• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.435-448
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate and develop the extended models for Economic Cash Amount(ECA), Cash Break Even-Point(BEP), and Cash Flow Statement(CFS) by referencing systematic literature review in the field. The study develops three extended models to determine the optimal cash amount: ECA model with interest opportunity cost, financing transaction cost and financing fail cost, ECA model with daily cash supply and interest opportunity cost, ECA model with financing fail cost and interest opportunity cost. Earnings Before Interests, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization(EBITDA) is obtained by subtracting noncash depreciation costs from Earning Before Interest and Tax(EBIT), which is efficient metric to evaluate operating cash flow. The research also develops two extended Cash BEP models, considered as interest and corporate tax, in order to indentify the break-even point as EBITDA equals zero. Furthermore, this paper proposes the modified version of CFS by introducing the reclassification of operating and financing accounts in the statement of financial position. In addition, the study also present the reclassification of five types of profit, such as gross profit, EBIT, ordinary profit, special profit, and net profit within the statement of comprehensive income. In order to provide a better understanding of the proposed cash flow models, numerical examples, such as two-sample t test and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), are presented to demonstrate the statistical significance according to the industrial types for net working capital(i.e cash-to-cash), net profit, operating cash flow and free cash flow.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to grasp position of Sachon airport-local airport-especially the characteristics of it's air passengers, the distribution of passengers hinterland on their purposes of the travel and on the day of the week, and the spatial structure of hinterland The results is as follows The distribution of the hinterland on the purposes of a passenger's travel shows the hunterland of friend and acquauntance visit is wider than that of business, And the middle level of its size is sightseeing The hinterland of commuting includes only Chinju, so the range of passengers' social activities is wider than that of passenger' economic activities In the distribution of the hunterland on the day of the week, the distnbution of the weekday is wider than that of the holidays, but the passenger travel to Chinju is concentrated on the holidays. As rnentioned adove, the hinterland centenng around Sachon airport is Chinju sity field. Tongyoung. Sachon and Koje city field, Kwangyang city and Namhae, Sanchong, Kosung, Hadong, Uiryoung county field. It is a little different result from the area of reverse commuting of the elementray, middle and high school Leachers living in Chinju That's because air passenger travel mainly occurs in industrial and sighrseeing cities

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

With the recent industrial developments and economic development nationally, there has been a rapidly increasing demand for the use of underground space as locations for establishing social infrastructure and various convenience facilities. In this study, a mist-control system was developed to reduce the generation of dust in underground blasting. To enhance the dust-reduction effect, a guiding device was developed which is capable of adjusting the direction of the spray toward's the blasting face of mine or tunnel. A numerical analysis was performed by using the AUTODYN software, and results were compared with those published in basic experiments. To verify the mist-diffusion effect according to the position of explosives in a water bag, numerical analyses were conducted for the following cases: Explosives were set in the middle, and in the bottom of the water bag. The optimum condition was external detonation and center charge. The mist particle size from the result was suitable for the reduction of dust after blasting in underground mine and tunnel.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

This study is to examine relationships of several socioeconomic position indicators with mortality risk in a nationwide longitudinal study of South Korea. The Korea Labor & Income Panel Study, conducted on a probability sample of urban South Korean households by Korea Labor Institute, contains date of death information for the decedents which were used to estimate relative risks of mortality and their $95\%$ confidence intervals (CI) with Cox regression analysis. A total of 125 men and women among 8,415 subjects died between 1998 and 2002. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality were observed after adjustment for sex and age. Those with less than 12-year education had 1.90 times $(95\%\;CI=1.25-2.91)$ greater mortality risk than those with 12-year education or more. Greater mortality risks were also found among those with low occupational class and manual occupation. The magnitude of differentials in mortality risks between occupational class were similar in two different approaches to measuring women's occupational class: (1) approach 1 where women, married or not, retain their own occupational class, and (2) approach 2 where married women are assigned their husbands' occupational class. Relative risks of dying among those with low household Income were 1.62 $(95\%\; CI=1.08-2.42)$ compared with the counterparts. Those who reported economic hardship at the time of survey in 1998 had greater risk of mortality $(RR=1.83,\;95\%\;CI=1.21-2.78)$ than those who did not. In conclusion, increased social discourse and policy discussions about these health inequalities are needed in Korean society. Future studies should explore the causes and mechanisms of socioeconomic mortality inequalities.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.48-56
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• 2017

