• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.198-209
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• 2014

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is well known for increasing morbidity and mortality, especially related to their complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the prevalence rate of DM and provide a fundamental material to develop an intervention strategy to reduce the prevalence rate of DM. The study subjects were adults aged over 19 on the basis of the primitive data of "The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012". Therefore, the data of 5995 participants were analyzed. For data process, the complex sample analysis module of SPSS 18.0 program was employed to add weighting before analysis. According to the analysis, the prevalence rate of DM of the study subjects was 10.5%. Regarding the odds ratio of DM prevalence, the subjects who graduated from middle school had the odds ratio 2.51 times higher than those who graduated from college and more; those in subjective bad health condition 4.77 times higher than those in subjective good health condition; those in obesity 1.44 times higher; those with high blood pressure 2.57 times higher; those with hyperlipidemia 2.63 times higher; those who fail to control their weight 1.31 times higher; those going on a diet 2.75 times higher. This study revealed that a level of education, perceived health status, obesity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, weight control, and dietary therapy were the predictable variables of the prevalence rate of DM, and thereby suggested the nursing direction and research direction to reduce the prevalence rate of DM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6451-6457
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• 2013

Background and Purpose: Indigenous people who leave their hometowns and move to the city to earn a living became urban aboriginals. During the process of adapting to urban living situations, they may use various coping strategies such as smoking to overcome their stress. Therefore, it is crucial to provide health education including smoking prevention, increasing knowledge regarding of tobacco hazard, self-efficacy of anti-smoking, and adjusting smoking behavior so as to empower their anti-smoking motivation to prevent lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an anti-smoking program on urban aboriginals in Taiwan. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design with purposeful sampling was employed. A total of 125 aboriginal subjects were recruited from two local churches at Shu Lin area in northern Taiwan. Subjects were divided into an experimental group (n =64 ) and a control group (n = 61). Both took pre-tests in order to set baseline values, and only the experimental group participated for 3-weeks in the anti-smoking program classes. Both groups took post-tests immediately after the intervention in order to evaluate the immediate effects of the teaching program, and a follow-up test was conducted four weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANCOVA, and repeat measure ANCOVA. Results: After controlling for confounding variables, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the self-efficacy of anti-smoking and smoking behavior between experimental and control groups in the immediately post-test and the follow-up test (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences in the recognition of hazards of smoking at eiter time point. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The findings of this study revealed that the anti-smoking program effectively improved self-efficacy of anti-smoking, and decreased the smoking behavior in urban aboriginals. They provide useful information as a reference regarding of aboriginal health promotion to health providers. It is imperative that anti-smoking be reinforced for those regular smokers to prevent induction of lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 2002

The hospice activities in Korea have still stood in the premature stage, although the contemporary hospice program, which professionally accommodates terminally ill patients, appeared in the history 35 years ago. Especially, the availability of the facility hospice is not only poor in number, but also lack of a guideline for the conduct of the facility. Saemmul Hospice has keenly felt the necessity of more facility hospices and has interchanged experiences and informations with people interested in hospice. However, the number of facilities has fallen short of one's expectations, and many problems have been revealed in order to maintain the operation. This paper was written in order to improve these atmospheres and to help more terminally ill cancer patients properly. This paper clarifies in detail the principle of management, the method of practice in each departments of Saemmul Hospice, expected effects and supplemental items. We try to provide concrete and practical informations and to help extensively for all peoples who are to begin or currently working. 1.Facility: It secures, maintain, and manage the hospice environment for all around care of patients effectively. 2.Education and Volunteer: It trains and manages hospice volunteers devoted to hospice. 3.Financial: It manages donation by healthy soul with an effective method. 4.Administration and Organization: It executes the administration efficiently and constitutes the organization to operate. 5.Medical and Nursing: It offers the maximum professional supports to a hospital. 6.Medicine and alternative medicine: It improves the quality of life of patients by medical and pharmaceutical approach and by other possible methods available. 7.Nutrition: It helps patients to have diets in accord with the order of the creation. 8.Belief: It offers spiritual care which allows the profound relationship with God. 9. Funeral ceremonies: Funeral ceremonies may heal grieves of families faced with their deaths. 10. Bereaved families: It supports the families after the deaths of patients. 11.Reception and consultation: It seeks to help the patients who meet the purposes for which Saemmul Hospice is established. 12.Publication: It allows publicity activities for Saemmul Hospice. Facility hospice programs are able to overcome the disadvantages that the other type of the hospice possess, like as the economic burdens of the families, and the patients' losses of comforts of home after being transferred to a hospital. Facility hospice can provide home atmosphere with professional manpower and facilities like hospital to the patients. Therefore, it can also improve patients' qualities of life and make them comfortable death. We anticipate that the hospice program in Korea would be more active to let more people be indebted to maintain the nobel human dignity and to cross beautifully in the most painful process of dying in the journey of their lives.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.487-495
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the associated factors with oral health behavior in public health majoring students. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, the subjects were 474 health-related majoring students in Jeollanamdo. A self-reported questionnaire was completed from September 1 to 15, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, oral health related characteristics, oral health knowledge and behavior. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.3 version. T-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the related factors with oral health behavior. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ in oral health knowledge in this study was 0.52 and that in oral health behavior was 0.80. Results: The overall score of oral health behavior was $3.38{\pm}0.52$. Of all behaviors, the practice in brush of teeth and tongue had the highest mean score. In multiple regression analysis, oral health knowledge in the nursing and dental hygiene students was positively associated with the oral health behavior(${\beta}=0.04$, p=0.003, ${\beta}=0.23$, p=0.003, and ${\beta}=0.18$, p=0.034, respectively). Necessity of dental care, one of oral symptom, and more than two oral symptoms were negatively associated with oral health behavior(${\beta}=-0.14$, p=0.002, ${\beta}=-0.11$, p=0.037, and ${\beta}=-0.17$, p=0.011, respectively). Conclusions: Higher oral health knowledge showed higher levels of oral health behavior. These results will enhance the quality of oral health behavior by increasing the level of oral health knowledge. The optimal oral health education program would be able to improve oral health behavior by increasing the level of oral health knowledge.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2016

