• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1994

Followings are resulted through the analysis of the maln characters and the leaf ingredients, which is on the purpose of getting the basic materials to improve jaso and increase its production.Of the introduced varieties, Jukyeubjaso-stem length is 180cm, ear length is 37cm, No. of branches ofstem is 27, leaf length Is 16cm, leaf width Is 15cm-has better character than any other. Gurye local-stem length is 179cm, ear length is 38cm-is taken to be the best in the Geo-ecotypic.In the yield of leaf and seed, JukyeubJaso Is 727kg/10a, the greatest of all. In the leaf softness, allthe Inirorluced varieties are about 3.5 degrees, the Geo-ecotypic, about 2. The qualify of the introducedvat'ieties is better· than that of the Geo-ecotypic. Estimating on the chemical analysis of leaf,Jukyeubjaso has Protein 21.84%, Total carbohydrate 7.91%, Fe 126ppm, and Gurye lacal has Protein21.7 a, Total carbohydrate 8.4%, Fe 148ppm, expressing the highest. In correlation coefficients of leafchemical components, between protein and Total carbohydrate, Protein and Mn, protein and Fe, Pro-tein and Cu all the sorts show the positive correlation. Among them the Geo-ccoyplcs show the hlghestsignificance.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 1993

The ecotypic variation of Phragmites communis Trin. was studied from Aug. 1989 to March 1992 in three populations of salt marsh, estuary and fresh water areas of the western coastal regions in Korea. The length growth and aboveground total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. From three habitates were measured monthly and the seeds from them collected. Chlorophyll contents, bud number and width of Phragmites communis Trin. populations after their seeds were sown in seedbeds, and the growth of seedlings according to salt contents were also determined. The results lare summarized as follows: The height and basal diameter of shoot, leaf length and width, and total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. were very different from each other according to their natural habitats. The bud number of seeds was increased as sample sites moved from estuary to fresh water areas and salt marsh. The but the bud diameter turned out to be in reverse proportion to the bud number. The chlorophyll content of the population from fresh water was $8.6901{\mu}g/ml$, whereas that from estuary and salt marsh was $9.61801{\mu}g/ml$ and $10.3160{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The average length growth and total dry weight of seedlings grown at different salt contents were compared. Those of fresh water area decreased at salt contents lower than 0.5% in culture solution and those of estuary at higher than 0.5%, but the population of salt marsh was shown to be capable of sustaining itself at 1.0%. All of these results suggested that the populations of Phragmites communis Trin. in the western coastal regions of Korea have undergone ecotypic variations: fresh water type, estuary type and salt marsh type.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.379-398
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• 1991

In order to investigate the ecotypic variations of pulsatilla koreana nakai distributed in korea, 8 local populations of the plant were selected in accordance with latitude and compared on the differences of leaf shape, elongstion, stomatal distribution and dhlorophyll content. The incised angle of the plant is 38。32' in cheju, showing a great difference as compared with 23。77'-30。 32' of the other sites. as to the incised rate, mt. togyu and cheju representsed relatively high values of 49.04% and 48.21% the parted leaved individuals were only observed along the warm current coastal area including cheju, sokcho and sunchon and were 54(62.8%), 2(2.5%) and 3(3.3%) in the sites, respectively. Especially, the individuals consisting of only parted learves were 5(5.8%) in cheju alone and none of the other sites showed such individuals at all. So p. cernua distributed in cheju and p. koreana in inland area can be considered to beecotypic variations of the same species from the upper investigations. According to the elongations of leaf and rachis, the local populations could be classified into 3 types, such as warm current coastal area type(cheju,sunchon and sokcho),southern inland area type(andong, chungju and mt. togyu)and central inland ara type(mt. komdan and hongchon). The dentate numbera of 39.80-43.73 in the warm current area were also different from those of 87% in mt.togyu and 15% in hongchon, while opposite leaflets account for 100% in the other sites. The content of chlorophyll ranged from 0.609 mg/g. d.w.(cheju)to 0.924 mg/g.d.w.(hongchon), showing an increasing trends as the latitudes grow higher. The number of stomata on the low epidermis is much larger than that on the upper epidermis in the whole area. But both aspects showed an increasing tendency, too as the latitude becomes higher.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2013

