• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.141-190
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• 2004

Income inequality in Korea has increased after the economic crisis, and the main reason for the widening of income distribution is due to the increase of the unemployed when analyzed using the Urban Household Report(UHR). However, income inequality has not decreased although the rate of unemployment decreased after 2000. Further data bases for income-related statistics are necessary to examine the exact causes of changing income inequality as a whole since the UHR covers only statistics on urban employees' wage and salary in Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2021

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the issue of poverty is one of the most acute social problems of the beginning of the third millennium. The phenomenon of poverty is widespread in third world countries as well as it is observed in relatively developed countries. Poverty rates in Latin America are threatening. Consequently, the issue of social and economic inequality in these countries has become extremely acute. The purpose of the research: to identify the causes of poverty and social inequality and substantiate the main directions of poverty reduction in third world countries. The research methods: comparative analysis; index method; systematization; grouping; generalization. Results. The classification of the causes of poverty has been carried out and the directions of its overcoming in the countries of Latin America on groups of indicators have been defined, namely: 1) political; 2) economic; 3) demographic; 4) regional-geographical; 5) social; 6) qualification; 7) personal. Based on the Net Domestic Product indicator, a comparison of economic indicators of the studied countries has been carried out. It has been revealed that from 1990 to 2018 income inequality increased in 52 of 119 countries studied, and decreased in 57 states. Inequality has increased in the world's most populous countries, particularly China and India. In general, countries with growing inequality are home to more than two-thirds (71%) of the world's population. Trends in the distribution of income in the world have been investigated by applying the Gini index, the high level of which is observed in Latin America (Colombia 48,9%, Panama 46,1%, Chile and Mexico 45,9%). The forecast of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on this issue has been outlined; the ways of its impact on the economies of the countries have been studied. As a result of the study, the main directions and mechanisms of the strategy for poverty reduction and social inequality in the third world countries have been identified. The implementation of the poverty reduction strategy presented in this academic paper may have a positive impact on the economic situation of the population of Latin American countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2022

This article examines the link between regional disparity and social mobility in India. There has been a steady rise in economic inequality in India. The rapid economic growth coupled with a rise in income inequality is a serious concern in India. While the emphasis is on inclusive growth, it appears difficult to tackle the problem without looking at the intricacies of the problem. The Social Mobility Index is an important tool that focuses on bringing long-term equality by identifying priority policy areas in the country. We used a multivariate statistical approach to construct a social mobility index at the regional level by considering several social and economic variables. Our findings show that while the Union Territory of Delhi ranks first in the social mobility index, Chhattisgarh has the least social mobility. From a policy perspective, a comprehensive examination of the determinants of the social mobility index shows that health, education access, and quality, and equity of education are of great importance in improving social mobility. Considering India's potential economic growth resulting from its 'demographic dividend' and improved access, markets, and technology, increasing social mobility through facilitating equal opportunities in society is key to achieving inclusive growth.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.77-102
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• 2007

본 연구는 불평등도를 측정하는 지표로서 소득과 소비라는 두 변수의 적합성을 비교한다. 일반적으로 불평등도 측정에는 소득이 주로 활용되어 왔으나, 항상소득가설에 의하면 소득보다는 소비가 경제 주체의 복지에 직접적으로 연계된다. 따라서 항상소득가설이 적용되는 경제라면, 복지의 불평등도 측정에 있어서는 소비의 불평등도가 보다 더 적합한 지표라고 할 수 있다. 특히 소득의 변동성이 높을수록 소득 불평등도와 실질적인 복지의 불평등도의 괴리는 확대될 가능성이 높다. 도시가계조사를 통해 우리나라 임금 근로자 가구의 소득과 소비 패턴을 비교한 결과, 항상소득가설이 적용되고 있다고 판단된다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 소비와 소득의 불평등도를 비교한 결과 소비의 불평등도가 훨씬 작은 것으로 추정되었으며, 소비와 소득의 불평등도 지표가 반드시 동일한 방향으로 변화하지 않는다는 결과도 얻어졌다. 따라서 향후 불평등도에 대한 논의에 있어서 소비의 불평등도가 강조될 필요성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2020

