods surveyed. The averaged daily activity coefficient and the resting energy expenditure shows significant difference(p<0.001) between two groups; was 1.7 and 1.6 and the second was 1,404.3 kcal/day and 1,292.5 kcal/day for the male and female groups, respectively. As the number of attempting to reduce body weight(p<0.001), the amount smoking(p<0.001), or the frequency of drinking alcohol increases, BMI decreases. On the other hand, as body shape satisfaction increases, BMI increases also.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.538-546
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• 2016

Kochujang was prepared by replacement of rice (25%, control) with pumpkin or purple sweet potato by 0. 5, 10, and 15% (total addition ratio of rice and sweet potato=25% of sample). Effects of the addition of sweet potato on physiochemical properties of fermented Kochujang were investigated. Viable cells of yeast decreased in the sweet potato-added Kochujang at the later stage of fermentation, while there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria among the test groups. As the addition ratio sweet potato increased, ${\alpha}$-amylase activity increased while protease activity decreased. Hunter L, a, and b values of Kochujang prepared with purple sweet potato were lower than those with pumpkin sweet potato. Changes in ${\Delta}E$ value was greater in Kochujang prepared with pumpkin sweet potato than that with purple sweet potato. Oxidation-reduction potential and water activity were higher in sweet potato-Kochujang than control, but reducing sugar content was higher in control. Alcohol and amino-type nitrogen contents were higher in Kochujang prepared with pumpkin sweet potato than that with purple sweet potato, but it was not significant. Overall sensory acceptability was highest in Kochujang prepared with 10% of purple sweet potato while that with 15% pumpkin sweet potato was the least preferred.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.97-104
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• 2020

The Purpose of this paper was to explore the effect of hearing impairment on HRQOL in Korean elders. We carry out a cross-sectional analysis using nationally representative data from the KNHANES, 2018. A total of 528 elders who had hearing impairment were included. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, χ²-test, t-test, correlation, and regression analysis to confirm the quality of life, and the influencing factors. There were significant differences in HRQOL according to gender, age, education, marital status, income, occupation, number of household members, tinnitus, number of comorbidities, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, subjective health status, regular exercise, restriction of activity, depressive mood and perceived stress. The results indicated that age, BMI and number of comorbidities had a significant negative association with HRQOL. In addition, marital status, number of comorbidities, body mass index, subjective health status, regular exercise, restriction of activity and perceived stress were predictors of life quality in elders with Hearing Impairment and the variable in the health-related quality of life was explained by 37.3%. In order to improve the HRQOL of elders with hearing impairment, multidisciplinary efforts and development of educational programs are required.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1078-1087
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• 2020

The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral administration for 30 days of the Jijang kimchi extracts on prevention of diabetes, alcoholic liver injury and reduction of blood lipids in laboratory rats with alcoholic liver injury and diabetes induced by streptozotocin. In a diabetic model animals, the blood lipid profile, ALT, and AST levels were lower in kimchi extract groups compared to DC (diabetes control) group, and blood glucose level of DCJK (DC+oral administration with Jijang kimchi extracts) group was lower than that of DCCK (DC+oral administration with commercial kimchi extracts) group. Insulin levels were increased in order of NC (normal control), DCJK > DCCK > DC groups. In alcoholic liver injury model animals, ALT, AST and bilirubin were lowed in order of AC (alcohol group received 1 bottle of soju) > ACCK (1 bottle of soju plus oral administration with commercial kimchi extracts) ACJK (AC plus oral administration with Jijang kimchi extracts) > NC groups. In the clinical pathologic findings of liver tissue, AC group was severely injured, and tended to be improved in groups eating a 1 bottle of soju plus oral administration with kimchi extracts, especially Jijang kimchi extract group. The results suggest that eating Jijang kimchi can improve insulin secretion ability while lowering blood lipid profile, blood sugar and ALT, AST, and bilirubin levles in diabetic and alcoholic liver injury model animals.