Background: Glycemic control is an effective way to reduce the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, but more than half of the adults with diabetes in Korea are improperly controlling their glycemic levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors associated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This study analyzed 1,261 subjects ${\geq}30years$ old diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012). Poor glycemic control rates were defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ${\geq}7%$. To shed light on the causes of poor glycemic control, socio-demographics, diabetes severity, health status, and health behavior factors were adjusted and logistic regression was done. Results: Of the total 1,261 patients, 53.0% of patients with type 2 diabetes had HbA1c ${\geq}7%$. After running a logistic regression model, the odds ratio of poor glycemic control was higher in high school graduates than elementary school graduates; in people living in Chungcheong and Jeolla/Jeju than those living in Seoul; in the group with diabetes for over 5 years had diabetes less than 5 years; in a group with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent treatment than non-treatment; in a group with hypertriglyceridemia than without hypertriglyceridemia; and in the group with slept less than 6 hours slept 7-8 hours. Conclusion: We need a comprehensive public health policy to reduce the poor glycemic control rates in type 2 diabetes patients. We should recognize the education levels, duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment, hypertriglyceridemia, and sleep duration were associated with poor glycemic control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.339-356
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors which influence the college student sex behavior. The results can be used as the basis to establish health polices and a health promotion program to reduce the risks of sexual behavior of college students. The study subjects were random selected from college students in Kyonggido. The 335 subjects were selected from 4 schools including three colleges and one university. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 350 students, 335 of which were analyzed (after excluding the 15 incomplete or inaccurate data). The study took place between December 7-19, 1998. Regarding the analysis method, the SPSS program was used. The relationship between social and demographic characteristics and relevant factors was identified through Chi-squared test. The major findings of the study were follows: 1. Of the 335 respondents, thirty seven percent of men and ten percent of women had already experienced sexual intercourse. Significantly more males had experienced sexual experience than women. The majority of students, living with both their parents had less sexually experience than that living without their parents. There were religious differences, that students who believed in buddhism had more sexual experience than christian or catholic students. Students who reported drinking alcohol frequently had more sexual experience than those who didn't and it was statistically significant (${\chi}^2=47.6$ df=4 p=0.000). 2. Sexual awareness was relatively low. High level group of sex knowledge were less sexual experience than middle or low level group (${\chi}^2=6.038$ df=2 p=0.049). Women were more sexually aware than men (${\chi}^2=20.814$ df=2 p=0.000). Groups who had sisters and brothers were more sexually aware than those who few sisters and brothers. 3. Sixty one percent of respondents said that chastity before marriage should be kept but twenty four percent of them felt that it was unnecessary. Opponents to chastity before marriage had more sex experience than those for. It was statistically significant (${\chi}^2=48.967$ df=2 p=0.000). Those who agreed with the questionnaire point 'Even if people are not married, if they love each other, they can have sexual intercourse.' had more sexual intercourse than those who didn't agree. Those who agreed with the questionnaire point 'Even though people doesn't like, they can still have sexual intercourse.' had more sexual intercourse than those who disagree. On this point, men were three times higher of the opinion than women. So we can see the difference in the perception between men and women. As a result of this study, sexual awareness influences sexual attitudes and sexual attitudes influence sexual awareness influences sexual activity includes poor knowledge and uninformed attitudes about sex. Therefore sex education is needed and it is very important to reestablish concepts about sex.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.24-34
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• 2017

