• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2013

This study is experimentally analyzed to extract the major parameters affecting the performance of the smoke-control system and the relations of pressure difference between vestibule and supply air pressure zone effect of supply mass flow rate and leakage area in the smoke-control zone. To obtain this, the mock-up building of three-story scale with a total of 10 compartments was constructed, and several apparatus were also installed for in-situ measurement of the ventilation flow rate, pressure difference between compartments, smoke defensive air velocity, the opening-closing force of door, etc. This article show that pressure difference in the smoke-control zone is significantly related with leakage area of vestibule in low pressure region, leakage area of supply air pressure in over pressure region and both of them in pressure control region when the pressure control range of damper is 45 Pa~55 Pa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2008

This study was performed to compare the kinematics among three different safety shoes(type 1: ergonomically designed and high quality shoes, 2: curved and cushioned safety shoes, and 3: regular safety shoes) and to find the effect of insole during walking. Ten healthy subjects were recruited for this study. The range of motion of knee and ankle joint, angle of rear foot and angle of heel contact were measured using a three dimensional motion analysis system. In the second peak, the angle of heel contact showed statistically significant difference between safety shoes and insole, however, there was no statistical significance among three different safety shoes. The angle of ankle increased significantly at initial contact, first peak, the second peak and the toe off phase compared with type 1 and 2 safety shoes, and the angle of ankle showed statistically significant difference between with and without applying the insole. During the first peak, the second peak and the toe off phase, the angle of knee was statistical significance between safety shoes and insole. In heel contact, the angles of Achilles' tendon showed statistically significant difference between safety shoes and insole. The rear foot angles showed statistically significant difference between safety shoes and insole during heel contact and early heel contact. These results suggest that the type 1 safety shoes were superior to others in the statistics, and applying insole could be a possible method to prevent fatigue of lower extremity and musculoskeletal disorders. Further studies are needed to find the effect of ergonomically designed safety shoes and insole on practical value in prevention of musculoskeletal disorder, fatigue and satisfaction of workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effect of foot bath on blood pressure(BP) following treadmill exercise. Methode : Subject of study were forty healthy males without any cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurologic diseases. Following twenty minutes walking at a speed of 5m/s on the treadmill, ten twenty subjects in experimental group received foot bath, on the dominant lower limb while sitting in chair. Foot bath was applied to the level of the lateral and medial malleoli keeping the temperature of the paraffin bath at $40{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. Twenty subjects in control group took a rest sitting in chair in a comfortable position. BP was measured in right brachial artery. BP was measured five times(before exercise, immediately after exercise, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and fifteen minutes after exercise). Results : The study showed that for diastolic blood pressure, there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group. However, systolic blood pressure(SBP) increased significantly after exercise compared with SBP before exercise (p<.05). In addition, SBP in five minutes after exercise decreased significantly compared with SBP in immediately after exercise (p<.05). On the other hand, the control group had significant difference between SBP measured before exercise and SBP measured at the other measure time (p<.05). In five minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significant difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Similarly, in ten and fifteen minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significantly difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Conclusion : Consequently it was confirmed that when foot bath was applied, the increased BP induced by the exercise returned to normal range rapidly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of action observation with observation type on the limits of stability and dynamic gait ability in stroke patients. METHODS: The 20 stroke patients who participated in this study were randomly divided into two experimental groups who underwent training three times a week for 4 weeks. Their balance was tested as the limit of stability with Biorescue. Their Dynamic gait ability was tested with the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) before the intervention, and after 4 weeks. Independent and paired t-tests were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: The results confirmed the limit of stability on the moving areas of the paralyzed and non-paralyzed sides. The limit of stability and dynamic gait index measurements confirmed that the moving area showed a significant difference after the intervention in the whole movement observation group (p<.05), but the partial movement observation group showed no significant difference (p>.05). A significant difference was also noted for the comparison between the both groups after the interventions (p<.05). The functional walking ability showed a significant difference when compared to the ability before the intervention, as determined by the changes in scores obtained for the dynamic gait index (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Interventions utilizing whole movement confirm that training improves stability and functional walking ability in stroke patients with disabilities in balance and walking ability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2008

In this paper, the 2D/3D converting algorithm is proposed. The single frame of 2D image is used fur the real-time processing of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm creates a 3D image with the depth map by using the vertical position information of a object in a single frame. In order to real-time processing and improve the hardware complexity, it performs the generation of a depth map using the image sampling, the object segmentation with the luminance standardization and the boundary scan. It might be suitable to a still image and a moving image, and it can provide a good 3D effect on a image such as a long distance image, a landscape, or a panorama photo because it uses a vertical position information. The proposed algorithm can adapt a 3D effect to a image without the restrictions of the direction, velocity or scene change of an object. It has been evaluated with the visual test and the comparing to the MTD(Modified Time Difference) method using the APD(Absolute Parallax Difference).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 2001

