• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2022

Background: Low back and neck pain are two of the most common medical problems in the adult population. It is estimated that between 70% and 80% adults experience an episode of low back pain at least once during their lifetime. Objects: This study aimed to compare the effects of various stretching exercises and muscle energy techniques used for treatment of iliopsoas, quadratus lumborum, and hamstrings of patients with low back pain. Methods: A total of 52 subjects were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 17), the muscle energy technology group (METG, n = 19), and the stretching exercise group (SEG, n = 16). Interventions were performed twice a week for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment in the three groups, using the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ), the Finger to Floor test (FTF), the Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMS), and the Trunk Flexion Range of Motion test. Results: This study showed significant reduction in the pre-test and post-test KODI, VAS, and FABQ scores in all the three groups (p < 0.05). The KODI, VAS, FABQ and FTF assessed in this study showed interactions between the groups and the measurement time point (p < 0.01). After intervention, the KODI, VAS, FABQ and FTF in the SEG and METG were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and there was no difference between the METG and SEG. MMS and HFROM test showed no difference between the three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: KODI, VAS, FABQ and FTF showed significant improvement after basic physical therapy, muscle energy technique, and stretching exercise intervention. And there was no significant difference in the intervention effect between the muscle energy group and the stretching exercise group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study is to suggest an intervention method for clinical use in the future by analyzing the effect of breathing exercise on activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle, which are respiratory synergist muscles, and pulmonary functions in patients with forward head posture. Methods: Prior to the experiment, 12 patients (experimental group) performed feedback exhalation exercise along with conventional deep neck exercise, and 11 subjects (control group) performed feedback deep neck exercise along with conventional deep neck exercise. The intervention programs were performed for 40 minutes once a day (three times a week for four weeks). Results: Before intervention, %RMS was measured for surface electromyography (sEMG), and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were measured using a spirometer. After four weeks, these items were re-measured under the same condition and analyzed. In within-group comparison of the experimental group, activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle showed a significant decrease (p<0.05)(p<0.001), and forced vital capacity (FVC) showed a significant increase (p<0.05). In within-group comparison of the control group, activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle showed a significant decrease (p<0.05), and in between-group comparison, there were significant differences in activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and FVC (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term forward head posture restrains exercise performance of the neck and leads to exercise avoidance of the neck during daily activities, thus restraint factors might be created even while breathing. To cut off this link, a constant effort is required and diversified research on the correlation between neck functions and breathing should be conducted.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2010

This study is designed to find out the effect of communication between parents and adolescents, and their goal orientation on academic self-efficacy, especially among second-year high school students based on all their family and social environments. For such purposes, a variety of data regarding background variables, communication between parents and adolescents, goal orientation, and academic self-efficacy were collected in Seoul and Goyang-si, Gyunggi-do. The major results of this study are as follows: First, the female high-school students showed a higher efficiency than the male ones when it comes to the communication between parents and adolescents. For the goal orientation, the girl students marked higher levels than the male counterparts; speaking of self-regulated efficiency, the former illustrated a much higher level than the latter as well. Second, academic self-efficacy is greatly influenced by goal orientation. The higher mastery and performance-approach goals are, the higher academic self-efficacy is. It has turned out that mastery goals have significant relationship with task difficulty performance, one of the sub-scales of academic self-efficacy. In addition, performance-approach goals proved to be deeply connected with self-regulated efficiency, but performance-avoidance goals were negative predictors of task difficulty performance and self-regulated efficiency. In turn, academic confidence, one of the sub-scales of academic self-efficacy, is believed to be under the influence of mastery goals and communication between fathers and adolescents.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.157-174
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• 2007

