• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

Introduction : This study reviews the main areas of cognitive rehabilitation including executive dysfunction, memory dysfunction, perceptual dysfunction, attention deficit, and dysfunctions in activities of daily living in order to apply to the adaptation of occupational therapy. Body : Cognition programs based on the virtual reality are being used not only to evaluate but to train the overall components of human's cognition. Because the cognitive program is concentrating on the real environment, it is known to bring a remarkable transitional effect to the actual environment, compared to the basic computer-based evaluation and training. Applying virtual reality to the rehabilitation program can develop and advance the high technology and can result in a major effect on the innovative treatment technology. Conclusions : In this process, virtual reality is expected to be researched more in the near future. Particularly in the cognitive realm, it is imperative for researchers to pay attention to the improved transitional effect of the virtual reality toward the actual environment, rather than the already existing method of evaluations. Therefore, application of the virtual reality for the cognitive training should be researched for various types of subjects in the diverse aspects of congnitive function. Application of the virtual reality in the cognitive function has its unlimited potential, thus the rehabilitation program integrated with not only evaluation but training and education is expected extensively in the future.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-93
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• 2018

The concept of citizen science(CS) is defined as "scientific work carried out by citizens." Here, 'citizen' means someone who has knowledge of everyday life, regardless of whether they have formal expertise in a related field. This definition may encompass scientists, as many scientists participate in scientific democracy and use their expertise in a citizen-oriented manner. That work is derived from their citizenship, so their scientific work is CS. CS in Korea has expanded from the Korea Pollution Research Institute, which was founded in 1982, to the Center for Democracy in Science & Technology, which was founded in 1997. Furthermore, in recent years, government agencies have started using CS approach. In this paper, I introduce Korean CS and examine its accomplishments and difficulties through eight cases. I show that Korea's CS activities have made a significant impact on Korean society and the experience of these activities has implications for the future directions of CS. I do so by examining four modes of CS and explore practical messages for more varied roles of CS. Until now CS has been mainly considered in the context of "CS as education" or "CS as movement" in Korea. However, governance and the platform mode of social decision-making or research, though still rare, have recently emerged as additional CS activities. Although it cannot be said with certainty that CS is better, it is undoubtedly better the more varieties of its modes coexist. The four types of CS will contribute individually or complementarily to social learning. Thus, because of its distinctive potential, CS is not exhausted by the supplementary concept of science.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.251-277
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• 2015

This qualitative study is designed for the reconstruction of the experience of single mothers in poverty based on the bottom-up approach. Welfare dependency is identified as vital help to protect their own and children's lives, through their stories telling that welfare services provided by government and community take care of them "in place of their husbands", and "raise them up by hand." What is self-sufficiency to them is more of a process-orientation through welfare dependency than a state out of it, and a way to look through building their self-esteem and working to discover their self-worth except their economic power. Restoring their potential to self-sufficiency through dealing with their psycho-social stresses and expanding services for them related to child-care(education) and occupation ability development for long-term self-sufficiency, rather than hasty focusing on welfare exit, should be built on the foundation of helping them self-sufficient. In order for the self-sufficiency program to overcome the participant's images of "subordination and stigma" and to convey the original meaning of "welfare to work", the performance and evaluation system of self-sufficiency programs that reflects the insider's perspectives on their participation motive and process, and the self-sufficiency program customized for their needs and interests should be encouraged to develop.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.134-153
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• 2008

The main purpose of the research is to illustrate the value of the spatial statistical approach to residential differentiation by providing a framework for exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) using a local spatial separation measure. ESDA aims, by utilizing a variety of statistical and cartographic visualization techniques, at seeking to detect patterns, to formulate hypotheses, and to assess statistical models for spatial data. The research is driven by a realization that ESDA based on local statistics has a great potential for substantive research. The main results are as follows. First, a local spatial separation measure is correspondingly derived from its global counterpart. Second, a set of significance testing methods based on both total and conditional randomization assumptions is provided for the local measure. Third, two mapping techniques, a 'spatial separation scatterplot map' and a 'spatial separation anomaly map', are devised for ESDA utilizing the local measure and the related significance tests. Fourth, a case study of residential differentiation between the highly educated and the least educated in major Korean metropolitan cities shows that the proposed ESDA techniques are beneficial in identifying bivariate spatial clusters and spatial outliers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.1 s.85
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• pp.127-144
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• 2007

This study was conducted for the purpose of analyzing volunteer workers' perceptions of and attitudes toward the behavior problems of the elderly residents after caring for the residents voluntarily at low-income nursing homes. Eleven male and female volunteers ranging from age 19 to 52 were asked how they felt about the elderly residents' behavior problems and what kind of behavioral problems they had experienced after doing volunteer works in the three chosen facilities. In particular, they were expected to explain what emotional changes they experienced during their volunteer service. In this study, it was observed that most of the elderly subjects experienced three categories of behavior problems: habitual, repetitious and unreasonable activities caused by the elderly residents' life span backgrounds, unexpected and/or abrupt behaviors resulting from gradual cognitive impairments, and physiological, awkward activities caused from gradual senility. The volunteers tend to believe that the elderly residents are naturally expected to act positively, since they have been provided with well- planned, regular care services such as bathing, counseling, activity programs, and religious guidances. On the other hand, some respondents stated that their experiences at the nursing homes caused them to form negative images of the elderly; they feel that the elderly are not helpful for giving advices on critical decisions, guiding and encouraging their daily lives, and offering any positive influences toward their own lives. Rather, they find themselves getting too much stressed as a result of their intimate contacts with demented or senile residents. Overall, in this study, it is proposed that education for confronting sudden abrupt behavior problems should be intensified more for female volunteers, since they tend to be more susceptible to emotional harassment resulting from the problem behaviors. It is also proposed that young volunteers who have not been systematically trained for confronting aggressive behaviors need to be separately assigned their roles in order to minimize the potential of confronting unseemly situations resulting from male residents whose mental health has deteriorated. Furthermore, it is also suggested that the combination of leisure-related activities for healthy residents and stressful intimate services for the frail residents be systematically planned and implanted for the volunteer program so that the volunteers can lessen the chances of suddenly finding themselves confronted with extremely abrupt agitations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3239-3245
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• 2014

