• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2015

In this study we investigated the effect of vaccine efficacy and immune activities by feeding additives several natural herbal remedies extracts of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia annua), Galla Rhois, Oriental raisin tree (Havenia Dulicis) and 6-mixed herb to Oilve flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Each group of fish fed with the herbal remedies added feed and basic formula during the seven weeks and vaccinated with Edwardsiella tarda Formalin killed vaccine after 4 weeks feeding. Relative Percentage Survival values (RPS) in the group was assessed by the challenge with E.tarda. All groups with the herbal remedies added feed enhanced growth rate, but there were not significantly different in lysozyme activity and agglutination titer. In a challenge experiment with E.tarda, RPS in the all groups feeding additives natural herbal remedies was higher than that of the control group. These results suggest that the natural herbal remedies extracts of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia annua), Galla Rhois, Oriental raisin tree (Havenia Dulicis) and 6-mixed herb would be effective to enhance efficacy of vaccination to Olive flounder.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.226-230
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• 2009

We evaluated the efficacy of $\beta$-hemolytic Streptococcus(S.) iniae vaccine on cultured olive flounder. Three hundred flounders(weight $50{\pm}5$ g) were obtained from two farm at Wando and Taean in the southern and western coast of Korea at May and June 2007, respectively. Twenty of flounders moved in 0.5 tons aquaria in land-marine tank system of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service. Seawater was transported from the sea of Inchon in western Korea, and water temperature maintained to $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ during the vaccination and challenge test, respectively. We used the formalin-inactivated $\beta$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine produced by domestic manufacturers. The vaccine was intraperitoneally administered to fish. The vaccinated and control group were challenged with intraperitoneal injection by virulent S. iniae SI-36 isolates with $5.0{\times}10^8$ CFU/fish at 3 weeks after vaccination. We evaluated the vaccine efficacy by calculating numbers of dead fish, and observing of clinical signs, exterior and gross lesions, and examining bacteria isolation and identification. Thirty-four(25.2%) of 135 control and vaccinated group fish were dead with serious anemia, abdominal extension, and hernia of intestine during 3 weeks post vaccination. We isolated Neoheterobothrium hirame from the buccal cavity and Edwardsiella tarda from kidney of dead and diseased fish. When infected fish with these agents were challenged with S. iniae SI-36 isolates, the cumulative mortality of control and vaccinated group were 86.7, and 46.7%, respectively. However, significant differences(p<0.05) were observed on cumulative mortality between control(20.0%) and vaccinated group(95.0%) at second trials with 40 healthy, and relative percent survival(RPS) was 78.0%. We confirmed that the efficacy of $\beta$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine on olive flounder were impacted by health condition such as bacterial and parasitic diseases.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

Two bacteria strains were isolated from emaciated olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in aquafarm and were identificated as Vibrio harveyi (JV1) and Edwardsiella tarda (JE1), respectively. In the challenge experiments, we found 100% cumulative mortalities in all of olive flounder injected with JV1, JE1 or JV1+JE1 within eleven days after the injection. Two bacteria strains were reisolated from dead fish and were analyzed using the PCR method. In the physilogical analysis, the hematocrit, AST, ALT and cholesterol levels in experimental groups were increased significantly compared to those in control group, but the glucose, total protein and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased. Additionally, the lysozyme activity in the blood serum was decreased. The histopathological observations of the intestine showed that all groups had detachment and destruction of epithelial tissues except for the control group.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2009

오매 추출물 첨가 사료의 투여가 양식 뱀장어의 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 뱀장어의 혈청 내 lysozyme의 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났고, 점액 내 lysozyme 및 혈청의 살균능에 있어서는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 혈청 내 lysozyme의 활성은 추출물 첨가 사료 투여 후 2주째에 증가하기 시작하여 5주째에 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 어류 병원성 세균인 Edwardsiella tarda와 Aeromonas hydrophila 균에 대한 저항성 실험에 서 오매 추출물 첨가 사료을 투여한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 세균에 대한 저항성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 오매 추출물 첨가 사료를 투여한 실험구에서 대조구에 비해 성장이 좋게 나타났다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2008