Concerning this nation's M&A system, it is expected that standards of limitation on ownership is considerably modified and alleviated. This would allow companies to freely merge with each other, raising the efficiency of the whole national economy and ultimately benefiting all economic subjects. Another goal of business merger lies in adjusting net income or reducing tax amount. The income and the amount are to be financially reported. If merger between companies does not create any synergy effect, but just contributes to net income increase or tax reduction for the purpose of the parties' financial reporting, it might distort a rational distribution of wealth over all facets of economy. Merger whose goal is to create the most desirable synergy effect should be positively encouraged, but that whose goal lies in tax avoidance needs to be strongly restricted. Thus the purpose of this study was to find how to improve this nation's merger-related taxation system. For the purpose, this researcher investigated problems of existing tax supports to merger, which meets related taxation requirements, especially in terms of liquidation income, appraisal profit from merger, fictitious dividend and requirements for taxation. Among the problems, the study found, the biggest thing was that liquidation income or deficit carried forward, if any, is subject to be prior deducted from surplus, so the income is likely to generate. To raise the consistency of this nation's taxation on business restructuring, existing local systems in regard to merger, division, investment in kind and dividend-exclusion method need to be reconsidered following the introduction of consolidated taxation system.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.509-519
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• 2015

최근 사업용운전자들의 음주운전이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 사업용운전자들의 음주문제행동에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 스트레스 대처방식을 상정하고 스트레스 대처방식이 생활스트레스를 증가시켜 음주문제행동에 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 총 1308명의 사업용운전자들이 연구에 참여하였다. 연구결과, 사업용운전자들의 스트레스 대처방식으로 문제해결, 조력추구, 정서적 완화, 소망적 사고, 수동적 회피 5개 방식이 확인되었으며, 이 중 문제해결, 소망적 사고, 수동적 회피 대처방식에서만 생활스트레스의 매개효과가 관찰되었다. 즉 문제해결 전략을 적게 사용할수록, 소망적 사고와 수동적 회피 전략을 많이 사용할수록 생활스트레스는 높았으며, 이것은 다시 음주문제행동을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 스트레스 대처방식에 대한 운전자 교육의 필요성을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2014

We investigated the effect low salt (2 or 4% salt) concentrations jeotgal made from Todarodes pacificus on the learning and memory impairments in scopolamine-induced (2 mg/kg, i.p.) dementia rats. Rats treated with oral BF-7 (200 mg/kg, p.o.) as a positive control and Todarodes pacificus jeotgal had significantly reduced scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the passive avoidance test. The Morris water maze test or treatment with 2% salt jeotgal made from Todarodes pacificus significantly ameliorated the scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the formation of long- and short-term memory. The acetylcholine content and acetylcholinesterase acitivity paralleled the results of the behavior experiment. There were no significant differences in the brain acetylcholine contents of the experimental groups, while the brain acetylcholine content of the group treated with 2% salt Todarodes pacificus jeotgal was higher than that of the control group. The inhibitory effect of 2% salt jeotgal made from Todarodes pacificus on the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was lower than that of the control group. These trends were similar to those of the gamma-aminobutyric acid content. We suggest that Todarodes pacificus jeotgal enhances learning memory and cognitive function by regulating cholinergic enzymes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.192-205
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It is known that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain could regulate cognitive functions as well as blood pressure. Inhibition of RAS for the improvement of cognitive function may be a new strategy, but studies so far have mostly reported on the effects of RAS inhibition by drugs, and there is no research on cognitive improvement through RAS inhibition of food ingredients. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of curcumin on blood pressure and cognitive function and its related mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm). MATERIALS/METHODS: Six-week-old SHR/Izm rats were divided into 5 groups: control group (CON), scopolamine group (SCO, drug for inducing cognitive deficits), positive control (SCO and tacrine [TAC]), curcumin 100 group (CUR100, SCO + Cur 100 mg/kg), and curcumin 200 group (CUR200, SCO + Cur 200 mg/kg). Changes in blood pressure, RAS, cholinergic system, and cognitive function were compared before and after cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The SCO group showed increased blood pressure and significantly reduced cognitive function based on the y-maze and passive avoidance test. Curcumin treatments significantly improved blood pressure and cognitive function compared with the SCO group. In both the CUR100 and CUR200 groups, the mRNA expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor type1 (AT1), as well as the concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) in brain tissue were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and acetylcholine (ACh) content was significantly increased, compared with the SCO group. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of curcumin improved blood pressure and cognitive function in SCO-induced hypertensive mice, indicating that the cholinergic system was improved by suppressing RAS and AT1 receptor expression and increasing the mAChR expression.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2023