Two varieties of Aucuba japonica differ in ways that can be considered adaptive to differing geo-climatic conditions in their respective distribution ranges. Irrespective of growth stage, the mean leaf size of A. japonica var. japonica was significantly larger than A. japonica var. borealis. Smaller leaf size and ultimately smaller stature of A. japonica var. borealis are an advantage under the higher snow load and lower temperatures in the forests along the East Sea where the variety grows. Snow load also acted as an important driving force for structural modifications of A. japonica var. borealis from cellular level in leaves to the organization of branch extension growth. Global warming by changing snowfall patterns in Japan may lead to range shifts in the two varieties of A. japonica.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

Salinity ecotypes in Ulva pertusa Kjellman were examined for the growth responses of the three isolates taken from different salinity regimes. All isolates showed a broad salinity tolerance, but growth patterns were correlated with the salinity regime of their original habitat. The germlings from Anin exhibited optimum growth at the native salinity of 32%. The germlings from Yongyon which had hypersaline habitats were tolerable to high salinity, i.e. growth rates peaked at 40%, whereas those from Samgando which had low salinities achieved maximum growth rate at 24\%. The germlings of inter-isolate cross demonstrated intermediate growth response between that of their respective parents. Our data also clearly indicated intraspecific differences among the three isolates, which was interpreted as development of different physiological ecotypes. We conclude that U. pertusa may consist of several ecotypes, each of which has some capacity for physiological adaptation to salinity variations.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.501-514
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• 1993

In order to study the ecotypic variation of Robinia pseudo-acacza L. distributed in southern area of Korean peninsula, 15 local populations(Daejin, Sokcho, Kangneung, Mt. Surak, Hongcheon, Kwangneung, Namhansanseong, Chungju, Yesan, Andong, Jeonju, Dalseong, Changweon, Mokpo and Wando), located from $34^{\circ}18'N\;to\;38^{\circ}36'N$, were selected based on their latitudes and geographical distances. Seeds of these populations were collected and their germination and growth of seedlings were investigated. The optimum temperature of seed germination tends to decrease with ascending latitudes. The optimum temperatures of local populations were classified into three types: the north central type of $25^{\circ}C$(Daejin, Sokcho, Kangneung, Mt. Surak, Hongcheon, Kwangneung), the south central type of $30^{\circ}C$(Narnhansanseong. Chungju, Yesan, Andong, Jeonju), and the southern type of $35^{\circ}C$(Dalseong, Changweon, Mokpo, Wando). The optimum temperature for the growth of seedlings was $25^{\circ}C$ for all populations. The populations were also classified into three types : north central type, south central type and southern type based on the ranking on the growth of seedlings at 5 different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, and the results of seedling growth showed similar patterns to those of the seed germination.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 1993

In order to study and ecotypic variation of Phragmites communis Trin., we investigated germination rates, velocities, and protein band patte군 of seeds of three population of salt marsh, estuary and fresh water areas of Muan Peninsular in southwestern coast of Korea from March, 1990 to October, 1992. The highest germination rates of seeds were observed at $25^{\circ}C$; those of population of the estuary and fresh water are were 100% and that of the salt marsh was 95%. Similar germination rates were observed from the populations of estuary and fresh water areas at $30^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, but they decreased at $15^{\circ}C$. The onset of germination of seeds of three population was earlier $^{\circ}C$, but they decreased at $15^{\circ}C$. The onset of germination of seeds of th three populations was earlier at both $25^{\circ}C$, which was higher than those of any other areas, while that of fresh water areas was the lowest. were different; those of salt marsh and estuary decreased to 30% and 2.5%, respectively, at 3.0% of salt content, but seeds of the fresh water area did not germinate at all at the same salt content. The onset of germination was delayed in the order of the salt marsh, esturay and fresh water areas as salt content of culture solution increased. Germination of seeds from the population of salt marsh was found to begin earliest. The highest germination velocity of three populations was observed in the culture containing no salt. The germination velocity constant decreased as salt content of culture solution increased from 0.5% to 3.0%: those of the populations of the salt marsh, estuary, and fresh water areas were 9.50, 0.75 and 0.00, respectively, at the salt concentration of 3.0%. Soluble protein patterns of seedings from the three populations were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method. The results showed that protein patterns of the three populations were distinctly different qualitatively and quantitatively. The present study suggests that populations of Phragmites communis Trin. in the coast of Korea had taken ecotypic variations of habitats, i.e., fresh water, estuary, and salt marsh types, according to the salt content.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 1983