Construction Projects have many participants by characteristic, scale and contract. Those also have complicated communication structure. So, claim and dispute occur continuously for conflicting communication. In many claim and dispute cases, it usually occurs between builder and owner. Unfair practices by owners position cause main claim and dispute. This study analyses judgment type, cause and compensation ratio in korean commercial arbitration case and provides the dispute information for builder that has weak position by contract. It draws analysis information for managing and controlling dispute that order type, judgement type, cause and failure case. Using these analysis information, it hopes to help inducement of dispute agreement and save time and economic damage for builder during construction. It also hopes to rise construction completeness by providing dispute management information.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2011

Vietnam is one of a country with an important strategic position in economic development in the Asia Pacific region. In addition, Vietnam has a longtime agricultural more than 70% of agricultural labor. With favorable natural conditions, agricultural growth in Vietnam is'key'to the developing countries. However, Vietnam's agriculture has still encounter many problems due to drought, climatic conditions, natural disasters. The level of development and agricultural production is weak, the process of post-harvest storage is limited and particularly agricultural competitiveness with other countries is obstacles. In fact, the Government of Vietnam decided to cooperate with other countries have highly developed agriculture such as America, Korea, Japan... hoping to get help and promote agricultural development in a sustainable manner. Since 1992, Vietnam and Korea established formal diplomatic relations. During 20 years of cooperation and development, We have been obtained many satisfactory results not only in fields invest infrastructure, technological science but also exchange experience especially in the agricultural sector. From the Korea ODA project, Vietnam's agriculture in general has made significant progress. With vision, ODA projects continues to support the Central Highlands region in which the Da Lat city, Lam Dong province. Pass the cooperation between Dongguk University and Da Lat University has many positive results. Hopefully in the near future, the relationship between Vietnam and Korea in general will continue to grow strongly, the Korea ODA project will be continue to support Vietnam's agriculture in general and in particularly for the Central Highlands which in Da Lat City, Lam Dong province.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1975

A study on public health education curriculums of 14 universities located in Seoul city was carried out from Oct. 15 1974 to Nov. 15 1974. The data were obtained from 11 universities bulletins & 3 universities administration officers. The contentments of public health were obtained by the interview with the teaching professors on the syllabuses. The results were as follows: 1. General Public health topics were taught at 4 universities (28.6%) out of 14 universities & 129 departments (25.3%) out of 509 departments. General public health education were taught at 2 universities (28.6%) out of 7 universities with medical school of the colleges of education 2 collages (18.2%) had the public health education in the curriculums. 2. Academic administration of Public health education by universities 2 hrs for 2 credits were allocated at 2 universities (50%), while 4 hrs for 2 credits at the rest universities (50% ), Pubic health education were taught as an essential general education at 4 universities. Public health education were taught in freshman course at 2 universities in senior course at 2 other universities. Text books on public health education were chosen at 2 universities and at other 2 universities, just references were introduced to students. Contents of public health education. In two universities teaching programs of public health were undertaken & in other two universities no particular leaching programs were undertaken. And contents of tuberculosis, V. D. & communicable disease control Pregnancy & delivery, precaution ok post paestum maternal & child health were taught at 4 universities. Contents of health & college students, alcohol tobacco & coffee, chosen of sports were taught at few university. 3. General public health education instructors: The instructors were consisted of 13 men(81.2%) & 3 women (18.8%) Physicians were 11 (68.8%), nurses 2 (12.5%) & others 3(18.7%) Full time instructors were 7 (43.7%) part time instructors 9 (56.3%) Position & organization instructors belong to ; instructors (75.0%) had the teaching position in universities & research workers & others were 3 (18.8%) & medical practitioner was I(6.2%) 4. Public health & home nursing education by general home economic departments. Home nursing & public health were taught as an compulsory general education program in 10 departments 50.5% & as an alternative major course in 7 departments (35.0%) 2 hrs for 2 credits were allocated at 9 departments (45.0%) while eve. 4hrs for 4credits were 8 departments (40.0%).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

