• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-59
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• 2001

This paper aims to describe port competition in East Asia and the Korean government's port strategy. In doing so, the paper provides an overview of global changes in international trade, the shipping industry and the port business. It also delineates the status of port competition in the region. Particular examples are taken from the competition among the ports of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, as well as those of Pusan and Kwangyang, Kaohsiung, Kobe, and Shanghai and Yantian. The port competition in East Asia is reviewed and classified in two groups: north-tier competition among traditional major players, such as Kobe and Pusan, and dark horses such as Shanghai, Kwangyang and perhaps Yokohama; and south-tier competition among the three traditionally big players Kaohsiung, Hong Kong and Singapore, and the relative newcomers of Yantian in China, and Tanjung Pelepas In Malaysia. Due to the enlarging of ships and expansion of port activities, the boundary between the two tier frontiers breakdown, or they may even merge, into one grand frontier, in the foreseeable future. Although it appears that Asian ports are not being very aggressive in preparing for the future of mega-carrier in their plans, it is true that China, Korea and Taiwan are moving full steam ahead in comprehensively developing their container ports on a large scale. It therefore seems to be the perfect time for rival ports to explore a port alliance strategy to fight against the trend toward alliances between of many shipping lines.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the levels of anxiety, depression and uncertainty of patients who participated in the clinical trials for anticancer drug, and to identify correlations among these variables. Methods: Cross-sectional survey used the Symptom Check List-90-Revision and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale from 106 subjects in 2011. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The mean score of anxiety was 2.06, that of depression 2.35, and that of uncertainty 2.61. Anxiety and depression (r=.70), anxiety and uncertainty (r=.44), depression and uncertainty (r=.60) were significantly correlated each other. The levels of anxiety, depression and uncertainty were different in various characteristics of the subjects, such as education, recurrence, and economic burden. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that when implementing psychosocial interventions for cancer patients who participate in clinical trial, factors such as education, economic burden, and recurrence should be integrated into the intervention. Further studies applying theoretical model would be helpful to identify directional relationships among the variables that are important in psychosocial well-being of cancer patients undergoing clinical trial.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.869-878
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to review university students' attitudes towards value-based consumption and their influences on it to the types of LOHAS lifestyle. The statistical analysis was based on a questionnaire survey by 275 subjects. Several attitude variables included in the study such as 'attitudes toward LOHAS lifestyle', 'environment', 'charity', 'need of business ethics', 'investment into socially responsible business', and 'good consumption'. By the results of the study, first, students' attitudes and concerns about the environment were positive, however, not expanded to the absolutely positive attitudes for their future society. Second, there is no clear relationship between their participation in the community and their attitudes to the LOHAS lifestyle. Third, university students' consumption was not based on the values of LOHAS, but on the attitudes to their own well-being. Fourth, groups with lower income and with no religious tendency revealed more positive attitudes toward LOHAS lifestyle than other groups. Fifth, there are some relations between LOHAS lifestyle and the individual's economic role performances such as the attitudes to 'environment', 'charity', 'need of business ethics,' 'investment into socially responsible business', and 'good consumption'.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1999

In order to remediate hazardous waste site, a process of electrokinetically purging chemicals from saturated soil is examined by laboratory experiments. Electrokinetic soil remediation is one of the most promising soil decontamination processes that habe igh removal efficiency and time-effectiveness in low-permeability soils such as clay. Being combined with several mechanisms-electromigration, elec troosmosis, diffusion and electrolysis of water, electrokinetic soil processing can remove non-polar organics as well as ionic contaminants. The objectives of this study are; 1) the exploration of the feasibility of electrokinetic soil processing on the removal of heavy metals, 2) the investigation of applicability to the tailing-soils in aban doned mining area, 3) the examination of effects of soil pH and conductivity on the transport phenomena of elements in soils, and 4) the investigation of the applicability of the ionexchange membrance to the efficient collection of heavy metals removed from contaminated soils. With the result of this study, it is suggested that the removal efficiency is significantly influenced by applied voltage & current, type of purging solutions, soil pH, permeability and zeta potentials of soil. Although further study should be needed, it is possible to collect removed heavy metals with ion-exchange membrance in cathode compartment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-90
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• 2001

Logistics has become a key element in a shipping firm's overall strategy, now that the concept of logistics has expanded into one that is more comprehensive and integrated. furthermore, the global shipping market is the most competitive market in the world. In this environment, shipping firms are using Logistics Information Systems (LIS), which help them to save time and reduce costs. As such, LIS has become a critical part of Korea's attempts to develop Its national logistics system and industry. In this light, this study attempted to empirically determine the critical elements necessary for effective shipping LIS implementation and to then analyze how these elements are related to actual logistics performance within the shipping industry. The research results show that the sample firms considered the following factors to be most Important to an effective LIS: the support of top management; an efficient and well-structured communication channel; a solid strategic implementation plan; and a high level of information analysis internally. Other factors mentioned as being somewhat significant included MIS organization and human resources, MIS discipline and training, software development capabilities, MIS organizational alignment, database management systems information standardization, competitive advantage, financial support and government support The main problems with current shipping LIS include the expensive cost of systems, lack of standardized working processes, and weak organizational structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.4 s.33
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

