• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2023

Timber structures are susceptible to moisture, contamination, and pest infestation, which can compromise their integrity and pose a significant fire hazard. Despite these drawbacks, timber's lightweight properties, eco-friendliness, and alignment with current architectural trends emphasizing sustainability make it an attractive option for construction. Moreover, timber structures offer economic benefits and provide a natural aesthetic that regulates building temperature and humidity. In recent years, timber domes have gained popularity due to their high recyclability, lightness, and improved fire resistance. Researchers are exploring hybrid timber and steel domes to enhance stability and rigidity. However, shallow dome structures still face challenges related to structural instability. This study investigates stability problems associated with timber domes, the behavior of timber and steel hybrid domes, and the impact of timber member positioning on dome stability and critical load levels. The paper analyzes unstable buckling in single-layer lattice domes using an incremental analysis method. The critical buckling load of the domes is examined based on the arrangement of timber members in the inclined and horizontal directions. The analysis shows that nodal snapping is observed in the case of a concentrated load, whereas snap-back is also observed in the case of a uniform load. Furthermore, the use of inclined timber and horizontal steel members in the lattice dome design provides adequate stability.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the effect of full information disclosure on seller profit when there exists information asymmetry between sellers and buyers, focusing on the risk averseness of buyers. By investigating the interaction between product quality and perceived risk through online sales data, we attempt to figure out the incentive structure of full information disclosure specifically when buyers are risk-averse, so that we can suggest more feasible information disclosure strategy to sellers. Research design, data and methodology: Our empirical model analyzes the sales data of collectible goods from a major online seller using Poisson regression. In our model, we have specifically considered risk-averseness of buyers by estimating the interaction effect between the product quality and perceived risk on seller profit, aiming for a more precise empirical analysis on sellers' incentive structure of full disclosure. Results: Our empirical analysis strongly supports the effect of interaction between product quality and perceived risk, showing that the incentive for full disclosure is much stronger when product quality is higher, and vice versa. Therefore, sellers are strongly encouraged to voluntarily reveal product weaknesses when their product quality is higher than average, while it is more profitable to hide any product defects when quality claim is lower than average. Conclusions: This study supports the related literature by confirming economic incentives for full disclosure, and also supplements and strengthens previous studies by presenting that the effect of interaction between product quality and perceived risk strongly affects seller profit. Our unique finding supports both mandatory disclosure and voluntary disclosure arguments and presents practical implications to marketing managers by suggesting that seller's incentive for revealing weaknesses depends on the level of seller's product quality.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status and motives of buying second-hand clothing among university students and to suggest a plan to activate second-hand clothing transactions. In order to discover the effect of the buying motives on the purchasing of second-hand clothing, 112 university students who have purchased second-hand clothing over the past six months were surveyed and their responses were used for analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that design differentiation, habitual use, and economical factors had a meaningful effect on the purchase of second-hand clothes. Second-hand clothes have a positive environmental perception, but that perception did not impact the purchasing of second-hand clothes. It is necessary to raise the awareness and social movement around second-hand clothing and teach consumers the environmental benefits and sustainability of second-hand clothing. An activation plan for the second-hand clothing market is: 1. Proposes various market subdivisions that meet the characteristics and tastes of consumers that lead to the purchase of used clothing. In this study, two economic factors were found among the buying motives. The first is purchasing second-hand clothing at a very low price, and the second is finding luxurious expensive items or unique values at a lower price. Therefore, it is necessary to find various markets segments that suit consumer tastes by checking consumer characteristics and detailed factors. 2. Nurture second-hand clothing processing brands for the diversification of the second-hand clothing market. 3. There is an urgent need for quality classification, quality assurance, and the standardization of second-hand clothing. This study is meaningful in that it explored the possibility of having a positive effect on activating the second-hand clothing market.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.9
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• 2024