This study was designed to develop the nutrition education program for the mothers of preschool children in kindergarten and evaluate its educational effects. Nutrition education program was developed on the basis of the concept which consisted of nutrition, nutrients, menu planning, cooking, recognition of nutrition education, food selection and menu planning, will of nutrition improvement. Subjects consisted of 41 mothers. All the subjects completed a pretest and a posttest. The nutrition knowledge score of pretest was 33.77$\pm$12.53 and that of posttest was 55.25$\pm$16.32 and the difference was significant(p<0.001). The Food attitude score of pretest was 66.40$\pm$6.26 and that of posttest was 70.76$\pm$6.05 and the difference was significant(p<0.001). Food attitude score of high score-group of nutrition knowledge was higher than that of low score-group of nutrition knowledge significantly, in pretest(p<0.001) and posttest(p<0.01) respectively. Nutrition knowledge score and food attitude score of children of educated parents of nutrition program was higher than that of children of uneducated parents of nutrition program but the difference was not significant. The nutrition densities of vitamin A(p<0.001), vitamin B$_1$(p<0.05), vitamin B$_2$(p<0.001), folic acid(p<0.05), Ca(p<0.001), p(p<0.001), calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), was significantly improved by nutrition consult and education program. The MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) of pretest was 0.79$\pm$0.23 and that of posttest was 0.91$\pm$0.16 and the difference was significant(p<0.05). (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 230-240, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1349-1357
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate to effect of core exercise with swiss ball on sarcopenia index in agriculture older women. A total of 30 subjects(15 Ex group, 15 Con group, 65 over agriculture older woman) were participated in this study. Intervention group were assigned to performing a progressive core exercise training program for 12 weeks(2 time/week). Dependent variable were grip strength, chair stand, muscle mass, 4m gait speed, Timed up and go, and 400m walking. As a result were following. Grip strength was not significantly difference but chair stand was significantly difference in time. And muscle mass was significantly difference in groups. And 4m gait speed, Timed up and go and 400m walking were significantly difference in time. In conclusion, lower body muscle strength and short physical performance battery by muscle activating with core muscle strength training.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of changing the steps height on the joint moment of lower extremity in stair-descent activity of elderly persons. Data were collected by 3-D cinematography and force platform. 9 male elderly subjects in the 60s and 70s participated in this study. All subjects performed a stair-descent in four different heights of stairs (10, 14, 18, 22cm) having 5 step staircase. The results were as follows. 1. For the step height of 22cm the maximum. plantarflexion moment was the smallest and the largest for the step height of 14cm. 2. There was not a statistical difference shown for the extension moment of the knee joint for the different height of steps. 3. There was not a statistical difference shown for the flexion moment of the hip joint for the varying height of steps but on average for the 18cm step this increased rapidly. 4. The smallest maximum. value for inversion moment was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 5. The smallest maximum. value for abduction moment of the hip joint was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 6. There was no significant difference shown for the maximum. abduction moment for the hip joint. The main conclusion is that there is a huge difference in the moment of the lower extremities for the elderly while walking down a stairs with a step height above 18 cm and that this moment increased or decreased rapidly under a condition of step height being 22cm. With the results from this research and related research of elderly walking upstairs it can be shown that the step height has a large role in the safety for the elderly.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2020

The physique and health status of Chinese college students have received a generous concern in recent years. The physical condition of Chinese college students is not good and this phenomenon is especially obvious among female college students, which has been an disputable fact. This study starts from exercise intervention to study the concrete influence of taijiquan (a kind of traditional Chinese shadow boxing) and five-animal exercises on human body balance ability; the study uses experimental apparatus to measure the specific impact of exercise intervention on human body balance ability; meanwhile, the study also applies data analysis to longitudinally study whether the two studied sports items affect body balance, and whether there is difference in terms of the influence of two sports items on human body balance ability. The conclusions are as follows: firstly, 24-style taijiquan and five-animal exercises can improve ankle muscle strength, and the focus and degree of the improvement are different; secondly, five-animal exercises have a better improvement effect on the flexor and extensor muscles of ankle joint and 24-style taijiquan is in the second place. Moreover, compared with 24-style taijiquan, there is no significant difference in terms of the improvement caused by five-animal exercises; thirdly, 24-style taijiquan has a better effect on the improvement of internal rotation and evertors muscle strength. Compared with 24-style taijiquan, five-animal exercises have no significant difference in terms of the improvement degree.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 2014

Environmental education is the most important and fundamental way to deal with the climate change. The school policy concentrating on environmental education, which has been established and financially supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment, provides an environment for natural experiment, examining the effect of reinforcing environmental education at schools on the energy-saving behaviours observed in the households concerned. We investigated the impact by applying the difference-in-difference measure to various utilities including water, electricity and gas between the households with children whose schools were designated as pilot environmental education schools in 2011 and the households with children attending general schools. The results showed that the households with children attending the pilot environmental education schools paid lower electricity and gas costs. This implies that environmental education provided at schools can indirectly affect the household energy saving behaviour and in turn reduce the total energy consumption in a short time.