• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

Currently, the nature and ecosystem's destruction by human beings and science is appearing as a serious problem. The possibility of ecological aesthetics is being sought as one of operations for new society in the contemporary society that the nature and ecosystem are getting attention, The present research aims to examine the characteristics and its expression method by setting the ecological aesthetics as an alternative of the future design. The history, meaning, mental image and image of Korean traditional Space forming the balance and harmony with the Nature, etc., which are important design concepts, were deduced as the beauty of emptiness, the beauty of a gap, the beauty of harmony and the beauty of changing and the beauty of simplicity as characteristics of experiencing space. If the deduced expression is examined through a case analysis of traditional housing, the characteristics trying to unite with the Nature while seeing ecology and aesthetics as one root, which the ecological aesthetics regarding as a root. The ecological arts based on the ecological aesthetics enters inside the universal life of human beings by examining the ecological and aesthetic characteristics appearing in Korean traditional Space, and the arts will move forward in a direction that its function and role link with maintenance of total ecosystem. The space application possibility and expression characteristics of ecological aesthetics should be continuously researched.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.545-553
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• 2012

In Asia, including Japan and Korea, rice paddies occupy the largest cultivated area in agricultural land. Rice paddies provide the habitats for many organisms including endemic species, sustaining high biodiversity. Insect natural enemies inhabiting rice paddies have an important function for rice production as agents of 'ecosystem services' because they play a major role in suppressing rice pests. The diversity and abundance of natural enemies can be a good index reflecting the 'healthiness' of agro-ecosystem services in rice paddies. The present study investigates whether insect natural enemies could be good biological indicators for general arthropod biodiversity and agricultural practice. First, the concept of ideal bio-indicators was summarized. The strategy to explore and select such bio-indicators was then proposed. Lastly, field survey was made to evaluate the abundance and biodiversity of natural enemies in Japanese rice paddies where chemical inputs, i.e., insecticide use, were different. The results showed that reduction of chemical inputs led to an increase in species richness or diversity of natural enemies including parasitoids and predators. Then, the data were analyzed to examine suitable indicator species to assess environmental soundness of agricultural practice and biodiversity in rice paddies. The density of several species of natural enemies did respond both to pesticide use and to general arthropod biodiversity. The analyses thus have indicated that natural enemies can be suitable as bio-indicators. Usefulness of indicator species in rice paddies is discussed in the context of ecologically sound agriculture.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 1982

The tropic structure and the function of a small pone ecosystem under the tree stand were studied in terms of energy flow. About 28% of total solar radiation was intercepted by the tree canopy over the pond. Primary producers converted 1.1%(3,382 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$) of solar radiation (320,000 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$) into gross primary production. The amount of energy availble to the pond snail was 1,683 kcal.m-2.y-1 of the net production by primary producers and 1,033 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$ of the litter fallen into the pond. The amount of gross secondary production by the pond snail was 245 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$. Judging from these, supply of both net primary production and the litter was indispensable for the maintenance of the pond ecosystem. The total amont of energy as gross primary production plus litter was 4,415 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$(100%). Since the total respiration loss was calculated to be 1,917 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$(43.4%), the rate of energy accumulation in the pond estimated to 56.6%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2021

하천은 인간뿐만 아니라 다양한 생물이 서식하는 장소로 하천생태계 보전은 수많은 생물들에게 있어 중요한 요소이다. 1970년대의 국내 하천은 대부분 자연하천의 모습을 경제 성장과 더불어 도시화, 공업화 등으로 용수 수요가 급속히 증가함에 따라 기능 위주의 하천관리가 이루어졌으며, 이로 인해 하천유황의 장기적인 변화가 나타났다. 변화가 발생한 하천은 본래의 모습인 자연 하천으로 완벽하게 복원될 수 없다는 한계점이 있으나, 자연과 인간이 서로 유익하게 도움을 주는 양방향 관계로 발전한다면 하천의 기능도 유지하고 하천수생생물 보존에도 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 즉, 하천이 갖고 있는 하천공학적 기능을 최대한 유지하면서도 다양한 수생생물의 서식처의 기능도 되살아나게 해야하는 복합적인 목적을 갖고 있다. 하천 수생생물의 서식처 복원을 위해서는 하천생태계에 필요한 환경유량의 정량적인 평가와 확보방안 및 공급방안의 검토가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 HEC-EFM(Ecosystem Function Model)을 활용하여 하천 수생생물의 서식조건을 고려한 환경유량을 산정하였다. 연구 대상유역은 2013년 김천부항댐이 준공된 감천유역을 연구대상유역으로 선정하였으며, 댐 건설에 따른 환경유량의 변화와 기후변화를 고려한 가까운 미래의 수문환경 변화 및 이에 따른 환경유량과 하천생태계 서식처 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.167-177
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• 2015

