• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2009

Riparian vegetation gives basic habitats for animal and other biological organisms. It is one of essential landscapes in river ecosystem. This floral study was conducted to give basic information for management of the Geum river ecosystem. We discovered total 69 plant communities out of 40 sites studied and mean 8 plant communities were analysed per study site. Salix koreensis and Salix subfragilis community were dominant of all communities at tree layer and Salix gracilistyla and Rubus parvifolius were dominant communities at shrub layer. Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis appeared most as perennial grasses and Humulus japonicus, Persicaria thunbergii and Persicaria hydropiper appeared most as annual grasses. Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruticosa and Bidens frondosa were frequently present as exotic species. Grass communities were higher than tree communities because of human disturbance by artificial banks. The number of species was 182 appeared as 53 families 144 species, 34 varieties and 4 forma and mean species number was 25.5 per site. The most abundant site was Yanggang bridge site (14 vegetation association, 49 species) and the least abundant site was Namdaechon, Muju site (3 vegetation association, 12 species). We suggest that continuous riparian vegetation monitoring should be carried out to manage water environment ecologically.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2023

본 연구는 수생태계 생물다양성과 자연 서식지 환경을 유역 수준에서 평가하기 위해 수질과 수생태 분야를 중심으로 통합 지표를 개발하였으며, 지표별 결과 특성을 분석하여 적용성을 검토하였다. 자연성 평가체계는 인간 활동에 의한 교란, 서식지 다양성, 생물다양성, 생태계 구조의 4가지 평가분야와 7개 세부 평가지표로 구성하였다. 하천 생태계의 서식지 보전을 위해 평가 대상 생물군으로 어류를 활용하였으며, 멸종위기야생생물 II급 열목어와 최대 서식지인 계방천과 내린천을 평가대상으로 선정하였다. 조사 수역은 대부분 하천차수가 낮은 산간계류 형태로 열목어의 공서어종은 금강모치와 참갈겨니로 분석되었다. 자연성 평가 결과, 교란 현황 분야에서 본류보다 지류에서 제방 식생이 안정적인 환경을 보였으며, 외부 교란이 적은 것으로 분석되었다. 서식지 다양성 분야에서는 서식지 평가 지수가 평균 200 이상의 높은 점수를 나타내어 최적의 생물서식 환경을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 생물다양성 분야에서는 민감종의 비율이 높고, 용존산소가 많은 편이며 오염물질이 거의 없는 청정상태로 분석되었다. 생태계 구조 분야에서는 생태지표특성 메트릭과 멸종위기야생생물의 출현에 따른 점수 편차가 큰 특성을 보였으나, 대체로 하천생태계 건강성이 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 열목어의 출현 유무에 따라 서식지 환경에 차이를 보이면서 자연성 평가 결과에 다소 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 생태계 변화 관찰 목적에 따라 자연환경 변화를 신속하게 탐지하고 하천생태계보전을 위한 평가체계로 활용하기 위해서는 다양한 유역을 대상으로 조사 분석이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.907-916
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 인공조림된 편백림을 대상으로 식생구조 및 식생천이, 종다양성의 특성을 밝히고자 전남지역의 8곳에 편백림을 대상으로 식생조사를 실시하였다. 이 식생조사 데이터를 활용하여 군집분석 및 서열분석을 실시한 결과 5개 군락으로 단순화되었다. 군락I은 다른 군락에 비해 종다양성지수가 상당히 낮았는데 이는 교목층에 우점한 편백의 수관이 울폐되어 하층식생이 발달하지 않았거나 잡초목(경쟁 자생수종) 제거로 하층식생이 거의 남아있지 않았기 때문이었다. 반면, 군락 II~IV는 하층에 다양한 자생수종이 유입되어 아교목층과 관목층에서 서로 경쟁하여 어느 정도 안정되거나 식생발달 초기라서 종다양성지수가 높은 편이었다. 마지막, 군락 V는 휴양림으로서 이용강도가 높아 식생구조가 단순하였다. 또한, 임상에 유입되는 광합성유효광과 출현종수 종다양성지수 사이에는 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 이러한 편백림의 식생구조 특성은 과거 개벌 이후 묘목심기, 솎아베기, 풀베기 등의 산림시업과 밀접하게 관련된다. 편백림의 산림시업에 의한 교란빈도와 함께 식생천이프로세스 회전시간에 따라 군락별 식생구조와 종다양성은 약간의 차이를 보였지만, 천연림에 비해 편백림은 단순한 식생구조를 보였다. 인공림은 생물다양성이 낮고 생태계 서비스가 취약하기 때문에 공익적 기능을 발휘할 수 있는 인공림으로 전환하는 한 가지 수단으로써 생태적 관리가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2005

