• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2001

According to the liberalization of the air transport industry, the operation of airport also takes account of economic efficiency. The owners or the operators of an airport or airport systems want to know what is the best way to achieve the best performance in the aspect of economic efficiency and they are willing to improve the airport operation system. Prerequisite for the improvement of economic efficiency is to measure the performance of not only their own airports but the other airports. This study presents the result of performance measurement of Korean airports. The overall costs performance, labor productivity, capital productivity, revenue performance and profit performance are estimated and interpreted. As conclusions, the suggestion about airport system improvement is presented.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.88-105
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper studies whether economic sanctions can be used as grounds for a party to an international sales contract to get an exemption if he fails to meet his contractual obligation. Because the answer can differ depending on the governing law of the contract, this study focuses on CISG, the most widely recognized international uniform legal instrument as the governing law of the international sale of goods. Design/methodology - This paper focuses on analyzing the conditions to meet before getting an exemption under CISG. For such analysis, this paper examined various scholarly writings, cases, and hypothetical examples reflecting a wide variety of economic sanction measures. Findings - The findings of this paper are as follows. The main provision for exemption under CISG is Article 79(1), which provides for an exemption for a party that failed to perform if such failure was caused by an impediment that was uncontrollable, unforeseeable, and unavoidable; either a seller or a buyer may rely on the Article for his non-performance, delay, or defective performance. The Article is applicable not only where the economic sanction caused impossibility of performance but also where it caused hardship. The economic sanction will likely be found to be an uncontrollable impediment; however, it will be relatively more difficult to prove it to be unforeseeable or unavoidable. Originality/value - The subject of this paper is whether a party can be exempted from liability under CISG when he fails to perform his contractual obligations due to economic sanctions. Given that this issue is now actually faced by many involved in international trade, it is expected to provide practical help to practitioners and companies alike.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-101
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• 2010

Using data collected from franchisees from Busan, we empirically examined the relationship both structural (tie strength), relational (trust), and cognitive (shared value) of social capital and between those dimensions and the patterns of economic performance and noneconomic performance (relationship continuity intention). So we established 9 hypotheses to test the structural relationship among dimensions of social capital and performances like below. H1: A franchisee's perceived tie strength with its franchisor will positively influence its trust in the franchisor. H2: A franchisee's perceived shared value with its franchisor will positively influence its trust in the franchisor. H3: A franchisee's perceived tie strength with its franchisor will positively influence its economic performance. H4: A franchisee's perceived shared value with its franchisor will positively influence its economic performance. H5: A franchisee's perceived trust in its franchisor will positively influence its economic performance. H6: A franchisee's perceived tie strength with its franchisor will positively influence its relationship continuity intention with the franchisor. H7: A franchisee's perceived shared value with its franchisor will positively influence its relationship continuity intention with the franchisor. H8: A franchisee's perceived trust in its franchisor will positively influence its relationship continuity intention with the franchisor. H9: A franchisee's perceived economic performance will positively influence its relationship continuity intention with the franchisor. The conceptual model specifying the relationship among dimensions of social capital and performances is presented in Fig. 1. Tests of the hypotheses were performed using a structural equation model. This model also reflected a good fit to the data ($\chi^2$=101.12 df=62 p=0.004, RMSEA=0.050 GFI=0.936 AGFI=0.895 NFI=0.959 CFI=0.986). The standardized solution estimated by the AMOS 7 program was for interpreting the structural results (Table 1). As was expected, tie strength and shared value were founded to be significant predictors of trust (H1 supported; H2 supported). Tie strength and trust have a significant positive effect on economic performance (H3 supported; H5 supported). But shared value have not a significant effect on economic performance (H4 Rejected). Tie strength were not associated with relationship continuity intention (H6 Rejected). While on the other higher shared value, trust, and economic performance have a significant effect on the relationship continuity intention (H7 supported; H8 supported; H9 supported). The results show integratedly that, first, tie strength does not affect directly but affects indirectly on relationship continuity intention via trust and economic performance. Second, shared goals affect directly and do indirectly via trust on relationship continuity intention. But shared goals does not affect via economic performance on relationship continuity intention. Finally, the study suggests important implications for both research and practice for franchise system especially.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.613-620
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• 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has made the economy in Indonesia sluggish, especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Simultaneously, the SMEs existence in Indonesia is fundamental and considered important by the government since it is able to assist numerous laborers and become an income source for the lower and middle classes of the community. The productivity of SME in a region will undeniably influence the availability of job and, of course, reduce the number of unemployed. Therefore, in this study, the researchers looked at how to improve SMEs performance to continue to exist amid the COVID-19 pandemic, by identifying the relationships between product characteristics, market competitive strategies, and the performance of SMEs. The research was done on SMEs in West Java, Indonesia. The example employed was Batik SMEs in Cirebon with at least 10 years in existence, and the total number of these SMEs was 165. As the basis of a quantitative approach, this study employed survey instruments by distributing a questionnaire. In analyzing the data, it utilized the structural equation modeling (SEM). The result showed a significant relationship between Product Characteristics, Market Competitive Strategy, and Price and Product Success Rate on SMEs Performance. This study's findings contribute to the SMEs performance literature.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Purpose - This study investigates the effect of strategic orientation on market performance with emphasis on the mediative role of innovation capability, economic value and relational value in food producer companies. Research design, data, and methodology - In this descriptive study, a population of 244 managers and employees of Food industry companies in Tehran were investigated. The respondents filled a questionnaire on strategic orientation, innovation capability, economic value, relational value and market performance, during January to August 2018. Reliability and validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, Spearman's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used by SmartPLS software. Results - Effects of competitor's orientation and technology orientation on all three intermediary variables were positive and significant. The effect of customer orientation on innovation and economic value was positive and significant, but the effect of customer orientation on the value of the relationship was insignificant. Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on innovation capability. The effects of three mediator variables on market performance are positive and significant. Conclusions - As the relationship between the mediator variables and market performance were positive and significant, companies should have a comprehensive plan of focus on strengthening these variables.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.149-157
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyse on the effect of social enterprises governmental subsidies for social and economic performance. For this analysis, the sample is listed to the disclosure data from Korean Social Enterprise Promotion Agency from 2016 to 2018. First, the governmental subsidies of Social Enterprises are negatively related to the social performance and economic performance. The personnel expenses and social insurance expense in governmental subsidies components are positively significant related to the social performance of social enterprises. The professional manpower expenses and business development expenses are positively significant related to the economic performance of social enterprises. This can be interpreted as contributing to the creation of results according to the purpose of social enterprises for each item of government subsidies, and through this, it is judged that it is necessary to establish specific and customized support policies in order to increase the effectiveness of the government subsidies and increase the satisfaction of social enterprises.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1436-1441
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• 2014