This study was conducted to establish an inventory and propose conservation strategies for 'village wetlands' in Asan city, Korea, using GIS. As results, the village wetlands are defined as such places as 'palustrine' wetland, village embankment, agricultural reservoir or small reservoirs located in or near the village and related to everyday life or farming. Firstly 807 provisional village wetlands(draft) were identified in Asan by using Arc-GIS 10.1, then 196 wetlands(final) were defined finally as village wetlands and listed the inventory of Asan Village Wetlands after being validated through office works and field survey. The office works analyzed minimum area(greater than $625m^2$), satellite images, the Korea Land Information System, land use map and land coverage map. To evaluate the function and conservation values, the 37 wetlands were selected for detailed surveying and function assessment based on the following criteria : 1) doubled code both wetland and reservoir at digital map, 2) located less than 100m from village and 3) ecologically connected to such ecological resources as seaside mudflats, mountains and green area and ecological passages for small size wildlifes. As the result of the wetland function assessments by the RAM method, 7 wetlands were found to have 'high' wetland function (conservation) 18 wetlands were 'medium' (enhancement) and 12 wetlands were 'low' (restoration or enhancement). Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services through ecological management of wetlands in Asan and connecting with the Ecological Natural Degree were proposed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_3
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• pp.1187-1196
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• 2017

Despite the continuing effort to estimate the value of function and services of ecosystem, most of the researches has used low and medium resolution satellite imagery such as MODIS or Landsat. It means that the researches to measure the ecosystem service value using VHR (Very High Resolution) satellite imagery have not been performed much, while the source of available VHR imagery is increasing. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate and compare the result of ecosystem service value over Sejong city, S. Korea, which is one of the rapidly changed city, through the pixel-based and object-based classification analysis using VHR KOMPSAT-3 images, for more specific and precise information. In the result of the classification, forest and grassland were underestimated while agriculture and urban were overestimated in the pixel-based result compared to the object-based result. Furthermore, bare soil area was presented contrasting result that was increased in the pixel-based result, however, decreased in the object-based result. Using those results, ecosystem service values were estimated. The annual ecosystem service values in 2014 were $8.18 million USD(pixel-based) and $8.63 million USD(object-based), however, decreased to $7.80 million USD(pixel-based) and $8.62 million USD(object-based) in 2016. It is expected to use those results as a preliminary data when to make sustainable development plan and policy to improve the quality of life in the local level.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2019