Research on the technique for estimating the indoor position has been actively carried out. In particular, the WiFi fingerprint method, which does not require any additional infrastructure, is being partially used because of its high economic efficiency. The KNN method which estimates similar points to the corresponding points by comparing intensity information of the WLAN reception signal measured at various points in advance with intensity information measured at a specific point in the future is simple but has a good performance. However, in the conventional KNN scheme, since the number K of average candidate positions is constant, there is a problem that the position estimation error is not optimized according to a specific point. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm that adaptively changes the K value for each point and applied it to experimental data and evaluated its performance.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.842-849
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• 2017

The term, 'crossed occlusion' implies clinical situation in which the residual teeth in one arch have no contact with those in the antagonistic arch, resulting in the collapse of occlusal vertical dimension. The treatment goal of this pathologic condition is restoration of the collapsed vertical dimension and stabilization of abnormal mandibular position. Previously, konus removable prostheses or tooth supported overdentures were suggested to solve crossed occlusion. Nowadays, dental implants have been used for definitive support to solve this problem. In this case report, a 65 years old female patient had a crossed occlusion, in which the maxillary posterior residual teeth and mandibular anterior residual teeth cross. Interim removable and fixed dental prostheses were used to confirm the proper vertical and horizontal jaw relation. After that, the mandibular posterior edentulous region was restored with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. Computer tomography guided implant surgery was performed according to the concept of the restoration-driven implant placement. The maxillary anterior edentulous region was restored with Kennedy class IV removable prosthesis, considering the patient's economic status. The patient's jaw position and prostheses have been well maintained at the follow-up after 6 months of definitive restoration. The antero-posterior crossed occlusion problems appeared to be effectively solved with the combination of removable in one arch and implant-supported fixed prostheses in the other.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-52
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• 2008

Writer Hong Myung-hee, author of the novel Im Kkeok Jeong, provided an excellent description of the costume customs of the Chosun era, based on an understanding of various historical texts and literature by practical science proponents, and experience gained from the Hong household of Pungsan, a noble family of high standing during the Chosun dynasty. However, there is a tendency towards descriptions of late Chosun era customs, rather than 16th century customs, with the intent of heightening the image of what most people felt to represent Chosun and its prestige, thereby generating greater reader sympathy. Therefore, information on the costume customs of the novel 1m Kkeok Jeong is analyzed and re-formed to fit with the temporal setting of the 16th century. By providing data to aid visual understanding and re-creation, the intent is to accept it as material for the rumination of our ancestors and their lifestyles in the 16th century. The novel provides a good description of Chosun economic customs, in which cotton and hemp were used not only as fabric for clothes, but also as currency. The trade value of cotton drapery or hemp drapery with dimensions of 5 strand density at a length of 35 ja per roll was designated as 5 mal (about 90 liters) of rice by national law, but the actual value varied depending on the production of rice. Also, it is possible to confirm the existence of sang po with dimensions of 3 strand density at a length of 30 ja per roll, or 2 strand density seochongdae cotton, which was used only as currency due to the rough quality. Characteristics of the Chosun dynasty, a class-based society, are described through distinctions of attire. The writer's intent regarding the symbolic nature of attire reflecting social position, a characteristic of the entire Chosun period, is analyzed with the presentation of visual material.