Social enterprise has been increasingly recognized for as important economic and social contribution to modern society. Recently, many efforts and academic researches related to social enterprise are now emerging from practitioners and academics. This work focused on the key elements affecting the performance of social enterprises such as specifically social entrepreneurship, relationship-oriented organizational culture and government support policy. In this empirical model, two performance variables such as economic and social performance represent the dependent variables. And the size and age of the social enterprises are the controlled variables. By analyzing survey data of 107 social enterprises interesting and meaningful results are obtained. Social entrepreneurship influenced economic and social performance of social enterprises. And relationship-oriented organizational culture influenced economic and social performance of social enterprises. On the other hand, government support policy influenced economic performance of social enterprises, but did not influence its social performance. The developed empirical model of social entrepreneurship in this study showed that community-oriented organizational culture and government policy are important factors for the efficient and successful management of social enterprises in Korea.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

The present study investigates the relationship between social competence and economic performance in social enterprises. Social enterprises simultaneously pursue social value creation and economic value creation, two of which are not easily compatible each other. This study explores the conditions under which these two values can synergize with each other and thereby, positively affect each other's performance. In particular, I examine how two important social competences, that is, social identity and social alliance, influence economic performance of social enterprises. Using the secondary data on social enterprises from Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency, I run OLS regression analyses to test hypotheses. I find that investment on social value creation, only when it aligns with social identity, has a statistically significant and positive relationship with economic performance of social enterprises. Further, the study finds evidence that social alliance in and of itself does not affect economic performance of social enterprises. However, social alliance does have a positive influence on social enterprises' economic performance, only when taking into account social alliance partners' organizational attributes and a focal social enterprise's degree of readiness to absorb expected gains from social alliance altogether. The present study improves our understanding on social entrepreneurship research by suggesting how social enterprises can enhance two seemingly incompatible values in a simultaneous manner. I also discuss potentially fruitful future research agenda based on the present paper's findings.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.884-896
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• 2014

This study aims to identify the factors that contribute to the regional innovative capacity and to analyze the effects on the regional economic development including newly-established corporation and job creation. The results are as follows. First, as a result of factor analysis, the 14 variables were grouped into 3 factors, i.e. innovative input, infrastructure, and linkage. Second, the panel models were developed using the above factor scores and economic performance variables such as the number of newly-established corporation and employees. As a result, innovative capacity factors positively contributed to the newlyestablished corporation and job creation. The innovative input was the most influential factor determining the regional economic performance, followed by linkage and infrastructure. This study suggests several policy implications for the reinforcement of innovative capacity and regional competitiveness.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.213-220
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• 2014

The purpose of this present study is to empirically analyze the variables affecting socio-economic performance of social enterprises. For this purpose of 107 enterprises, located in Seoul, was performed under the hypothesis that the authentication properties (authentication type, authentication year) of social enterprises will affect the socio-economic performance. The analysis showed that first; authentication type among the characteristics of social enterprises showed significant effects on the social performance. Second, authentication year among the characteristics of social enterprises showed significant effects on the economic performances. In addition, since the job-creating type showed higher social performance, it would be desirable to raise the certification rate of this type in the future. The analysis implied that longer the years of accreditation, the greater positive effects on the socio-economic performance of social enterprises was shown. Therefore, the present study suggest the need to diversify support policies according to the number of authentication years in order to secure sustainability by maximizing the socio-economic performance of social enterprise because the monolithic support is not very effective for continued growth and self-reliance of social enterprises.