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of personality and sensory processing on college life adaptation in students majoring in occupational therapy. Methods : We conducted a survey study on 251 college students from March to May 2023. Personality, sensory processing, and college life adaptation were measured through the international personality item pool, adolescent/adult sensory profile, and student adaptation to college questionnaire, respectively. The general characteristics of students were analyzed using frequency analysis, and differences in college life adaptation and sensory processing characteristics were analyzed using independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA. The relationship between personality, sensory processing, and college life adaptation scores was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The impact of personality and sensory processing on college life adaptation was analyzed using multivariate regression analysis using SPSS 25.0. Results : Correlations of all five personality factors, except openness to experience, were observed with students' college life adaptation. According to sensory processing characteristics, differences in college life adaption showed significant differences in sensory avoidance, poor registration, and sensory sensitivity. The variance of college life adaptation explained by each factor (based on R²) were 46% by personality and 26% by sensory processing. Among personality traits, neuroticism had a negative effect on college life adaptation, agreeableness and extroversion had positive effects, and low registration during sensory processing had a negative effect. Conclusion : This study suggests the provision of various activities and creation of an environment for college students with low sensory registration and neurotic traits to encourage positive changes. The results can be used to design a program that helps college students adapt to occupational therapy majors.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2006

Objectives: Anti-oxidants are known to prevent neuronal diseases with pathological and physiological changes such as the brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Korean ginseng on the oxidative stress induced pathologic changes, and develop new animal model for the brain atrophy. Korean ginseng has anti-oxidant, anti-aging, and protective effects on the brain ischemia. Methods : The intracerebroventricular (ICV) hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) injection into mice was conducted to generate oxidative stress. Results : The ICV $H_2O_2$ (1 M, $5\;{\mu}l$ injection did not induce either convulsion or death in the acute phase. At the end of second week, cognitive impairment and pathologic change of the brain were observed. The massive brain atrophy was found in the $H_2O_2-injected$ mice, especially in the hippocampus and thalamus. Treatment with Korean ginseng showed a protective effect against the brain atrophy. The $H_2O_2$ injected mice revealed cognitive impairment in the passive avoidance test, and Korean ginseng alleviated cognitive impairment. Conclusion : The results indicate that Korean ginseng has a protective effect on the oxidative stress-induced neuronal damages.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.622-633
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• 2015

The coexistence among different systems is a major problem in communications. Mutual interference between different systems should be analyzed and mitigated before their deployment. The paper focuses on two aspects that have an impact on the system performance. First, the coexistence analysis, i.e. evaluating the mutual interference. Second aspect is the coexistence techniques, i.e. appropriate system modifications that guarantee the simultaneous use of the spectrum by different technologies. In particular, the coexistence problem is analyzed between ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) and narrow bandwidth (NB) systems emphasizing the role of spectrum sensing to identify and classify the NB interferers that mostly affect the performance of UWB system. A direct sequence (DS)-time hopping (TH) code design technique is used to mitigate the identified NB interference. Due to the severe effect of Narrowband Interference on UWB communications, we propose an UWB transceiver that utilizes spectrum-sensing techniques together with mitigation techniques. The proposed transceiver improves both the UWB and NB systems performance by adaptively reducing the mutual interference. Detection and avoidance method is used where spectrum is sensed every time duration to detect the NB interferer's frequency location and power avoiding it's effect by using the appropriate mitigation technique. Two scenarios are presented to identify, classify, and mitigate NB interferers.