Oomycetes are widely distributed in various environments, including desert and polar regions. Depending upon different habits and hosts, they have evolved with both saprophytic and pathogenic nutritional modes. Freshwater ecosystem is one of the most important habitats for members of oomycetes. Most studies on oomycete diversity, however, have been biased mostly towards terrestrial phytopathogenic species, rather than aquatic species, although their roles as saprophytes and parasites are essential for freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we isolated oomycete strains from soil sediment, algae, and decaying plant debris in freshwater streams of Korea. The strains were identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA, cox1, and cox2 mtDNA sequences. As a result, we discovered eight oomycete species previously unknown in Korea, namely Phytopythium chamaehyphon, Phytopythium litorale, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium diclinum, Pythium heterothallicum, Pythium inflatum, Pythium intermedium, and Pythium oopapillum. Diversity and ecology of freshwater oomycetes in Korea are poorly understood. This study could contribute to understand their distribution and ecological function in freshwater ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.505-515
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of stream nutrient regime, N:P ratios and suspended solids on fish tolerance/trophic compositions and stream ecosystem health, based on multi-metric model, during 2008-2013. Also, stream ecosystem health was evaluated in relation to chlorophyll-a (CHL) as a measure of algal productivity or indicators of trophic state to water chemical parameters. Total number of sampled fish species were 50 and showed a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2013. The minnow of Zacco platypus, based on the catch per unit effort (CPUE), was the most dominant species (25.9%) among the all species. Spatial heterogeneity was evident in the fish tolerance guilds that showed the dominance of sensitive species (89%) in the headwaters (S1) and the dominance of tolerant species (57%) in the urban. These conditions were directly influenced by concentrations of nutrients and organic matter (COD). The N:P ratios, as a barometer of water pollution, had a negative linear function (R² = 0.40, P < 0.01) with CHL, and the ratios had an important role in changes of COD concentration (R² = 0.40, P < 0.01). Under the circumstances, the N:P ratio directly influenced the relative proportions of fish trophic/tolerance compositions. According to the regression analysis of omnivore (O_m) and insectivore sp. (I_n) on total nitrogen and total phosphorus, nitrogen had no significant influences (P > 0.05) to the two compositions, but phosphorus influenced directly the two guilds [slope (a) = -32.3, R² = 0.25, P < 0.01 in the I_n; a = 40.7, R² = 0.19, P < 0.01 in the O_m]. Such water chemistry and fish trophic guilds determined the stream ecosystem health, based on the multi-metric fish model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Forest ecosystem is considered as an important stepping stone to minimize the impact of climate change. However, the rapid urbanization has caused fragmentation of forest ecosystem. The fragmentation of forest patch results in edge effect which brings about adverse impacts on forest function and structure. Degradation of forest ecosystem decreases carbon sequestration because edge effect reduces productivity. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of forest edge effect on forest ecosystem carbon stock change in Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do. We used connectivity analysis to determine forest edge and core area. The field study sites were selected with considering forest age, density, class and soil type. Secondly, forest carbon stock was calculated with allometric equation. The soil carbon stock was derived from Walkely-Black method. Lastly, Mann-Whitney test was conducted to validate differences between carbon stock in edge and core area. As a result of study, the connectivity analysis was effective to determine forest edge and core. The core and edge of forest patch showed different composition of tree species and soil properties. Carbon stock per tree in the edge area was lower than that in the core area. However, the difference of soil organic carbon content between the edge and core were relatively small. This assessment can be applied for the conservation of forest patch as well as quantitative assessment on the forest carbon stock change caused by fragmentation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-227
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• 2010

This paper was studied $CO_2$ respiration rate with physicochemical properties of soils at wetland, paddy field and forest in Nongju-ri, Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon city, Jeollanam-do. Soil temperature and $CO_2$ respiration rate were measured at the field, and soil pH, moisture and soil organic carbon were analyzed in laboratory. Field monitoring was conducted at 6 points (W3, W7, W13, W17, W23, W27) for wetland, 3 points (P1, P2, P3) for paddy field and 3 points (F1, F2, F3) for forest in 10 January 2009. $CO_2$ concentrations in chamber were measured 352~382 ppm for wetland, 364~382 ppm for paddy field and 379~390 ppm for forest, and the average values were 370 ppm, 370 ppm and 385 ppm, respectively. $CO_2$ respiration rates of soils were measured $-73{\sim}44\;mg/m^2/hr$ for wetland, $-74{\sim}24\;mg/m^2/hr$ for paddy field and $-55{\sim}106\;mg/m^2/hr$ for forest, and the average values were $-8\;mg/m^2/hr$, $-25\;mg/m^2/hr$ and $38\;mg/m^2/hr$. $CO_2$ was uptake from air to soil in wetland and paddy field, but it was emission from soil to air in forest. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in uptake condition increased exponential and linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. But, it in emission condition decreased linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in wetland decreased linear as soil moisture, but its in paddy and forest increased linear as soil moisture. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in all sites increased linear as soil pH, and increasing rate at forest was highest.