• 대한화학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 1988

알카리토류 금속-구리-산화아연계 촉매위에서 메탄올-물혼합물이 이산화탄소와 수소로가는 반응을 150$^{\circ}C$${\sim}\;300^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 연구하였다. 일반적으로 구리-아연계 촉매에 알카리토류 금속이 첨가되면 촉매의 활성도는 감소하고 이산화탄소 생성에 대한 선택성은 증가했다. 마그네슘-구리-산화아연 촉매에서는 200$^{\circ}C$부터, 바륨-구리-산화아연계 촉매에서는 250$^{\circ}C$부터 촉매활동을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그리고 250$^{\circ}C$에서 이산화탄소 형성에 대해 가장 높은 선택성을 나타낸 촉매는 바륨-구리-산화아연계 촉매이다. 알카리토류 금속과 산화아연이 반응성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 이들 촉매에 대해 각각 이산화탄소-승온탈착 실험과 수소-승온환원 실험을 실시하였다. 산화마크네슘, 산화칼슘, 산화바륨의 순서로 이산화탄소와의 상호작용이 증가하였으며, 산화아연은 산화구리의 환원온도를 감소시키는 작용을 했다. 이들 결과들로부터 산화아연은 구리의 산화환원과정에서 수소를 활성화시키는 역할을 하며, 알카리토류 금속은 이산화탄소를 흡착한다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.720-725
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• 2011

금속질산염과 염화금산을 전구체로 사용하여 다양한 금속산화물($$Al_{2}O_{3}$, ZnO, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, $Cr_{2}O_{3}$, $MnO_{2}$, CuO, NiO, $Co_{3}O_{4}$)에 담지된 금촉매를 공침법을 이용하여 제조한 후, 일산화탄소 산화반응에서 수분첨가의 영향을 검토하였다. 이들 중 $Co_{3}O_{4}$와 ZnO에 담지된 금촉매가 일산화탄소에 대하여 높은 활성을 보여주었다. 반응가스 중에 수분이 첨가될 때 Au/$Co_{3}O_{4}$ 촉매는 활성이 약간 감소하였으나, Au/ZnO 촉매에서는 활성이 크게 증가하여 수분에 의한 일산화탄소 산화 활성은 담체의 종류에 크게 의존함을 알 수 있었다. 반응가스 중에 포함된 수분에 관계없이 반응 전과 후의 Au(5 wt%)/ZnO 촉매의 금입자 크기는 거의 변하지 않아 활성이 감소되는 이유는 금입자들의 소결에 의한 영향보다는 카보네이트와 같은 화학종에 의해 불활성화가 일어남을 알 수 있었으며, 이 화학종은 수분의 첨가에 의해 이산화탄소로 분해되어 활성이 증가한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.688-688
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• 2013

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films have attracted a lot of attention as a cheap transparent conducting oxide (TCO) material that can replace the expensive Sn-doped In2O3. In particular, AZO thin films are widely used as a window layer of chalcogenide-based thin film solar cells such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). Mostly important requirements for the window layer material of the thin film solar cells are the high transparency and the low sheet resistance, because they influence the light absorption by the activelayer and the electron collection from the active layer, respectively. In this study, we prepared the AZO thin films by RF magnetron sputtering using a ZnO/Al2O3 (98：2wt%) ceramic target, and the effect of the sputtering condition such as the working pressure, RF power, and the working distance on the optical, electrical, and crystallographic properties of the AZO thin films was investigated. The AZO thin films with optimized properties were used as a window layer of CZTS thin film solar cells. The CZTS active layers were prepared by the electrochemical deposition and the subsequent sulfurization process, which is also one of the cost-effective synthetic approaches. In addition, the solar cell properties of the CZTS thin film solar cells, such as the photocurrent density-voltage (J-V) characteristics and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) were investigated.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.327-327
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• 1999

The oxidation behavior of 60%Cu-40%Zn brass haying small amounts of Zr, Cr, Mg, Al, and Si was studied between 873 and 1043 K in air. The alloying element of Mg was harmful, while other alloying elements were beneficial to oxidation resistance. Particularly, the simultaneous addition of Al and Si decreased the oxidation rate drastically. During oxidation, Zr formed ZrO₂, Cr formed CuCr₂O₄, Mg formed MgO, Al formed A1₂CuO₄, and Si formed amorphous SiO₂. These oxides were incorporated in the oxide scale composed predominantly of ZnO. The oxide scales formed on all the tested alloyswere prone to cracking, wrinkling, and spallation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

This research was conducted to estimate the effect of sonication and reducing agent addition on soil washing of heavy metals-contaminated soil. Sonication trained in soil washing did not significantly increased extraction efficiency of heavy metal compared to soil washing only. The extraction efficiency of sonication trained in soil washing was 12% increased for Pb in 0.01M EDTA leaching solution. Pb and Cd showed higher extraction efficiency in case of reducing agent treatment with mechanical shaking than that with sonication. However, the extraction efficiency of Cu and Zn in case of reducing agent treatment with sonication was over 2 times higher than that in with soil washing. Therefore, application of reducing agent addition with sonication or mechanical shaking should be decided differently for pretreatment of soil washing, according to the kind of heavy metal. It was estimated that sonication after adding reducing agent could increase removal efficiency of Zn or Cu-contaminated soil and shorten the treatment time.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2000