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease in livestock that has tremendous economic impact nationally. After multiple FMD outbreaks, the South Korean government implemented a vaccination policy for efficient disease control. However, during active surveillance by quarantine authorities, pig farms have reported an insufficient antibody positivity rate to FMD. Objective: In this study, the spatial and temporal trends of insufficiency among pig farms were analyzed, and the effect of the number of government veterinary officers was explored as a potential preventive factor. Methods: Various data were acquired, including national-level surveillance data for antibody insufficiency from the Korea Animal Health Integrated System, the number of veterinary officers, and the number of local pig farms. Temporal and geographical descriptive analyses were conducted to overview spatial and temporal trends. Additionally, logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association between the number of officers per pig farm with antibody insufficiency. Spatial cluster analysis was conducted to detect spatial clusters. Results: The results showed that the incidence of insufficiency tended to decrease in recent years (odds ratio [OR], 0.803; 95% confidence interval [95% CIs], 0.721-0.893), and regions with a higher density of governmental veterinary officers (OR, 0.942; 95% CIs, 0.918-0.965) were associated with a lower incidence. Conclusions: This study implies that previously conducted national interventions would be effective, and the quality of government-provided veterinary care could play an important role in addressing the insufficient positivity rate of antibodies.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2024

Recent years have seen a notable increase in fire incidents in university cafeterias, yet the social attention to these occurrences remains limited. Despite quick responses to these incidents preventing loss of life, the need for large-scale evacuation in such high foot traffic areas can cause significant disruptions, economic losses, and panic among students. The potential for stampedes and unpredictable damage during inadequate evacuations underscores the importance of fire safety and evacuation research in these settings. Previous studies have explored evacuation models in various university environments, emphasizing the influence of environmental conditions, personal characteristics, and behavioral patterns on evacuation efficiency. However, research specifically focusing on university cafeterias is scarce. This paper addresses this gap by employing Pathfinder software to analyze fire spread and evacuation safety in a university cafeteria. Pathfinder, an advanced emergency evacuation assessment system, offers realistic 3D simulations, crucial for intuitive and scientific evacuation analysis. The studied cafeteria, encompassing three floors and various functional areas, often exceeds a capacity of 1500 people, primarily students, during peak times. The study includes constructing a model of the cafeteria in Pathfinder and analyzing evacuation scenarios under different fire outbreak conditions on each floor. The paper sets standard safe evacuation criteria (ASET > RSET) and formulates three distinct evacuation scenarios, considering different fire outbreak locations and initial evacuation times on each floor. The simulation results reveal the impact of the fire's location and the evacuation preparation time on the overall evacuation process, highlighting that fires on higher floors or longer evacuation preparation times tend to reduce overall evacuation time.In conclusion, the study emphasizes a multifaceted approach to improve evacuation safety and efficiency in educational settings. Recommendations include expanding staircase widths, optimizing evacuation routes, conducting regular drills, strengthening command during evacuations, and upgrading emergency facilities. The use of information and communication technology for managing emergencies is also suggested. These measures collectively form a comprehensive framework for ensuring safety in educational institutions during fire emergencies.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-52
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• 2010

It is not new that today's business organizations are expected to exhibit ethical and moral management and to carry out social responsibility as a good corporate citizen. Since South Korea emerged as a newly industrialized country during the 1980s, Korean corporations have become active in carrying out their social responsibility as a good corporate citizen to society. In spite of the short history of corporate social responsibility, Korean companies have actively participated in corporate philanthropy. Corporations' significant donations to various social causes, no-lay-off policies, corporate volunteerism and green marketing are evidences of their commitment to corporate citizenship. Corporate social responsibility is now an essential management practice whereby corporation can strengthen its sustainable value creation processes by enhancing the trust assets underlying the relationships between the business and the stakeholders. Much of the conceptual work in the area of corporate social responsibility(CSR) has originated from researches conducted in the management field. Carroll(1979) proposed that corporations have four types of social responsibilities: economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility. Most