• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2020

This study sought to assess the stock status and analyze the management effects with regard to the Black scraper, which is one of the more commercially important species in Korea. The catch amounts of Black scraper have significantly decreased since 1991. In this analysis, a Bayesian state-space model was utilized to assess the biomass of the Black scraper given the limited data. Model results showed that MSY and B_MSY of Black scraper were estimated to be 26,587 tons and 365,200 tons, respectively. In addition, the current biomass level of the Black scraper was assessed to be only 2.1% (7,549 tons) of B_MSY. For this reason, the effects of a moratorium policy on the Black scraper were evaluated. The results showed that if such a moratorium policy was implemented, it would take at least 18-40 years to restore the biomass level of the Black scraper to B_MSY depending upon its growth rates.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.689-711
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• 2010

This study attempts to find the relationship between achievement of environmental industry and development of financial sector by analyzing cross-sectional data for OECD countries. Development of financial industry has a positive effect on environmental industry. Green financing also affects improvement of environmental quality. Demand for environmental quality is positively influenced by GDP per capita, while financial crisis has a bad effect on environmental performance. Government-led green financing in Korea has a major role in the Korean environmental policy for years. While market-oriented green financing improves the efficiency of regulation, government-led green financing may delay internalization of environmental cost due to its subsidizing effect. Further study should include systematic analysis on the scope of green financing and its qualitative attribute and fundamental causality between green financing and environmental improvement.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.341-360
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• 2010

The goal of this study is to forecast the scales of seaborne trade of iron ore and coal. It is assumed that the seaborne trade of iron ore is the function of two independent variables(crude steel production, world GDP) and the seaborne trade of coal is the function of two independent variables(crude steel production, world electricity generation). The result shows that the regressions of two functions are statistically significant respectively. As the results of forecasting, the seaborne trade of iron ore in 2010 may be 892 million tons which is increased 5.1% compare to the level of 2009. Also the seaborne trade of coal in 2010 may be 827 million tons which is increased 6.1% compare to the level of 2009. In terms of the compound annual growth rate, it is forecasted that the iron ore may show 4.7% of increasing rate from 2009 to 2015 and the seaborne trade of coal may be increased 6.1% annually for the same period.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.225-242
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to review the relationship between middle-school students' food-behavior and their health conditions/school performances. For this purpose, 495 male and female middle-school students were sampled form seven middle schools located in Seoul for a questionnaire survey. The surveyed data were analysed with simple frequency, percentage, t-test, chi-square test, dispersion analysis, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple-regression analysis which make use of the SPSS/PC+ package system. The results of survey can be summarized as follows; Most of students had three meals a day regularly, but some female students used to skip breakfast or supper. The amount of a mael was adequate. Their main night-smacks were fruits. The problem perceived by students was unbalanced meal ; Female students took more snack than that of male students. They usually took a snack a day. All students tended to take delicious snacks. The most favorate smack of students was fruits. Most students did not suffer any serious diseases, but some had one or more respiratory diseases. Female students had some or other physical troubles in their eyes, mouth, digesting organs, muscle/bone, skin and had fatigue. Female students had mental problems of depression, uneasiness and hostility. The average I.Q. of students was 117.4, and those who had higher I.Q. got much higher scores. The regularity and amount of meal and intake of animal food were all positively related with the growth of height and weight. And the taller, the higher I.Q. they had. Those students who took meals three times regularly and adequately, who had no coffee and snack and who took balanced meals were healthier in both physical and mental terms. In particular, those who had adequate amount of breakfast regularly were not only healthier but also had higher I.Q. and school performance.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to analyze indicators characterizing the monetary turnover and its determining factors. Also this paper looked at the evolution of monetary aggregates of the Russian Federation, Australian, Sweden, Denmark, countries of CIS at the present stage of development and in the historical context. Research design, data, and methodology - The scale of research on Russia: to be analyzed the amount of data from the 2011 by 2016. In the historical context of the estimated data in the 1900-2011. On Belarus - the 2007-2017, on Tajikistan - the 2000 - 2017, on Kazakhstan - the 2000-2017, on Kyrgyzstan - the 2000-2017, on Australian - the 1959-2017, on Sweden - the 2009-2017, on Denmark - the 1999-2017. Results - Hypothesis 1. In Russian Federation the monetary stock has the steady tendency to growth. The dynamics of money supply in Russia is largely determined by historical events. Hypothesis 2. The dynamics of money supply the leading countries-partners has the tendency to grow. The monetary amount of countries-partners are analyzed is largely determined by external debt, GDP, the exports, the imports, the international reserves. Conclusions - The dynamics of monetary stock of Russia is determined by the historical events in many respects. The Russian Federation maintains a steady and the liquid economic position in the case of considerable amount of monetary stock and the high degree of its surplus. In most of the countries studied, the monetary supply has a significant volume exceeding the needs of the economy. If the distribution of monetary mass is adequate and there is a vertical of financial control, this will not have a negative impact on the country's economic stability and the development.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

The most representative fruit in Yanbian area is Applepear(Ping Guo Li). It has been a important resource of farm income. According to the economic growth and income Increase of individual consumers, food consumption pattern will be changed from grain to high value cash crops such as Applepear and vegetables. The globalization and adapt ion of free market oriented economic policy of China government have led to change the collective farming system to individual farm management system. The institutional transformation have brought about high productivity of farm products and incomes of farmers. Therefore the plantation area of Applepear and requirement of investment cost for establishment of Applepear farms have increased rapidly since the 1980's, the time of perestroika and glasnost in Chinese economy. In prosperity of Chinese agriculture, individual farmer's decision making as free selection of farmland use, selection of high pay-off crops, free sale of the products in free market and credit support for the project might be the most important factors. In case of Applepear farm development, net present value of the project net benefit was estimated at 55.518won per hectare and financial rate of return was 21%. The benefit/cost ratio of the project was 2.11. Considering 10% of discounting rate or the opportunity cost of capital in China the Applepear farm development project showed us economically feasible in the light of the above efficiency indices. The Chinese government has to support Applepear farm development project financially and institutionally considering the high-payoff benefit of the fruit and farmer's in come increase in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