The objective of this research paper is to study the simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality among Vietnamese provinces. We use a balanced panel data set of 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam in the period from 2011 to 2018. The study used 3SLS-GMM (Three Stage Least Squares - Generalized Method of Moments estimator) and GMM-HAC (Generalized Method of Moments - Heteroskedastic and Autocorrelation Consistent estimator). Empirical evidence shows a strong simultaneous relationship: increased corruption will increase regional income disparities, income inequality, and increase fiscal decentralization. In addition, the results also suggest that an increase in per-capita income will reduce the level of corruption, or better control corruption of each province. The degree of increase in income inequality, which reduces fiscal decentralization, is the same for trade liberalization. All demonstrate that there is a simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality. In a region of high public governance quality, fiscal decentralization positively effects its economic growth. This issue will indirectly increase income inequality between provinces within a country. Our findings imply that a country's fiscal decentralization strategy should be linked to improving corruption control and local governance effectiveness, indirectly improving income inequality between localities or regions.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2021

Abnormal climate caused by climate change causes enormous social and economic damage. And such damage and its impact may vary depending on the location and regional characteristics of the region and the social and economic conditions of local residents. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor whether there are indicators that are weaker than other regions among the detailed indicators that constitute the risk, exposure and vulnerability of climate change risk. In this study, the concept of climate change risk was used for heatwave to determine regional inequality of climate change risk. In other words, it was judged that inequality in climate change risk occurred in regions with high risk but high exposure and low vulnerability compared to other regions. As a result of the analysis, it was found that 13 local governments in Korea experienced regional inequality in climate change risk. In order to resolve regional inequality in climate change risks, the current status of regional inequality in climate change should be checked based on the analysis proposed in this study, there is a need for an evaluation and monitoring system that can provide appropriate feedback on areas where inequality has occurred. This continuous evaluation and monitoring-based feedback system is expected to be of great help in resolving regional inequality in climate change risks.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.3-51
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• 2002

Income inequality in Korea has increased after the economic crisis, and the main reason for the widening of income distribution is due to the increase of the unemployed when analyzed using the Family Icome and Expenditure Survey(FIES). However, income inequality has not decreased although the rate of unemployment decreased after 2000. Further data bases for income-related statistics are necessary to examine the exact causes of changing income inequality as a whole since the FIES covers only statistics on urban employees' wage and salary in Korea.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.127-167
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• 2013

This paper aims to analyse the inequality and poverty in Malaysia. Malaysia is considered to be a country of high inequality and high poverty according to the Asian Development Bank. To tackle the income inequality and poverty in Malaysia, especially after the incident of ethnic riot in 1969, the government pursued to implement the affirmative action for the benefit of bumiputra. Recognizing the fact that the economic factors are crucial in determining the levels of inequality and poverty, this paper analyses the historical, institutional and cultural factors and evaluates the affirmative action designed to reduce the income gap between bumiputra and non-bumiputra.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

Purpose - This study reviews Cameroon's economic growth, crisis, and recovery, aiming to: review the principal factors of Cameroon's real economic growth; explore the causes of its economic crisis analyze the determinants of its economic recovery; and suggest appropriate policies to ameliorate economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - By reviewing the relevant literature and economic indicators, we observed that from the 1980s to the present, Cameroon experienced all the possible business cycle phases: economic prosperity (until 1985), economic and social crisis (1986-1994), and renewed economic growth (after 1995). Results - As a result of the economic changes in Cameroon, its macroeconomic indicators have evolved. Poverty and inequality have changed in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Throughout the examined period, rural poverty has become more widespread, deeper, and more severe than urban poverty, while inequality has experienced greater increases in urban areas relative to rural zones. Conclusions -To reap maximum benefits and reduce poverty from these economic changes, Cameroon needs to liberalize trade and foreign exchange transactions to attract foreign investment, especially during the current globalization.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.743-758
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• 2014

본 연구는 노인이 인지하고 있는 소득불평등과 자살생각 간 관계구조에서 경제적 스트레스의 매개효과를 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 전라남도에 거주하고 있는 65세 이상 노인 541명을 대상으로 조사한 자료를 이용하여, 노인들의 소득불평등 인식, 경제적 스트레스, 자살생각 정도 등에 대해 알아보았다. 분석은 SPSS ver. 18.0을 이용 기초통계, 신뢰도, 상관관계, 회귀분석(공차한계와 분산팽창지수) 등을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 조사 대상 노인들이 인지한 소득불평등과 자살생각 간 관계에서 경제적 스트레스의 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 노인의 자살생각을 감소시키기 위한 실천적, 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.