The objective of public works planning is being converted from economic growth to sustainable development. So, the demand for considering social & ecological influences as well as economic components had been increased in evaluation of public works planning. In evaluation of public works, its components related with benefit and cost in feasibility analysis can be classified to qualitative and qualitative elements. Qualitative elements are evaluated by qualitative methods which can manage various items, be commonly applied nationwide, and consider elements that can be calculated numerically such as environments, willingness, etc. In this study, using the concept of 'Information measure', a method to design planning of rural works is proposed. 'Information benefit model' for rural works can evaluate present plan in the side of provider's and demander's 'benefit'. And, optimizing method of rural works by 'Information benefit' can simulate present state and optimize the site and route of rural works.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.271-290
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• 2018

The study aims to analyze the effects of socio-economic deprivation on suicidal ideation. The analysis data were used as a guide for Korea Welfare Panel Study 9. the frequency analysis, mean difference analysis, correlation analysis, and logistic regression were performed by SPSS programs. The results of analysis are as follows. First, The results of frequency analysis by deprivation type showed a high frequency of deprivation in the following order. Experience of not receiving a public pension, experience of being able to work but unemployed, experience of not being able to eat a balanced diet due to financial difficulties, and experience where you had nothing to eat but no more money to buy. Second, the average difference analysis shows that when a person does not have a spouse, the lower the academic background and the income level, the higher the likelihood of suicide. Third, regression analysis shows that the following deprivation patterns have a statistically significant effect on older adults' thoughts of suicide. Experience in which the respondents or their family could not go to hospital because they had no money, experience that move house because is back rent more than 2 months or can not pay rent, experience that they could not afford to buy food and eat well-balanced meals, experience of failing to pay your bills on time, experience of being able to work but not having a job, and experience in which financial difficulties left them short of food and no money to live. Based on such research results, some policy measures, such as the expanding management of medical care benefits cases, the improvement of elderly housing, residential conditions and the diet survey for the elderly, and the expansion of measures to support elderly people's tax rates, were proposed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2008

Photovoltaic power generation is currently being recognized as one of the most popular sources for renewable resources over the country. Although it is also being adapted to rural area for may reasons, it is important to estimate the magnitudes of power outputs with reliable statistical methodologies, while applying historical daily solar energy data, for correct feasibility analysis. In this study, one of the well-known statistical methodologies is employed to define the appropriate probability distributions for monthly power outputs for the selected rural area, county of Seo-san, province of Chungnam. The results imply that the assumption of normal distributions for several months may lead to incorrect decision-making and therefore lead to the unreliable feasibility analysis. Generalized beta and triangular distributions were found to be superior to normal distribution, when describing monthly probability distributions for daily photovoltaic power. Based on the appropriate distributions resulted from this study, Monte Carlo simulation technique was also applied to provide additional flexible information for the relevant decision makers. This study found out new finding that the probability distributions should be considered to make planning of the photovoltaic power system in rural village unit, in order to give reasonable economic analysis to the decision makers.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.13.1-13.8
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• 2011

Previous research has established the existence of individual differences with regards to individuals' optimum time of well-functioning; specifically in terms of being either morning or evening oriented. An association has also emerged between being more evening, as opposed to morning, oriented and having a greater number of sexual partners. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether "eveningness" in males is an evolved sexually dimorphic trait consistent across different cultures. A sample of 179 male Sri Lankan men residing in two different cultural and economic settings, Italy and Sri Lanka, were administered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) followed by assessing their sexual behavior history. The results robustly portrayed a highly significant main effect of MEQ types highlighting the twofold sexual success enjoyed by the evening individuals in both regional locations. Morning oriented individuals, showed a stronger preference for going out and partying than evening-types, suggesting that the higher mating success of evening types is not due to their different lifestyles allowing more opportunities to encounter females. However, evening types exhibited a preference for flirtatious behaviors in the later part of the day. Shoulder-to-hip and handgrip strength, as measures of testosterone levels, were not significantly associated with eveningness. The results are discussed in terms of sexual selection and its interplay with human cultural variation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess vision-related quality of life and modes of refractive error correction. We administered NEI-VFQ (National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire) to 137 subjects in two modes of refractive error correction: spectacles and contact lens wearers. The NEL-VFQ was developed to assess vision-related quality of life with respect to 1) visual symptoms 2) social function as well as difficulty with tasks and symptoms 3) economic issues and health concerns 4) psychological well-being. The NEL-VFQ was translated from English into Korean. Methods: All data were analyzed using SAS 8.0. Student's T-test was conducted to determine significant differences in each of the subscale (${\alpha}=0.05$). Result: The Peripheral Vision subscale score ($mean{\pm}SD$) was $52.2{\pm}32.7$ for the spectacle wearers, $88.6{\pm}18.1$ for contact lens wearers; the spectacle wearers' Peripheral Vision score was significantly lower than contact lens wearers (p=0.0001). There were also significant differences between two groups detected in Color Vision (p=0.001), General Vision (p=0.01) and Health Perception (p=0.01). Conclusion: Contact lens wearers and spectacle wearers were mostly high vision-related quality of life except General Vision and Health Perception. Especially, contact lens wearers were higher vision-related quality of life than spectacle wearers. Further studies on developing of good quality of contact lens will be needed to improve quality of life in ametropia.