past research has investigated CSR and its impact on consumers' attitudes toward the corporations and corporate performances. Although there exists a large body of literature on how consumers perceive and respond to CSR, the majority of past studies were conducted in the United States. The stability and applicability of past findings need to be tested across different national/cultural settings, especially since corporate social responsibility is a reflection of implicit conformation with the expectations and criticism that society may have toward a corporation(Matten and Moon, 2004). In this study, we explored whether people in Korea perceive CSR of Korean corporations in the same four dimensions as done in the United States and what were the measurement items tapping each of these four dimensions. In order to investigate the dimensions of CSR and the measurement items for CSR perceived by Korean people, nine focus group interviews were conducted with several stakeholder groups(two with undergraduate students, two with graduate students, three with general consumers, and two with NGO groups). Scripts from the interviews revealed that the Korean stakeholders perceived four types of CSR which are the same as those proposed by Carroll(1979). However we found CSR issues unique to Korean corporations. For example for the economic responsibility, Korean people mentioned that the corporation needed to contribute to the economic development of the country by generating corporate profits. For the legal responsibility, Koreans included the "corporation need to follow the consumer protection law." For the ethical responsibility, they considered that the corporation needed to not promote false advertisement. In addition, Koreans thought that an ethical company should do transparent management. For the philanthropic responsibility, people in Korea thought that a corporation needed to return parts of its profits to the society for the betterment of society. The 28 items were developed based on the results of the nine focus group interviews, while considering the scale developed by Maignan and Ferrell(2001). Following the procedure proposed by Churchill(1979), we started by developing an item poll consisting of 28 items and purified the initial pool of items through exploratory, confirmatory factor analyses. 176 samples were sued for this analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 28 items in order to verify the underlying four factor structure. Study 1 provided new measurement items for tapping the Korean CSR dimensions, which can be useful for the future studies exploring the effects of CSR on Korean consumers' attitudes toward the corporations and corporate performances. And we found the CSR scale(17 items) has good reliability, discriminant validity and nomological validity. Economic Responsibility: "XYZ company continuously improves the quality of our products", "XYZ company has a procedure in place to respond to customer complaint", "XYZ company contributes to the economic development of our country by generating profits", "XYZ company is eager to hire people". Legal Responsibility: "XYZ company's products meet legal standards", "XYZ company seeks to comply with all laws regulating hiring and employee benefits", "XYZ company honors contractual obligations to its suppliers", "XYZ company's managers try to comply with the law related to the business operation". Ethical Responsibility: "XYZ company has a comprehensive code of conduct", "XYZ company does not promote a false or misleading advertisement", "XYZ company seems to conduct a transparent business", "XYZ company does a fair business with its suppliers or sub-contractors". Philanthropic Responsibility: "XYZ company encourages partnerships with local businesses and schools", "XYZ company supports sports and cultural activities", "XYZ company gives adequate contributions to charities considering its business size", "XYZ company encourages employees to support our community". Study 2 was condusted for comprehensive validity. 655 samples were used for this anlysis. Collected samples were tested by factor analysis and Crnbach's Alpha coefficiednts and were found to be satisfactory in terms of validity and reliability. Furthermore, fitness of the measurement model was tested by using conformatory factor analysis. χ²=880.73(df=160), GFI=0.891, AGFI=0.854, NFI=0.908, NNFI=0.913, RMR=0.059, RMESA=0.070. We hope that CSR scale could greatly facilitate research on Corporate social resposibility, it is by no means the final answer.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.281-305
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the status and the trends in the international competitiveness of Korean export products against MINTs. For the study, the data were collected from the trade statistics for the period 2009-2012 produced by KITA and UN comtrade, and trade specialization index and market comparative advantage index were selected as index analysis methods. The findings from this study are as follows: First, Korea maintains a continuous increase of trade volume and trade balance in trade with MINTs, and exports finished goods, auto parts, etc. to MINTs, whlie mainly imports primary products such as energy fuels from MINTs. Second, Korea remains competitive in both product groups and individual products over MINTs. Third, even though Korean exports obtain a high competitiveness against MINTs, its competitiveness shows the differences by country. Several implications of this study are as follows: First, we need to take full advantage of energy resource-rich MINTs in securing stable energy fuels. Second, we should prepare response plans for the economic conditions which can have a negative impact on trade with MINTs, Third, we need to build strategies for maintaining the competitiveness of Korean exports over MINTs. Fourth, The differentiated export strategies should be established by country by considering differences in Korean exports' competitiveness which exist among the four countries of MINTs. Fifth, we need to prepare for such a situation which MINTs attempt to expand its influence by forming a collective economic cooperation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.121-138