Background: College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and Methods: A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination ($p_{trend}$ <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Conclusions: Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.671-676
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• 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish a program model for use in wide-spread cervical cancer screening. :Methods: Cervical cancer screening was conducted in Zhongshan city in Guangdong province, China through a coordinated network of multiple institutes and hospitals. A total of 43,567 women, 35 to 59 years of age, were screened during regular gynecological examinations using the liquid-based ThinPrep cytology test (TCT). Patients who tested positive were recalled for further treatment. Results: The TCT-positive rate was 3.17%, and 63.4% of these patients returned for follow-up. Pathology results were positive for 30.5% of the recalled women. Women who were younger than 50 years of age, urban dwelling, low-income, had a history of cervical disease, began having sex before 20 years of age, or had sex during menstruation, were at elevated risk for a positive TCT test. The recall rate was lower in women older than 50 years of age, urban dwelling, poorly educated, and who began having sex early. Ahigher recall rate was found in women 35 years of age and younger, urban dwelling, women who first had sex after 24 years of age, and women who had sex during menstruation. The positive pathology rate was higher in urban women 50 years of age and younger and women who tested positive for human papillomavirus. Conclusion: An effective model for large-scale cervical cancer screening was successfully established. These results suggest that improvements are needed in basic education regarding cervical cancer screening for young and poorly educated women. Improved outreach for follow-up is also necessary to effectively control cervical cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2897-2901
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• 2013

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Although certain dietary factors and lifestyles have been suggested to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, there have been few investigations focusing on rural areas. A case-control study was therefore carried out to investigate the risk factors of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) in rural areas of Linzhou. A total of 470 newly diagnosed cases of GCC and 470 healthy controls were included. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a uniform questionnaire containing questions on demographics, per capita income, living habits, dietary habits and family history of tumors. The relationship between putative risk factors and GCC was assessed by odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) derived from conditional logistic regression model by the COXREG command using SPSS 12.00. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate simultaneously the effects of multiple factors and other potential confounding factors. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that smoking (OR=1.939, 95%CI:1.097-3.426), alcohol drinking (OR=2.360, 95%CI: 1.292-4.311), hot food consumption (OR=2.034, 95%CI: 1.507-2.745), fast eating (OR=1.616, 95%CI: 1.171-2.230), mouldy food (OR=4.564, 95%CI: 2.682-7.767), leftover food (OR=1.881. 95%CI: 1.324-2.671), and family history of tumor (OR=2.831, 95%CI: 1.588-5.050) were risk factors for GCC. High per capita income (OR=0.709, 95%CI: 0.533-0.942), high education level (OR=0.354, 95%CI: 0.163-0.765), consumption of fresh fruits (OR=0.186, 95%CI: 0.111-0.311) and vegetables (OR=0.243, 95%CI: 0.142-0.415), and high BMI (OR=0.367, 95%CI: 0.242-0.557) were protective factors for GCC. Our data indicate that unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits might be important contributors to GCC in this population.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.171-184
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• 2013

The importance for local development, which residents' attitudes have reflected, is well known. Therefore, in order to formulate an approach for sustainable development, a study on sustainable waterfront development has become necessary. This study performed the first step analysis of Limits of Acceptable Change(LAC) System that considers the local residential attitude to make the analysis and standard for acceptable development type in the waterfront. This study used the characteristics of the residents, the social exchange theory, and the LAC System. This was done because it is useful to ensure that basic data can be used for the establishment of management objectives. Yeoju-Si was selected as the site for the investigation. A total of 240 surveys were obtained. Analyses were conducted to 1) determine the relationships between the residents' attitudes toward the waterfront development type and the acceptable development type and 2) to examine relationships between the residents' characteristics and the residents' attitudes toward the waterfront development. The results of this study are as follows: The development pertaining to the parameter 'nature education' arguably has the potential to generate substantial revenues for Yeoju-Si and could link the local development and conservation. This study concludes that the area of residence were closely correlated with the residents' attitudes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-154
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• 2018

Government support for entrepreneurship has been very useful for many young people who start new ventures to chase their dreams. However, it has constantly been abused by unscrupulous people who intend to take advantage of monetary support. Why do some exploit it, while others make good use of it? It is important to examine the immoral personality traits in potential entrepreneurs, because entrepreneurship affects not only individuals, but also the entire society and country. This study investigates the relationship between negative personality traits and nascent entrepreneurship. Specifically, it examines the effects of the dark triad of personality - narcissism, Machiavellianism, and subclinical psychopathy - on entrepreneurial intention, self-efficacy, and productive and unproductive entrepreneurial motives. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey on university students who intend to start new ventures in the future, while pursuing entrepreneurship education. We analyzed a total of 265 responses. We found that narcissism is the only factor that has a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. Narcissism has a positive effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, while psychopathy has a negative effect. We also found that narcissism has a positive influence on productive entrepreneurial motives, while Machiavellianism has a significant negative influence. Finally, we found that Machiavellianism and psychopathy have a positive impact on unproductive entrepreneurial motives.