• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.447-462
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to Investigate the preservice elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge of addition and subtraction. The subjects for data collection were 29 preservice elementary teachers and data were collected through open ended problems. The findings imply that the preservice elementary teachers show low level of understanding of addition and subtraction such as the word problem posing and the contexts of part-part-whole and compare. The research results indicate that the preservice elementary teachers possess primarily a procedural knowledge of pedagogical content knowledge and don't understand relationship with real-world situation. This study provide the information available on developing program for preservice elementary teachers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 1997

Although a family-centered approach to health care for developmentally disabled children has been advocated, existing systems of care have not adequately addressed the support needs of the family system and the essential role that parents play in the daily care of these children. The overall purpose of this research is to examine family system adaptation to the care of a developmetally disabled child using the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustement, and Adaptation Framework. Relationships among family system demands (stressors, strains, transitions, child's illness factors) and family system strengths and capabilities(resource of social support) were examined to determine their separate and combined contribution to explanining the variability in family system outcomes (family system coping ). The subject for this study was 46 families who have a child with developmental disabilities(mental retardation and / or autism) from three special educational programs in Seoul, Korea. Results from correlation and hierachial regression analysis revealed that perceived social support operated as a resiliency factor between family stress and coping. Child and family characteristics appeared to be important predictors of perceived social support and coping. In summary, there is evidence that the resource of social support as a family strength and capability was found to improve the family coping. These findings also must be viewed within the context that sample of families of children with disabilities was relatively small and eligible families from support group of special educational program.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2009

This study examined the cognitive and social development of children of low income, disabled mothers. Sixty-four disabled mothers and their 3- to 5-year-old normally developing children participated. Children's IQ, receptive vocabulary, and social adaptive ability were measured with Korean-Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (Park et al.,1996), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center, 1995), and Social Maturity Test(Kim & Kim, 1995), respectively. Results showed that IQ and receptive vocabulary scores were lower than average and that verbal IQ was positively related to shared reading time and library use; verbal IQ was negatively related to duration of child-care attendance. Children's social quotient was higher than average and positively related to mother's employment status and amount of books in the home.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-43
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• 2010

In this article three types of neuro-biological epistemology have been studied and applied to mathematics. Nativism or innatism is favored by many evolutionary psychologists and some mathematicians. They believe domain specific brain functions or modules, particularly language faculty and number instinct in infants. Number/mathematical cognition is a new research area and scientists try to localize areas related with mathematics. Selectionism has adopted Darwinism to synapse growth and supports neuronal regression. Mathematical creativity can be explained using selectionism. Neural constructivism has originated from J. Piaget and supports neuronal/synapse growth in children or adults if adequate exercise and practise is given. Unlike Piaget, neural constructivists accepts the importance of structured experience for the reorganization of brain. Authors opinion is all these theories of epistemology is equally important and they all give insights on how the brain and self is made.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 2010

Similarity between concept and concept, principle and principle, theory and theory is known as a strong motivation to mathematical knowledge construction. Metaphor and analogy are reasoning skills based on similarity. These two reasoning skills have been introduced as useful not only for mathematicians but also for students to make meaningful conjectures, by which mathematical knowledge is constructed. However, there has been lack of researches connecting the two reasoning skills. In particular, no research focused on the interplay between the two in didactic transposition. This study investigated the process of knowledge construction by metaphor and analogy and their roles in didactic transposition. In conclusion, three kinds of models using metaphor and analogy in didactic transposition were elaborated.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2005

There have been raised the question that students have been of no interst in mathematcs and incompetent for solving real world problem because students have been recognized mathematcs as abstract knowldege. We research whether students' modeles developed in modeling activity can mediate between concrete and abstract. The analysis of our case study revealed that students' modeles aren't decontextualized abstraction but is located in situated abstraction that is a network connecting between concrete and abstract. Thus, these modeles are a tool mediating between concrete and abstract. Also, students' modeling activities can provide students with the opportunity of being competent for solving real world problem.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.229-246
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the two different teaching methods of elementary mathematics in the traditional method and in the constructive view. To do so, the actual class in the constructive view has been made for about four months using a class of 45 students in the second grade of an elementary school. After the class was finished, we collected diverse data from the class, such as the responses from the children(self-evaluation, mathematics diary, observation by the investigator, daily report), class evaluation report by other teacher and so on. The results of this research are as follows: First, the traditional class reaches at the goal of learning in a unit time because the class is guided by the teacher but the class in the constructive view is a little flexible because it is contextual. Second, in the constructive process of mathematical knowledge we knew that small group activities or discussion without intervention of teacher was often ended in exhaustive argument without arriving at valid social consensus. Third, the attitude in mathematics was changed from the passive one to the self-regulated ones. Fourth, the class in the constructive view could extend not only the ability of mathematical communication but also the ability of self-directed learning of children. Fifth, it was a considerable change the role of teacher, that is, guide of instruction instead of unique specialist in the classroom. Sixth, finally, the evaluation was made after finishing a unit class in the traditional instruction but it was integrated in a class in a constructive view.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2002

The purpose of His research was to investigate the effect of grandchildren's solidarity with their grandparents on their caring attitude for the elderly. The participants were 311 college students in Chollabuk-Do province. Such statistical methods as factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, t-Test, pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed for this research. The results showed that the solidarity with grandparents was significantly different according to the college grade, birth order, mother's and grandparents' educational levels, economic status of grandparent, relationship with parents, and grandparents' ages. It was also found that there were significant differences in the levels of grandchildren's caring attitude for the elderly according to the college grade, occupational status of mother, relationship with parent, parents' educational levels, and family atmosphere. Finally, multiple regression analysis results indicated that grandchildren's caring attitude for the elderly was significantly influenced by grandchildren's affectional and contact solidarity with grandparents, relationship with parent, and grandparents' economic status.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to make a basic study of a small theater planned to be built on the university campus for the exclusive use of performing arts. For this, the documents and records of small theaters in Seoul was first reviewed. And then, some selected theaters among small theaters opened since 2000 was examined and analyzed by their blueprints, design maps and actual measurement on the spot. Since 1990s, the increase in per capital income, the advancement of culture and arts, and the accompanying increase in demand have prompted universities to open performing arts courses. Going beyond the concept of a multipurpose auditorium a space devoted to professional performances has been increasingly needed by many universities. Small theaters that have been the subjects of study have become extinct or changed for other uses due to the rapid changes in the performing environment. This research examined theaters that have opened since 2000 and analyzed the data on their stages and seats. This study is intended for providing preliminary data for building of a small theater on the university campus.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.253-266
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of moral textbooks in Chinese elementary school with a multicultural perspective. This can be seen as a plan to prevent conflicts due to migrants in our society. Therefore, the importance of multicultural education in moral education were discussed. And then the contents of Chinese primary moral textbooks(grade 1) was critically analyzed according to content areas. As China was composed of 56 ethnics, the culture of domestic ethnic minority should be understood primarily. As a research result, the educational contents were primarily composed of children's daily lives and social norms which citizens should be abided by. The contents of textbooks do not reflect the feature of china as a typical multi-ethnic society. This can be seen that the Chinese moral education in primary school focuses on social integration. Therefore, we emphasize that the educational contents should be reconstructed with a multicultural perspective. And we hope our research can contribute to recognize and respect the differences between various nations and form a mutually beneficial relationship.