The effects of dietary yeast β-glucan administration on growth, nonspecific immune responses, serum lysozyme, skin mucous lysozyme, NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) reduction by phagocytes, and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica were evaluated. Fish were fed the diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1% and 0.5% of yeast β-glucan to a commercial diet for 6 weeks. The body weight gain from the fish fed on the 0.5% supplemented diet for 6 weeks was significantly higher than the control. Both serum and skin mucous lysozyme were significantly higher in the all experimental groups except 2 weeks of 0.5% group. The bactericidal activity of serum was slightly increased at 6 weeks. Also, The intracellular superoxide anion production of kidney phagocytes was significantly higher in the all experimental groups. The diet supplemented with 0.1% were also found to raise the relative percent survival (RPS) of Japanese eel after an artificial challenge with 1×107 cells of Edwardsiella tarda per fish. The results suggested the potential of yeast β-glucan to activate some innate immune responses and to improve the growth in Japanese eel.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

The charcoal effects on the immune responses of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were studied. Fish were fed an experimental diet supplemented with 1%, 3% or 5% of charcoal to a commercial diet. Several factors such as weight gain, hematological parameters, nonspecific immune responses and resistance against Edwardsiella tarda were evaluated 4 and 8 weeks after the administraion. The changes of body weight and lysozyme activities were not signigicant among tested groups. But cholesterol and total protein concentration in the blood were significantly lower in the 5% supplemented group than in the control. The production of superoxide by macrophage from the head kidney, examined by NBT reduction, was significantly higher in the 3% charcoal supplemented groups than in the control. The survival rate after an artificial challenge with 1×10^exp(7) cells of E. tarda per fish was significantly the highest in the 3% charcoal supplemented group.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 마늘 착즙액이 어병세균으로 질병에 인위 감염시킨 넙치의 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 건강한 넙치를 어류 병원성 세균인 Streptococcus iniae BS10과 Edwardsiella tarda KE-1으로 공격 주사한 후 1일 뒤에 마늘 착즙액을 0.25, 0.5 및 1.0 g/L의 농도로 해수에 현탁하여 2일 간격으로 3회 침지하였다. 공격 주사한 넙치의 면역 반응을 알아보기 위해 체표 점액 lysozyme의 활성, 조직 내 균수의 변화, 혈액 내 세포수의 변화, SOD 활성 및 생존율을 조사하였다. 그 결과, S. iniae BS10으로 공격 주사 후 0.25와 0.5 g/L의 침지 시험구에서 대조구에 비해 lysozyme의 활성이 유의적인 증가를 나타내었고, E. tarda KE-1으로 공격 주사 후 모든 침지 시험구에서 대조구에 비해 lysozyme의 활성이 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 조직 내 균수에 있어서는 모든 시험구에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 혈액 내 세포 수의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S. iniae BS10으로 공격 주사 후 마늘 착즙액 0.25와 0.5 g/L의 침지 시험구에서 림프구와 호중구의 유의적인 증가와 함께 모든 시험구에서 호중구의 유의적인 증가가 나타났다. E. tarda KE-1으로 공격 주사 후 0.25와 1.0 g/L의 침지 시험구에서 림프구의 유의적인 증가, E. tarda KE-1으로 공격 주사 후 마늘 착즙액 0.25와 1.0 g/L의 침지 시험구에서 림프구의 유의적인 증가와 함께 모든 시험구에서 호중구의 유의적인 증가가 나타났다. 침지 시험구 시험어의 혈액, 신장 및 간에서 SOD 활성을 측정한 결과, S. iniae BS10으로 공격 주사 후 침지 시험구에서 혈액과 신장에서 유의적인 증가가 나타났고, E. tarda KE-1으로 공격 주사 후 침지 시험구에서 신장과 간에서 유의적인 증가가 나타났다. 생존율 시험 결과, S. iniae BS10와 E. tarda KE-1으로 공격 주사 후 0.25 g/L 침지 시험구에서 모두 58% 의 상대생존율을 나타내어 마늘 착즙액 침지가 넙치의 방어능에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 마늘 착즙액의 유효 성분이 건강한 넙치뿐만 아니라 질병에 걸린 넙치에 대해서도 면역증강제로서의 효과가 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.644-652
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• 2011