Natural disturbance and environmental pressure on natural ecosystems are gradually increasing, and the cause is significantly related to large-scale environmental pollution, global warming, decreasing biodiversity and habitat fragmentation. Environmental impact assessment(EIA) in Korea has been focused on distribution and composition of fauna and flora as major evaluation aspects in ecosystem assessment. It is well known that those characteristics of flora and fauna strongly depend on characteristics and quality of habitat and ecosystem. However, there is no items to assess habitat and ecosystems of spatial ecological system in EIA. Many countries are trying to develop the EIA items to consider the spatial characteristics of habitat and ecosystem and those ecological dynamics as well as species level. In this stream, landscape ecology is emerging discipline to examine spatial pattern and ecological process within/between habitats and ecosystems. Landscape ecological analysis, as a special tool for ecosystem evaluation, has been appropriately adopted to the EIA system in the advanced countries. This review paper tries to introducing the possibilities of landscape ecological concept into the Korean EIA system.

• 생태와환경
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2016

Oligochaetes distribute widely in freshwater ecosystem, and some species are used as bioindicators for water quality assessment because they are tolerant to organic enrichment. They are acknowledged for potential for environmental health recovery of organic polluted environment. There are a lot of studies on ecology and toxicity assessment using oligochaetes in aquatic environment. In this study, we reviewed literature on ecotoxicology of aquatic oligochaetes. We searched literature from a database 'google scholar' by using keywords such as aquatic, oligochaete, and toxicity. The literature were summarized according to publication years, species, test methods, and chemicals. We obtained 133 articles published from 1953 to 2015 from the database. Among them, 58 papers(43.6% of total) have been published in 1990s. Three species(Lumnbriculus variegatus, Tubifex tubifex, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) have been used most frequently in the study. Different species displayed different toxicological responses to different toxic chemicals. The results on the ecotoxicological study with aquatic oligochaetes revealed the possibility of the development for early warning system using aquatic oligochaetes to monitor aquatic ecosystem disturbance.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.237-254
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• 2021

Background: Some of the introduced alien species introduced settle, multiply, and spread to become invasive alien species (IAS) that threaten biodiversity. To prevent this, Korea and other countries legally designate and manage alien species that pose a risk to the environment. Moreover, 2160 alien species have been introduced in South Korea, of which 1826 animals and 334 plants are designated. The inflow of IAS can have negative effects such as ecosystem disturbance, habitat destruction, economic damage, and health damage to humans. To prevent damage caused by the inflow of IAS in advance, species that could potentially pose a risk to the environment if introduced in South Korea were designated as alert alien species (AAS). Results: The designation criteria were in accordance with the "Act on the Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity" and the "Regulations on the Ecological Risk Assessment of AAS and IAS" by the National Institute of Ecology. The analysis result of risk and damage cases indicated that mammals affect predation, competition, human economic activity, virus infection, and parasite infection. Birds have been demonstrated to affect predation, competition, human economic activity, and health. It was indicated that plants intrude on the ecosystem by competing with native species with their high-population density and capacity to multiply and cause allergic inducement. Interestingly, 300 species, including 25 mammals, 7 birds, 84 fishes, 28 amphibians, 22 reptiles, 1 insect, 32 spiders, 1 mollusk, 1 arthropod, and 99 plants, are included in the list of AAS. Conclusions: AAS designation plays a role in preventing the reduction of biodiversity by IAS in South Korea and preserving native species. Moreover, it is determined to provide considerable economic benefits by preventing socio-economic losses and ecological damage.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.44-70
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• 2022

본 연구는 서산시 팔봉산의 식물자원 분포 및 특성을 파악하고, 선행연구와의 비교를 통해 팔봉산 식물자원 보전을 위한 기초자료로 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 조사는 2018년 4월부터 2021년 5월까지 11회에 걸쳐 경로를 구분해 관속식물의 분포를 파악하였다. 그 결과 확인된 관속식물은 101과 298속 405종 11아종 28변종 6품종으로 총 450 분류군이었다. 이 중 특산식물은 8종류였고, 희귀식물은 4 분류군이 관찰되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 총 30 분류군으로 IV등급에 2 분류군, III등급에 6 분류군, II등급에 7 분류군, I등급에 15 분류군이 포함되어 있었다. 귀화식물은 39 분류군이 관찰되었고, 귀화율은 8.67%로 산출되었으며, 도시화지수는 12.15%로 계산되었다. 생태계교란 야생식물은 5 종류가 확인되었다. 귀화식물과 생태계교란 야생식물은 주로 임도와 밭경작지, 숲 가장자리에서 발견되므로 분포현황에 대한 지속적인 모니터링과 주기적인 식생 관리가 이뤄져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.43-60
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• 2019

Background: Tropical montane forests played an important role in the provision of ecosystem services. The intense degradation and deforestation for the need of agricultural land expansion result in a significant decline of forest cover. However, the expansion of agricultural land did not completely destruct natural forests. There remain forests inaccessible for agricultural and grazing purpose. Studies on these forests remained scant, motivating to investigate biomass and soil carbon stocks. Data of biomass and soils were collected in 80 quadrats ($400m^2$) systematically in 5 forests. Biomass and disturbance gradients were determined using allometric equation and disturbance index, respectively. The regression modeling is employed to explore the spatial distribution of carbon stock along disturbance and environmental gradients. Correlation analysis is also employed to identify the relation between site factors and carbon stocks. Results: The result revealed that a total of 1655 individuals with a diameter of ${\geq}5cm$, representing 38 species, were measured in 5 forests. The mean aboveground biomass carbon stocks (AGB CS) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at 5 forests were $191.6{\pm}19.7$ and $149.32{\pm}6.8Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The AGB CS exhibited significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks, reflecting that biomass seems to be a general predictor of SOCs. AGB CS between highly and least-disturbed forests was significantly different (P < 0.05). This disturbance level equates to a decrease in AGB CS of 36.8% in the highly disturbed compared with the least-disturbed forest. In all forests, dominant species sequestrated more than 58% of carbon. The AGB CS in response to elevation and disturbance index and SOC stocks in response to soil pH attained unimodal pattern. The stand structures, such as canopy cover and basal area, had significant positive relation with AGB CS. Conclusions: Study results confirmed that carbon stocks of studied forests were comparable to carbon stocks of protected forests. The biotic, edaphic, topographic, and disturbance factors played a significant variation in carbon stocks of forests. Further study should be conducted to quantify carbon stocks of herbaceous, litter, and soil microbes to account the role of the whole forest ecosystem.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2004

Pits and mounds created by windthrow have significant impacts on forest ecosystem. In order to establish initial data base, 80 pits and mounds were sampled and surveyed in 5 fir forests in Nae-Sorak Mountain. Characteristics and forms were surveyed and frequency of tree species appearance were surveyed as well. 4.9％ of surveyed area (0.4 ha) was pits and mounds in El and E2 areas except old areas where survey was done by estimation. E3 area showed the highest proportion, 11.7％ of 0.1 ha of sampling area.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of large scale marine sand mining on the marine ecological community. For the study, four stations along the coast were selected and monitored in 1998 and 2001 at mining areas and non-mining areas about the Gyeonggi Bay. The result revealed that in 1998, 9 species of fishes, 16 species of crustaceans, and 6 species of mollusks were collected where as in 2001, 11 species of fishes, 5 species of crustaceans, and 2 species of mollusks were collected, uncovering the fact that fishes have diversified while crustaceans and mollusks have reduced on a grand scale. Also, there were two key characteristics regarding the changes of biological communities in mining and nonmining areas. The first was the dwindling of crustaceans inhabiting the sand area. This outcome may be accounted for by the facts that physical removal of seabed sediments and re-sediment due to expansion of floating particles cause direct influence on the ocean floor ecosystem and have continuous effect on the communities of crustaceans which feed on them. Secondly, the newly arrived species and their population during spring and summer seasons have increased in the non-mining areas and have decreased in the mining area. It can be concluded that highly nomadic fish species migrate toward areas with less disturbance or destruction of ecosystem from marine sand mining, and consequently, the communities of fishes change in the sea area. Setting aside the characteristics of the investigated sea areas where the arriving conditions of species vary by seasons, the clear differences of population of organisms in those areas are due to environmental alterations owing to the marine sand mining ; if those large-scale marine sand mining activities continue in the Gyeonggi Bay, their effects on biological communities in the areas will only grow.