본 연구는 용액의 처리조건에 따른 미처리 수피에 의한 중금속 흡착을 연구하기 위하여 계획되었다. 흡착에 미치는 용액의 온도와 pH, 수피의 입자크기, 경금속 첨가의 영향이 연구되었고, 또한 중금속간의 흡착경쟁도 평가되었다. 용액의 온도를 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 $10^{\circ}C$까지 증가시킴에 따라 $Cu^{2+}$와 $Zn^{2+}$의 흡착율이 증가하였다. 그러나, 이 흡착은 $10^{\circ}C{\sim}55^{\circ}C$에서는 거의 일정하였다. $Cr^{6+}$은 용액의 온도를 증가시킴에 따라 계속적으로 증가하였다. $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ 및 $Pb^{2+}$의 최대 흡착율은 pH 6~7에서 나타났다. 그러나, 이 흡착율은 최적 pH 의 양 영역에서는 급격하게 감소하였다. $Cr^{6+}$의 흡착율은 용액의 pH를 증가시킴에 따라 계속적으로 감소하였다. 수피의 입자크기가 작을수록 흡착율은 감소하였다. 소나무 수피와 상수리나무 수피 간의 흡착 경향은 차이가 거의 없었다. $Ca^{2+}$이나 $Mg^{2+}$(10~25 ppm)의 첨가에 의해 $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$의 흡착율이 증가되었다. 흡착율의 증가는 소나무 수피보다 상수리나무 수피에서 더 높았다. 그러나 $Pb^{2+}$와 $Cr^{6+}$은 경금속의 첨가에 영향을 받지 않았다. 2~3종류의 중금속 혼합용액 ($Cu^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$)을 미처리 수피로 처리할 경우, $Zn^{2+}$의 흡착은 중금속 이온간의 흡착경쟁 때문에 현저하게 감소되었다. 또한, $Cu^{2+}$의 흡착도 다소간 감소되었다. 그러나 $Pb^{2+}$의 흡착은 다른 중금속 이온의 존재에 의해서 영향받지 않았다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 1993

The room temperature fluorescence induction of chloroplasts was utilized as a probe to locate the site of inhibition by mercury, copper and zinc on PS II by mercury. Inhibitory effect of Hg2+ on electron transport activity was notable as compared with Cu2+ and Zn2+. At concentrations of HgCl2 over 50 $\mu$M, activities of PS II and whole-chain electron transport decreased more than 70%, while that of PS I decreased about 10~30%. This suggests that PS II is more susceptible to Hg2+ than PS I is. In the presence of diphenylcarbazide (DPC), 50 $\mu$M HgCl2 inhibited the reduction of dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) about 50%. Addition of heavy metals induced marked decrease in maximal variable fluorescence/initial fluorescence [(Fv)m/Fo], but no changes in Fo. With various concentrations of heavy metals, changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence emitted by PS II showed gradual decrease in photochemical quenching (qQ), which indicates an increase in reduced state of electron acceptor, QA. Especially, the addition of HgCl2 caused a notable decrease of qQ. In the presence of 50 $\mu$M CuCl2, energy-depended quenching (qE) was completely reduced, whereas in the presence of 50 $\mu$M CuCl2 and ZnCl2 it was still remained. The above results are discussed on the effects of mercury in relation to water-splitting system and plastoquinone (PQ) shuttle system.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2013

Studies were carried out on the speciation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during rotary drum composting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for a period of 20 days. Five different proportions of cattle manure, water hyacinth and sawdust were prepared for composting. This study concluded that, rotary drum was very efficient for the degradation of organic matter as well as for the reduction of mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals during water hyacinth composting. The results from the sequential extraction procedure of heavy metals shows that rotary drum composting changed the distribution of five fractions of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr. The highest reduction in the bioavailability factors of Pb and Cd was observed during the process. The total concentration of Cu, Cr, and Cd was very low compared to the other metals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Pb); however, the percentage of exchangeable and carbonate fractions of these metals was similar to other metals. These results confirmed that the bioavailability of metals does not depend on the total concentration of metals. From this study, it can be concluded that the addition of an appropriate proportion of cattle manure significantly reduced the mobile and easily available fractions (exchangeable and carbonate fractions) during water hyacinth composting in rotary drum.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2005

전자 부품에 인체에 유해한 납을 사용하지 않기 위해서 Sn을 주 원소로 한 무연 솔더 합금의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 무연 솔더 합금의 열역학적, 기계적 특성은 많이 연구되었으나 산화 거동에 대해서는 거의 연구가 되어있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Sn 및 Sn-0.7Cu, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-lZn, Sn-9Zn 합금에 대해 $150^{\circ}C$ 산화 거동을 연구하였다. 전기화학적 환원 분석을 통해 표면에 형성된 산화물의 종류와 양을 분석하여 합금 원소에 따른 산화 거동을 비교하였고 XPS 표면분석을 통하여 환원 실험 결과를 뒷받침하였다. 또한 합금 원소에 따른 산화물 성장 속도를 비교하였다. Sn-0.7Cu 와 Sn-3.5Ag의 경우 Sn의 산화와 비슷한 거동을 보였다. 산화 초기에는 SnO가 형성되고 산화가 진행됨에 따라 SnO 와 $SnO_2$가 같이 존재하되 $SnO_2$가 우세하게 성장하였다. Zn를 포함한 Sn 합금의 경우 ZnO와 $SnO_2$가 형성되었다. Zn의 첨가로 인해 $SnO_2$의 형성이 촉진되었고 SnO는 억제하는 것을 발견하였다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant effects of the extract of Rubi Fructus on TM4 Sertoli cells. Methods : The extract was studied for diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and cell viability assays on Sertoli cells. In addition, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on Sertoli cells were examined by MTT assay. The antioxidant enzyme of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, catalase protein expression on Sertoli cells were also measured. Results : The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical dose-dependent manner. The extract showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/ml$. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Sertoli cells was protected to 88.3% by the extract at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD protein expression were significantly increased on Sertoli cells, but catalase protein expression was not significantly changed. Conclusions : In conclusion, the extract of Rubi Fructus has antioxidant effects on Sertoli cells and protect male reproductive system against oxidative stress.