Two consecutive studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented garlic powder (FGP) or fermented garlic fluid (FGF) on growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In experiment I, olive flounder (BW: 65 g) were fed four experimental diets formulated to contain 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% FGP (designated as FGP-0, FGP-0.5, FGP-1, and FGP-1.5, respectively). After the 10-weeks feeding trial, feed intake was significantly lower in fish fed the FGP-0.5 and FGP-1.0 diets, as compared to those fed the control diet. Fish fed the FGP-0 and FGP-0.5 diets showed significantly lower survival, as compared to the other treatments. Dietary supplementation with FGP resulted in higher non-specific immune responses than the FGP-0 group. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased as dietary FGP level increased. In experiment II, olive flounder (BW: 65 g) were fed four experimental diets for 10 weeks. The diets were prepared with a commercial expanded pellet to have 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% FGF (designated as FGF-0, FGF-0.25, FGF-0.5, and FGF-1, respectively) by adsorption. At the end of the second feeding trial, feed intake was significantly lower in fish fed the FGF-0 diet, as compared to other treatments. Fish fed the FGF-0.25 and FGF-0.5 diets exhibited significantly lower cholesterol levels, as compared to other treatments. Lysozyme activity significantly increased with increases in dietary FGF. Cumulative mortality in a challenge test with Streptococcus iniae was significantly lower in the fish groups fed FGF-supplemented diets than in fish fed the control diet. The results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation with FGP or FGF can enhance the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of olive flounder against S. iniae.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 마늘 추출물과 착즙액이 넙치의 비특이적 면역력에 미치는 영향과 투여 방법에 따른 효과를 밝히고자 하였다. 마늘 추출물의 투여는 복강 주사법을, 마늘 착즙액은 침지법을 사용하였다. 마늘 착즙액 침지법은 일정 농도의 착즙액을 해수에 현탁하여 2일 간격으로 3회 침지하였다. 병원균의 공격 시험은 시험어에 마늘 추출물의 일정량을 2일 간격으로 3회 주사한 지2일 후에 실시하였다. 그 결과, 마늘 추출물의 복강 주사 시험구 중 5% 투여구에서 lysozyme의 활성이 가장 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 호중구의 수는 1, 5 및 10%를 주사하였을 때 유의적인 증가를 보였다 (p<0.05). SOD activity는 신장에서는 1, 3 및 5% 시험구에서, 간에서는 1 및 5% 시험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). NBT 환원 시험은 3 및 5% 시험구에서 높은 NBT 환원량을 나타내었다. 마늘 착즙액의 침지 시험에서는 0.25 g/L 시험구에서 체표 점액 lysozyme 활성과 혈청 lysozyme 활성이 가장 높은 유의적인 증가를 하였다. 림프구와 호중구의 수는 0.25, 0.5 및 1.0 g/L 시험구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적인 증가를 보였다 (p<0.05). SOD activity는 신장에서는 모든 시험구에서, 간에서는 0.1, 0.25 및 0.5 g/L 시험구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). NBT 환원 시험은 0.1, 0.25 및 0.5% 시험구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 시험구의 생존율은 S. iniae BS10과 E. tarda KE-1의 공격에 대하여 5% 마늘 추출물 복강 투여와 0.25 g/L 마늘 착즙액 침지 시험구의 상대생존율이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 마늘 추출물과 착즙액이 넙치에 면역능 향상과 어류 질병에 저항성 증강에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with two different types of hydrolyzed blood meal (HBM) on the growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility and innate immunity of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A control diet (Con) consisting of 60% fish meal was formulated and four diets containing two different types of HBM at varying concentrations were prepared 2.5 and 5.0% liquid HBM (L2.5 and L5.0) and 0.5 and 1.0% powdered HBM (P0.5 and P1.0). A total of 450 olive flounder (average body weight: 50±0.07 g) were distributed in 15 tanks (240 L), with three replicate groups per diet. The fish were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 9 weeks and subsequently exposed to Edwardsiella tarda. The results showed that fish fed L2.5, L5.0 and P0.5 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activity compared to those fed the Con and P1.0 diets. During the challenge test against E. tarda, the L5.0 and P0.5 fish groups exhibited higher disease resistance than that of the Con group. These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with HBM could positively effect the innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder.