• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.222-243
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to develop concrete and in-depth knowledge about menarche and to raise the need of menstrual education. The data were collected from purposively sample 34 women from twenties to forties from April 27 to October 10, 1994. Semi-structured intensive interviews were done and these qualitative data were analysed with "Ethnograph" computer program. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The experience of menarche could be classified into two main groups, which were positive and negative response to menarche. The negative experiences were to be shameful, tearful, scared of the phenomena and thought as a kind of punishment for guilt or confused menarche with other symptoms of diseases. On the contrary, the positive experiences were to be proud of physical maturity and to think that is was wonderful, miraculous and to perceive it as a warm experience. 2. The experience of menarche was influenced by various factors. They were the knowledge about menstruation, the quality and amount of informations, the time of menarche, the environmental factors, the response of significant others toward menarche. The experience of menarche could be positive or negative according to these factors. 3. The previous information sources about menstruation could be significant others, school education and mass-media. The significant others were mothers, sisters, friends and the person in charge of school sex education such as school nurses, home economics, military drill and athletics of teachers. And mass-media included sex education booklets, nursery tales, TV programs, and publicity activities of sanitary napkin companies. 4. The opinions of the subjects about the proper time of menarcheal education could be grossly classified into two groups. The first was active approach toward children when they were in elementary school. The second was passive approach which postponed the time until the child ask about it, because it would be awkward for them to discuss about the topic. 5. The participants thought that the ideal methods of menarche education would be systematic school education programs, open discussion with daughters, audio-visual teachings, or practical education in everyday life. 6. The contents of the menarche education based on the participants' opinions, would be positive details about meanings and functions of menstruation. And it would be desirable if the attitudes of the person in charge of education could be positive, open-hearted, and favorable toward menstruation.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2001

This study was done to identify a status of home visiting project as a community health nursing system, that was the organization. personal who have age, educational background, marital status, position, experience of the home visiting in the public sectors in part of Seoul. Kyonggi, Kang-won area, It was done to provide basis data for the development of effective visiting nurses project in the health sectors, where was Health Centers in urban and rural. Branch of Health Center in rural and Health posts. The question airs were distributed 352 public health workers who working place was 118 health workers in 12 health centers in Seoul. 56 public health workers among 39 health center and other public health sectors in Kyonggi and 178 public health workers among health center and health care sectors. Data collected from October to December. 2000. The analysis by SAS system with F test, percentage and frequency. The major result were as follows. The general characteristics of the respondent show that most of them were graduates from community college and RN-BS with broadcast that they had not completed CPHN course but only two health workers have trained for the visiting nurses project. As for their grade in the position, the most of health workers have seventh level and the other CHP were above sixth level in the health care post that in the government structure. This indicates that workers do not have great authority in decision making, the most period of works in the position was one and two years indicating that they change jobs frequently. On an average their clinical experience was 4.11 years which is ideal for the total service. As for preparation of staff for home visiting workers education on visiting nurses program have to receive short term or longer term training course for strong emphasis. The analysis showed that public health visiting workers responds about active job performance that based on an area, approach of acting by districts, education and position are shown statistically significant difference between acceptance of the visiting nursing job show the same as well as visiting nurses project. Special concerns for visiting Nursing care spread came to burden, many of activity carry out main solution is covered the health problem connective support system needs of quality and quantity which out health problem. As 71.1% of visiting health service held on the poor population was under the guardianship of the law, but people who health insurance wide application under law shown a tendency to increase gradually. The general characteristics of the patients showed 56.2% of female on average of age was 66.1 years old, they have health problem was the most of 47.6% of high blood pressure and stroke, the other and as a problem that economics, which is complex welfare with out health problem. Community health care service should be combined health and social work program. The form of delivery of visiting health care given the most guide and education with counselling and support. (33.6%) Among the six category of visiting care service shown statistically significant difference and next is fundamental care, remedy care with priority.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 1998년도 제13회 하계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.131-163
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• 1998

The interest in the evaluation of government-sponsored research institutes (GRIs) has increased markedly in Korea in 1990s; this is mainly because of the increasing needs 1) to improve the quality of R&D at GRIs, and 2) to reorient the GRIs' strategic position in Korean national innovation systems due to the enhancement of R&D capabilities of private companies and universities during last decade. As a first attempt to diagnose the managerial and strategic issues of GRIs, a Multi-Ministerial Evaluation Committee was established as an ad hoc task force under the Prime Minister's Office in 1991. According to the recommendations of the committee, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) to which most of GRIs were affiliated, made it a rule to evaluate the annual performance of GRIs since 1992. This paper examines the recent experience of MOST's evaluation of Government-sponsored Research Institute in Korea. After several years'efforts of Science & Technology Policy Institute(STEPI) to build prospective evaluation systenL MOST decided to apply two supplementary approaches for the evaluation of GRIs; one is summative annual evaluation and the other is formative 3-year evaluation. The annual evaluation system that is designed as a temporary measure is to monitor and to guide the self-evaluation activities of GRIs. In the process of annual evaluation, MOST tries to minimize its direct involvement, and allows each GRI to develop self-evaluation system that is most appropriate for the unique characteristics of the institute. If there exist urgent issues under scrutiny, however, it can be incorporated and examined by a group of external experts as special issues in the annual evaluation system. The aim of 3-year evaluation is both to examine the past performance of each GRI and to investigate whether the strategic role of each GRI is viable in the future. Its major focus, however, lies not on auditing past performance but on strengthening future strategic position of each GRI. The MOST designates a group of evaluation experts with appropriate knowledge and competence as members of the General Evaluation Committee for one year. With the help of STEPI, a specialized research institute for R&D evaluation, the General Evaluation Committee develops methodology and procedures for the actual evaluation of GRIs. Based on the evaluation reports and recommendations from the General Evaluation Committee, the MOST develops various policy measures for strengthening GRIs.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.110-126
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• 1995

Korean economy has been developed successfully in the course of implementing the five year economic development plans since 1962. The gap of incomes and quality of life between rural and urban area has been widened and it made rural farm laborers drain to urban areas. Therefore the prevailing situation of labor shortage and wage hike in rural area has made farm management deteriorate in recent years. Under the internal and international unfavorable economic conditions, marginal farm land of 66.5 thousand ha has been idled as of end of 1993. The total area outside agricultural development zone with bad farming conditions including irrigation and drainage, and land consolidation for mechanization were estimated at 360.4thousand ha equivalent to 17.5% of the total farm land area in Korea. Considering the topographical conditions of marginal lands, the effective use of marginal lands should be studied from the view point of public interest rather than from the view point of individual economic conditions. Considering the present agricultural economic settings, such as price decrease, unfavourable benefits of farm products, labour shrotage, free trade of farm products and poor physical condition of marginal lands, the institutional and realistical measures for the effective utilization of idle and marginal land should be studied as soon as possible. Detail land use pattern should be surveyed in the areas outside agricultural development zone and have to be classified as orchard farms, grass land, fish culture farms, lawn and ornamental tree farm, sight seeing and leisure farms for urban peoples, special crops production farms and common farms to be developed for farm mechanization. According to the surveyed results, the expected utilization patterns of the idle and marginal lands could be considerd as village common use, farm land base development, leisure farm development, mutual complementary utilization between urban and rural areas, G't purchase and management, credit supply and new extension services, improvement of cropping patterns and sight seeing and leisure farm patterns. For the successful and reasonable management of the marginal lands, the actions such as institutional improvement, prohibition of idle marginal land, enforcement of activities of farm management committee members and land banking system of RDC including development and utilization systems should be included.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang on the anxiety of Hwa-byung. Methods : In this randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study, we planned to give Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang or controlled medication for anxiety of Hwa-byung. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-K), Likert scale for major symptom of Hwa-byung, Hwa-Byung Scale Score, Korean Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-K), Korean State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-K), Insomnia severity Index (ISI), Instrument of Oriental Medical Evaluation for Hwa-Byung, WHO Quality of Life Avvreviated (WHOQOL-BREF), genral self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory (SRE) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument before treatment. Results : Clinical characteristics-vital signs and demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between both groups. The characteristics of disease-chief complaint, pattern Identification, period, etiological factor, and etc, also showed similarity of distribution in both groups. The results of Chest PA, EKG and clinicopathologic examination showed no significant difference between both groups. There were no significant difference between both groups in all valuation scales; HAM-A was measured as the first evaluative instrument, and STAI-K, Likert scale for major symptom of Hwa-byung, Hwa-Byung Scale Score, BDI-K, STAXI-K, ISI, Instrument of Oriental Medical Evaluation for Hwa-Byung, WHOQOL-BREF, GSES, SRE and HRV. Conclusions : We considered that establishment of the experimental group and controlled group was objective and worth conducting this research. In addition, this methodology is expected to be applied to the subsequent research. Further, we hope to make up for this study through various study and discussion.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2000

멍게껍질로부터 정제된 섬유소 슬러리를 첨가한 빵반죽의 물리적 및 제빵의 품질특성을 조사하였다. Farinograph는 멍게껍질섬유소 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 흡수량의 증가를 보였다. 반죽도달시간 및 반죽형성시간은 섬유소 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 짧아졌고, 안정도에서는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 약화도는 멍게껍질섬유소 첨가량이 증가할수록 약화도가 커졌다. Extensograph에서는 섬유소 첨가량이 증가할수록 흡수율은 증가하였고, 신장도 및 신장저항도는 감소하였다. R/E값은 섬유소 첨가비율이 높을수록 감소하였다. Amylograph에서는 멍게껍질 섬유소 첨가량이 증가할수록 최고점도는 감소하였다. 멍게껍질 섬유소 첨가량이 증가할수록 식빵의 loaf volume 및 용적비가 감소되는 결과를 보였고, 멍게껍질 섬유소 슬러리 20% 첨가까지는 빵의 관능적 품질에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 섬유소 첨가 식빵은 보습성을 높혀 빵의 경화를 지연시킴과 함께 저장성 향상 효과를 보였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2016

연약지반 공사는 설계단계에서 고려하지 못한 변수들이 시공단계에서 발생되어 구조물의 안정성과 설계변경에 따른 공사비 증가의 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 충청북도 오창지역에 조성되는 산업단지 진입도로 조성구간을 연구대상으로 하며, 연약지반 처리공법으로 암버럭을 이용한 치환공법 및 사용하중을 고려한 과재성토를 연약지반 처리대책으로 선정, 구조물의 안정성 및 공기 단축으로 공사비 절감효과 분석에 목적이 있다. 연구구간의 연약지반 두께는 사질토 및 점성토 연약지반으로 2.4~5.5m로 규모가 작으나 지표하 1.5~5.9m의 지층사이에 불균등하게 분포하며, 침하발생은 크지 않으나 장래 부등침하와 단차 발생이 예상되어 연약지반 처리후 현장 계측결과를 분석하여 장래 침하거동을 예측하였다. 또한, 치환재료는 지역특성 및 경제성을 고려하여 양질토사를 암버럭으로 치환하여 안정성 증가, 공기단축 등으로 공사비 29%를 절감하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 향후 제체내 간극수압 소산, 지하수위 변동 등의 예측과 실제 계측된 연약지반의 압밀과의 관계 등에 대한 추가적인 연구를 수행할 경우, 다양한 현장조건에서 연약지반 거동을 정확히 예측할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2012

고구마의 연작장해를 경감시키기 위하여, 연작지 토양과 심토반전 토양에서 농가묘와 바이러스 무병묘를 $70{\times}25cm$ 간격으로 재배하였다. 연작지 토양의 시비량은 $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ = 55-63-156$kg\;ha^{-1}$과 우분퇴비 10$ton\;ha^{-1}$으로 표준시비를 하였고, 심토반전 토양은 질소비료와 퇴비만을 50% 증시하였다. 삽식 30, 120일째의 생육과 수량 및 품질특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 삽식 30일경부터 농가묘에서는 바이러스 병징이 뚜렷하였으나, 무병묘에서는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 무병묘의 수량성은 농가묘보다 심토반전 토양 15.0%, 연작지 10.5%의 증가를 보였다. 3. 심토반전 토양에서의 수량성은 연작지보다 농가묘 8.8%, 무병묘 3.2%의 증가를 보였으며, 심토반전 토양에서 바이러스 무병묘 재배는 상저비율이 농가묘(60.1%) 대비 80%로 높아져 경제성이 있었다. 4. 무병묘에서 수확한 고구마의 품질은 농가묘보다 피색이 선명하고, 고구마 모양이 좋아져 외관 품질향상에도 유리하였다. 5. 심토반전 토양 및 무병묘에서 수량증가는 30일째 엽수와 120일째 분지수와 정의 상관관계(p=0.05)가 인정되었으며, 이는 고구마 괴근형성에 초기생육이 중요하다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2005

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, $37.2{\pm}0.3$ years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, $36.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p<0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p<0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p<0.05), ready to eatsoups(p<0.001), retort pouch foods(p<0.05) and instant teas(p<0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p<0.01), milk and their products(p<0.001), soybean products(p<0.001) and snacks(p<0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p<0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p<0.001) and nutrition education(p<0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p<0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p<0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p<0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.454-468
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• 2019

Background: Supporting the elderly population is presented as a social issue, and it affects age discrimination, which forms a negative perception and avoids the elderly. Since age discrimination lowers the quality of life of the elderly and hinders social unity, it may be important to research related factors. This study examined the physical function as a factor that influences discrimination experiences and aimed to identify the relationship between physical function factors and discrimination experiences. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 20,225 elderly from the 2014 and 2017 survey of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean older persons, conducted nationwide among older than 65 years. Physical function factors are activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, sight discomfort, hearing discomfort, chewing discomfort, and leg strength as factors of interest. We performed multivariable logistic regression that reflected survey characteristics, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, health related factors, and social-support factors. Results: The number of elderly who faced discrimination experiences was 1,175 (5.8%). The results showed that the odds ratio of facing a discrimination experience in the dependent group was significantly higher compared to the independent group when being transferring out of the room (4.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-10.88) and difficulty in hearing (1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49). Even with respect to chewing ability, which was significant in models 1 and 2, they face more discrimination experiences (1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.53). Conclusion: These research results indicate that an important strategy for preventing age discrimination is to understand the physical function conditions of the elderly and promote the physical functions of the elderly related to transferring, hearing, and chewing; it is necessary to develop a practical intervention plan that considers these aspects.