• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.188-195
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• 1999

Cutting edge plays an important role in generating machined surface. In order to consider the geometric effects of the cutting edge on mechanical states, the concept of ploughing force and stagnation point was introduced which explains the generating mechanism of machined surface during cutting. The effects of edge radius and nose radius of cutting tool on the distribution of residual stresses of the machined surface having several hardness were studied. Good machined surface having high compressive residual surface stresses can be achieved if cutting tools having large edge radius and small nose radius are used for cutting work materials having high hardness with high depth of cut. The magnitude of edge radius and the hardness of work material also affected the shape of the chip in orthogonal cutting.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

In this paper, thermo-viscoplastic finite element analysis of the effect of tool edge radius on cutting process are performed. The thermo-viscoplastic cutting model is capable of dealing with free chip geometry and chip-tool contact length. The coupling with thermal effects is also considered. Orthogonal cutting experiments are performed for 0.2% carbon steel with tools having 3 different edge radii and the tool forces are measured. The experimental results are discussed in comparison with the results of the FEM analysis. From the study, we confirm that this cutting model can well be applied to the cutting process considered the tool edge radius and that a major causes of the "size effect" is the tool edge radius. With numerical analysis, the effects of the tool edge radius on the stress distributions in workpiece, the temperature distributions in workpiece and tool, and the chip shape are investigated.estigated.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2020

Numerical investigation of the groove trap effect with variation in the groove-edge radius of curvature is presented here. The trap effect is evaluated in a two-dimensional sliding bearing using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This simulation is based on the discrete phase model (DPM) and standard k - ε turbulence model using commercial CFD software, FLUENT. The numerical results are evaluated by comparisons with streamlines and particle trajectories in the grooves. Grooves are applied to various lubrication systems to improve their lubrication characteristics, such as load carrying capacity increment, leakage reduction, frictional loss reduction, and preventing three-body abrasive wear due to trapping effect. This study investigates the grove trapping effect for various groove-edge radius of curvature values and Reynolds numbers. The particle is assumed to be made of steel, with a circular shape, and is injected as a single particle in various positions. One-way coupling is used in the DPM model because the single particle injection condition is applied. Further, the "reflect" condition is applied to the wall boundary and "escape" condition is used for the "pressure inlet" and "pressure outlet" boundaries. From the numerical results, the groove edge radius is found to influence the groove trap effect. Moreover, the groove trap effect is more effective when applying the groove edge radius.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

The incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations are solved using the standard $\textsc{k}-\varepsilon$ turbulence model and a finite volume method(FVM)with an O-type grid system. The computed results for its performance test are in good agreement with the published experimental data. The present method is applied to the study on the leading edge radius of a hydrofoil section Calculated results suggest that the leading edge radius has some effects on cavitation performances of a 2-D foil. A natural leading edge radius for the NACA66 section is determined from this study.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.247-248
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• 2010

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2012

The material removal mechanism in machining is significantly affected by the cutting edge geometry. Its effect becomes even more substantial when the depth of cut is relatively small as compared to the characteristic length which represents the shape and size of the cutting edge. Conventionally, radius or focal length has been employed as the characteristic length with the assumption that the shape of cutting edge is round or parabolic. However, in reality, there could be various ways to determine the radius or focal length even for the same tool edge profile, depending on the region to be considered as cutting edge in the measured profile and the constraints to be set in constructing the best fitted circle or parabola. In this regard, the present study proposes various models to determine the characteristic length in terms of radius or focal length. Their physical compatibility are validated by carrying out 2D orthogonal cutting experiments using inserts with a wide range of characteristic length ($30{\sim}180\;{\mu}m$ in terms of radius) and then by investigating the correlation between the characteristic length and the cutting forces. Such validation is based on the common belief that the larger the characteristic length is, the blunter the cutting edge is and the higher the cutting forces are. Interestingly, the results showed that the correlation is higher for the radius or focal length obtained with a constraint that the center of best fitted circle or the focus of the best fitted parabola should be on the bisectional line of the wedge angle of tool.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1996