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• 2017

Organizational culture represents values and beliefs that members share and is a factor that influences the behavior of organizational members. Understanding organizational culture is a source of competitive advantage to increase the rate of success and efficient management of the organization. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and the turnover intention of sailors. To achieve its purpose, the study was developed by examining the properties to be used for the demonstration and the purpose of the study, and verifying the hypothesis through empirical analysis. Empirical analysis showed that developmental, rational, and group cultures among organizational culture have a significant impact on job satisfaction. When the organizational culture has a group culture and an extrinsic factor to job satisfaction, it has a negative effect on turnover intention. This implies that the shipping company needs to foster organizational culture to feel like growing for Sailors themselves and to improve relationship and cooperation with other sailors rather than trying to control strongly. The shipping company will need to educate members and manage its organizational culture consistently for improving the organizational culture.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

According to the order receipt report over the past 10 years the overseas construction business total trades were 54.05% and 68.09% done by the Middle East and other industrial facilities respectively. In the Middle East based on data collected in 2014 the country with most overseas construction business is Saudi Arabia with 34.10%, and the industrial facility occupies the larger share with 56%. Overseas construction business is suffering from a reduction in work orders in the Middle East because of the recent oil price reduction. At this point of view, it is necessary to consider economy fluctuation for the diversification of construction type and work orders. This study analyzed, focusing in Saudi Arabia how the economical fluctuations of nations of progress can affect overseas construction business' trade orders. The analysis results demonstrated that most construction types depends on GDP, investment fund. Also industrial facility can be substituted with Architecture and civil engineering. This work is expected to be used as a basis for trade order amount maintenance and construction type diversification.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Purpose - The present study theoretically reviews the use of power norm according to the cultural orientation of consumers to categorize the shopping value that corresponds to the use of the power norm when consumers use local food stores. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Based on the data collected from the survey to 130 undergraduates, salaried men and people at large, the group with cultural value orientation was divided further into the group of horizontal individualism and that of vertical collectivism by using cluster analysis of SPSS 18.0 program. And regression analysis of SPSS 18.0 was employed to verify the hypotheses. Results - The following conclusions were shown in the empirical study. First, in the group of vertical collectivism, contribution to regional profits and competitiveness, economic value and service superiority can positively affect the attitude to the local food stores while the social responsibility activity in the community can't. In the group of horizontal individualism, however, contribution to regional profits and competitiveness, social responsibility activity, economic value and service superiority were all found to positively affect the attitude to the stores. Second, the distinctive shopping value of the stores such as escapism, entertainment value and prestige does not affect the attitude to the stores. Third, the positive effects that the stores' level of responsibility for the outgroup community can exercise on the attitude to the stores turned out to be bigger in the group of horizontal individualism than in the group of vertical collectivism. Fourth, the impact that the degree of the stores' contribution to regional profits and competitiveness has on the attitude to the stores was found to be positive in both groups. However, no difference existed in the degree of positive effects between them. Conclusions - Marketing managers of local food stores should pay more attention to managing their contribution to practical shopping value and to interests as well as competitiveness of regional society, and to persuading consumers of the horizontal individualistic group by performing responsible activities for the outgroup of local society regardless of the types of consumers' cultural orientation.