This study is intended to reveal the nutritional realities of school children due to their box lunch. The samples were chosen at random from the third grade to the sixth grade children in an elementary school in Seoul : 122 male and 111 female children, 233 children in all. among the subjects, 44.3% have a family of four, 34.3% have over 500,000 won of family income a month, and 44.3% of their mothers graduated from a high school. The average intake of calories is 573.6 Kcal, and the ratios of the calory intakes to the recommended amounts are 90.6% in the third grade children and from the fourth grade to the sixth grade, 79.5% in the male children and 82.9% in the female children. The average consumption of protein is 21.0g and the ratio of animal protein is 41.4%. the ratio of energy yield nutrients is 67.4% : 14.5 : 18.0 (carbohydrate : protein " fat). Considering the recommended amounts, the intake of protein is enough; the consumption of vit, A, thiamine, niacin are appropriate;and the intake of calories, Riboflabin and ascorbic acid, calcium, iron are deficient. Even though there is no significant difference between the socioeconomic factors (the standard of education of the subjects' mothers and family income0 and the intakes of calories and protein, there is a tendency that the consumption of protein intake si more abundant in the middle class than in any other class. The subjects' distribution of the physical growth index, is as follows; A (6.9%), B(19.3%), C(48.5%), D(13.7%) and E (11.6%). As the subjects' intake of calcium increases, the weight shows significant improvement (p<0.001). As the consumption of calories increases, the physical development shows significant improvement (p<0.05), and the weight shows significant increase (p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2004

Experimental conditions for evaluating chitosan antibacterial activities were established. The chitosan antibacterial activities were measured against the Staphylococcus aureus and evaluated for their application to antibacterial textile finishing. The strain of Staphylococcus aureus used in this experiments was KCTC 1916. The chitosan antibacterial activities were estimated from the bacterial densities or ％reduction of bacteria in chitosan solutions and bacterial culture mixtures after incubation under specific conditions. Six parameters as follows were evaluated to optimize the experimental conditions for measuring antibacterial activities. The different combinations of mixtures according to the different ratios of chitosan solutions to the bacterial cultures showed different antibacterial activities. However, the chitosan antibacterial activities could be evaluated by comparing the data obtained from the same combinations of mixtures. The solvent influence on the chitosan solution antibacterial activities could be eliminated using control solution containing the same concentration of acetic acid. The initial pH of the chitosan -bacterial mixtures also affected the chitosan antibacterial activity; at a higher pH, higher activity in terms of ％reduction of bacteria was observed. In case of the bacterial solution without either the acetic acid or chitosan, the initial pH of the solution did not significantly affect bacterial growth. The ％ reduction of bacteria increased when contact times of bacteria with chitosan in the chitosan -bacterial mixture were expended upto 24 hours. However, the chitosan antibacterial activities could be successfully evaluated at contact time 0 where the chitosan-bacterial mixture was plated immediately after mixing and incubated to measure the bacterial number to 24 hours. Evaluating ％reduction of bacteria in the test mixtures after incubation were not changed when the inoculated bacterial concentrations were 2.3${\times}$10$\^$0/ml to 2.3${\times}$10$\^$6/ml. The optimal range of incubation time of the petri-Dish after plating the chitosan-bacterial mixture was 24 to 72 hours depending on the antibacterial activities of the test solutions.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.583-615
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• 2019

This paper investigates the level of decoupling between greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth in Korea. Despite previous studies mainly stressed the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, the lack of investigations in the level of decoupling constraints further policy suggestions. This study analyzes the level of decoupling in the short- and long-term, focusing on short-term volatility of GHG emissions income elasticity. In the long run, there is no decoupling in Korea because a robust causal relationship exists between GHGs, GDP, and fossil fuels. However, the short-term volatility is clearly identified under the long-term equilibrium(coupling), indicating there is the relative decoupling in the short run. The results show that fossil fuel dependence is a significant factor that increases short-term volatility(decoupling) and breaks the causal link(coupling) between GHGs and GDP.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

Agricultural research and development (R&D) investment has contributed not only to agriculture but also to the overall economic growth of the country. The recent arrival of the fourth industrial revolution has raised the need for agricultural R&D as a preparation. Agriculture R&D is directly related to the fourth industrial revolution in the agricultural and livestock sectors that utilize big data, robots, artificial intelligence and cloud. Meanwhile, subsidies or grants are considered the most widely used means of policy. Therefore, in light of the current situation in which Chinese agriculture values R&D investment, this study attempted to analyze the dynamic relationship between variables by establishing a model of agricultural environment subsidy representing the role of government, agricultural technology progress representing existing agricultural R&D investment, agricultural income representing agricultural development and total agricultural output. The analysis results showed that each variable's reaction to the rise in China's agricultural R&D investment has a positive effect on agricultural development, in line with the theory that the investment in science and technology in the agricultural sector has a positive effect. In addition, the response of each variable to China's rising agricultural environment subsidy is shown to have a positive relationship, which can also be said to be in line with the theory that the government's market-friendly intervention is beneficial to economic development.