A clear understanding of the surface formation mechanism due to cutting is very important to help produce a good quality surface. Much of the roughness along the length of a bar being cut in a lathe can be explained in terms of macroscopic tool shape and feed rate. However, the roughness along the direction of cutting requires a different explanation. The formation of surface roughness is a problem in flow and fracture of materials in the vicinity of the tool edge. On a microscopic scale the cutting edge is rounded because it is impossible to grind a perfectly sharp cutting edge. Even if a perfectly sharp cutting edge were obtained it would soon become dull as a result of rapid breakdown and wear of the cutting edge. A research project is proposed in which in the main object is to model the surface formation mechanism due to cutting. The tool was assumed to be dull, that is, its edge has a finite radius. In order to study the effect of the radius of cutting edge on the surface formation, tools having different cutting edges were used. For orthogonal cutting experiment, cast iron and glass were chosen as brittle materials. Plowing forces acting in the cutting edge were estimated and its effect on the surface roughness was studied by observing the machined surface using optical microscope.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 신호처리소사이어티 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.7-10
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• 2003

This paper proposes the multiple objects focusing algorithm. Given multiple objects at different distances from a camera, we assume that one object is well-focused and the others are out-of-focused. The proposed auto-focusing algorithm is summarized as follows: (i) detects edges from an input image, (ⅱ) estimates the radius of PSF (Point Spread Function) across the edge, (ⅲ) gather edge points having same radius of PSF, (ⅳ) segments the image into regions with the same radius of PSF, and (ⅴ) restores the each segmented region using the corresponding PSF.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1995

Ultraprecision machining technology has been playing a rapidly increasing and important role in manufacturing. However, the physics of the micromachining process at very small depth of cut, which is typically 1 .mu. m or less is not well understool. Shear along the shear plane and friction at the rake face dominate in conventional machining range. But sliding along the flank face of the tool due to the elastic recovery of the workpiece material and the effects of plowing due to the large effective negative rake angle resultant from the tool edge radius may become important in micromachining range. This paper suggests an orthogonal cutting model considering the cutting edge radius and then quantifies the effect of plowing due to the large effective negative rake angle.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2017

프레스금형(press dies)에 의한 굽힘가공(bending work) 이라는 것은 평평한 블랭크(blank)를 필요로 하는 각도(角度)로 굽히는 것이다. 굽힘가공을 하면 굽혀진부분(flange)과 굽혀지지 않은 부분(web)으로 구분되며, 굽힘라인(bending line) 부분에는 굽혀진 각도(bending angle)와 굽힘반지름(bending radius)이 내측과 외측으로 성형된다. 이때, 내측 굽힘반지름의 크기는 제품의 재질별로 최소치수가 제시 된다. 제시된 최소치수 보다 작게 굽히면 절단면 굽힘부위에 덧살이 발생 하거나 외측 굽힘반지름 부위에는 균열(crack)이 생긴다. 굽힘가공에서의 외측 굽힘반지름은 자연적으로 생긴다. 그래서 외측 굽힘반지름 치수를 굽힘펀치와 다이블록으로 조정하면서 필요한 치수로 굽힐수 없다. 굽힘가공에는 V-굽힘, U-굽힘, Z-굽힘, O-굽힘, P-굽힘, 에지굽힘(edge bending), 트위스트굽힘(twist bending), 크림핑(crimping) 등이 있다.이 중에서 Z-굽힘은 굽힘라인이 2개로써 블랭크의 상면(上面)과 하면(下面)에 설정하여 상향(上向)굽힘이나 하향(下向)굽힘으로 작동되는 금형을 사용한다. Z-굽힘을 크랭크굽힘(crank bending) 이라고도 한다. 이런 구조의 금형으로 Z-굽힘가공을 하면 내측반지름은 표준치수로 굽혀진다. 표준치수라는 것은 굽힘가공에서 굽힐 수 있는 최소 굽힘반지름 치수로서 굽힘펀치의 각(角)반지름(Rp)를 뜻한다. 그런데 산업현장에서는 외측 굽힘반지름 치수를 굽힘펀치와 다이블록으로 굽힐수 없는 미세한 샤프에지(sharp edge) 형상인 매우 작은 치수(R=0.2mm)를 필요로하고 있는 바, 본 논문에서는 외측 굽힘반지름 치수를 0.2mm 이하로 굽힐수 있는 Z-굽힘가공 공법을 개발 하고자 하였다.