Nail art is a kind of nail painting or decoration that adds to the beauty. Throughout making nail art, the worker was on a dusty operation with the smoothing of chemicals and nails. People working at nail shops not only use a variety of chemicals, but also experience a lot of fine powder during the process of nail trimmings. While drying the chemical adhesive, the workers often complain of eye, nose and throat discomfort. In addition, the acrylic brush is characterized by a lot of smell when washed with washing solution. Also nail art workers directly influence the worker's breathing through the work done by placing the guest's hands in a work space called a nail table. Chemical ingredients used in nail art procedures include acetone, ethyl acetic acid, toluene, butyl acetic acid, glue, and top coating of nail varnishes. Prolonged inhalation of these substances may cause dizziness, vomiting, as well as impaired respiratory system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the respiratory symptoms of nail shop workers who are likely to be affected by work in nail shop and to find out which factors have the greatest influence if they have respiratory symptoms. Therefore this study is to provide basic data on the health management system of people engaged in nail shop and to develop health education program. For this study, the data collection was collected on July 7, 2017 for the nail shop workers attending the nail art trend seminar held in Gwangju, in Korea. The data were all 236. However, except for the poor data, 208 data were used for the final analysis. The questionnaire consisted of 30 in general questions, questions about self-efficacy in 24 questions. elf-efficacy measuring tool developed by A.Y, Kim, I. Y, Park(2001). The self-efficacy questionnaire consists of 24 items and is self-reported 7-point Likert scale. The reliability of this tool was cronbach alpha = .934.The collected data were analyzed using spss 18.0. Information of Research participant performed frequency analysis. To examine the effects of personal characteristics on self-efficacy, $X^2$ analysis was conducted. And also $X^2$ analysis was conducted to analyze the coughing symptom appearance according to individual and environmental factors. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine which of the personal and environmental factors influenced cough symptoms.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2004

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its correlation to the underlying diseases of women in Daegu. Materials and Methods: Urinary incontinence questionnaire regarding age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, menopausal status, history of hormonal replacement therapy, abortion history, and any underlying diseases were administered from May to November, 2001 to 412 women over 20 who had been randomly selected from the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yeungnam University. The clinical characteristics of women who experience, and those who do not experience urinary incontinence were compared by means of the Student's t-test for continuous variables and by the Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the urinary incontinent group (N=193) was 44.2 years. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of incontinence with the increase of age (p=0.000). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was significantly related to the number of deliveries and the mode of delivery (p=0.007, p=0.001) No significant relationship was demonstrated between urinary incontinence and BMI (body mass index); the number of abortions; hormonal status; or any underlying diseases such as thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory disease. Also, most of the urinary incontinent women didn't recognize their incontinence as pathological and consequently, didn't consult a physician. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the prevalence of urinary incontinence is significantly correlated to age, parity, and the mode of delivery. Most of the middle-aged women who suffered from urinary incontinence didn't recognize their incontinence a pathological. Those results suggest that women in this age group need more information and more education about urinary incontinence.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.532-539
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• 2018

This study is a descriptive study to analyze the hand washing practice of nurses working in clinic applying health belief model. This research involved 162 clinical nurse at G city. The data were collected from Sep 1, 2017 to Oct 31, 2017. The collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test, 1-way ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, where p-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant by using SPSS 20.0. The overall practice of hand washing by general subjects were high 3.1 in all subjects, but there was no statistically significant difference. Health beliefs about hand washing practice according to general characteristics showed significant difference in perceived benefits (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference in perceived benefits and perceived barriers in age(p<0.05). In regard to the correlation among the subfactor of health beliefs, benefits had a statistically significant negative correlation to barriers and, positively correlated to cues to action. The results of this study suggest that continuing education of infection management in hospitals considering health beliefs about proper hand washing training will enhance hand washing practice.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.841-855
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• 2009

The main objective of this study is to examine the situations of group-homes for the elderly and clarify the problems of them. This study investigates the present conditions of welfare facilities and supply conditions. 4 group-homes were surveyed in Jeonju and Kwangju cities. Data was collected through various ways including the survey conducted by facility operators, the measurement of living space, and photo-takings. The major results of this study are as follows: 1) With the introduction of nursing care insurance in 2008, the increase of the demand and supply to group-home will be expected, due to less cost for recuperation. The care of elderly in homelike atmosphere is effective to the elderly suffering from dementia. Therefore, it is proper that the supply of group-homes for dementia will be needed. 2) Group-homes for the elderly are being supplied under the standards of welfare facilities in the present. Separate supply standards, however, are needed because they are not suitable for small scale group-homes. 3) To supply Group-homes for the elderly on a one-unit basis would cause various problems such as economical unreality, personnel distribution and so on. It is necessary to supply more than two units for more efficient management. 4) The management of group-homes for the elderly is financially unstable because the operating funds heavily depend on the users or people who are connected with the facilities through private networks. Therefore, additional support is needed to settle the financial problem. It would be helpful to build the public networking that provides information about the group-home for the elderly for the public. 5) In case of the increase in the supply of the group-home in a residential area, it could be helpful to promote the group-home to the public. 6) The operators state that the main problems of group homes for the elderly lie in financial difficulties and the shortage of professionals and volunteers. The financial, personnel, and material support for personnel and the supervision of management are required for the transparency and effectiveness of the facility management. In addition, the closer network and cooperation system with the community is required. 7) The present living environments for group-homes for the elderly leave much room for improvement, considering the physical condition of the elderly. The more careful selections in the color, shape, material, and equipment of the facilities should be made for the convenience of the elderly users.