This research was made over drought resistance and optimum soil moisture needed with Plantago asiatica L. as the material by means of making out the process of its growth under different soil moisture contents. The soil used for the experiment was a mixture of vermiculite and c-layer soil, and the process of growth was compared with each other controlling its soil mositure as: 7%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. In 7% range of soil moisture which was of low content, the increase of growth was neither significantly indicated nor any permanent seeding done. In view of this phenomenon, Plantago asiatica L. appeared to be highly drought-resistant. It was found rising at 30% range and reaching the optimum state at 45% range and falling down at 60% range range. In viw of this fluctuation indicated above, the optimum soil moisture content needed for the growth of Plantago asiatica L. is thought to be between 30% and 60%. It is thought the number of seed per capsule is not affected by the soil moisture content. It is expected an ecotypic variation by the soil moisture content will bring forth upon Plantago asiatica L.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.515-526
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• 1993

In order to study the ecotypic variation of Rohinia pseudo-acacia L. distributed in southern area of Korean peninsula, 15 local populations(Daejin, Sokcho, Kangneung, Mt. Surak, Hongcheon, Kwangneung, Namhansanseong, Chungju, Yesan, Andong, Jeonju, Dalseong, Changweon, Mokpo and Wando), located from $34^{\circ}18'N\;to\;38^{\circ}36'N$, were selected based on the latitudes and geographical distances. Seeds of these populations were collected and protein contents of seeds and their band patterns were investigated. The seed proteins of all populations were electrophoresed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Total number of protein bands were 35, whose molecular weights ranged from 17, 258 daltons to 142, 232 daltons. The number of bands of seed proteins was 23 in Dalseong and Hongcheon and was 32 in Daejin and Sokcho, showing an increasing tendency in the number of bands as the latitude goes high. The local populations were classified into 3 local types based on protein analysis: the middle north east coastal type(Daejin, Sokcho. Kangneung), the central type (Mt. Surak, Hongcheon, Kwangneung, Namhansanseong, Chungju) and the southern type(Yesan, Andong, Jeonju, Dalseong, Changweon, Mokpo, Wando). According to the results of cluster analysis by UPGMA based on the similarity index(c0efficient of Jaccard) of the patterns, 3 local types were subdivided further into 6 types: the middle north east coastal type(Sokcho, Kangneung), the north central type I (Mt. Surak, Hongcheon), the north central type II (Narnhansanseong, Chungju, Daejin), the north central type III (Kwangneung), the south central type (Yesan, Dalseong, Jeonju) and the southern type(Andong, Changweon, Mokpo, Dalseong, Wando). The No. 12 band of the separated seed proteins showed the highest colored density in the preparations from all the populations. The No. 11~13 and No. 23~28 bands also showed high densities. As a whole, southern type populations (Changweon, Mokpo, Wando) showed high protein contents and high colored density. Total protein contents of the seeds in each population were variable from 9. 68mg / g (Mt. Surak) to 17.30mg/g (Jeonju), showing an increasing trends toward low latitudes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2011

In order to investigate the variations on the ratio of mannose to galactose in the seeds of Phaseolus angularis, 17 local strains (Yangyang, Pyeongchang, Ganghwa, Pocheon, Geumsan, Seocheon, Jincheon, Danyang, Tongyeong, Sancheong, Gumneung, Wolseong, Wando, Gokseong, Okgu, Jangsu, Bukjeju), which are located from $33^{\circ}15'N$ to $38^{\circ}11'N$, were selected according to their latitudes and geographical distances. The seeds of these strains were collected and their contents of mannose and galactose were analyzed. Mannose contents in the seeds were variable, ranging from 17.071 mg/g at its highest (Jangsu) and 6.488 mg/g at its lowest (Geumsan). The contents of galactose also showed remarkable differences, ranging from 9.477 mg/g (Wolseong) to 19.877 mg/g (Jangsu). The local strains were classified into 3 variation types - coastal type I (Wando, Okgu, Bukjeju), the inland type (Jangsu, Weolseong, Danyang, Geumneung, Pyeongchang, Sancheong) and coastal type II (Ganghwa, Seocheon, Tongyeong, Jincheon), as well as 4 strange strains (Gokseong, Yangyang, Pocheon, Geumsan) according to the geographical climatic type and the ratio of mannose to galactose, which indicate the hardness of seeds in Leguminosae and ranged from 0.64 to 1.22. The variation types are very significant genecologically as evidence for microevolution related to natural and artificial selection in cultivated plants.