• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 1988

This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken in order to examine if there was relationship between health locus of control and health behavior of 122 residents in Choong Nam Province. The sampling method was non-probability, conventent sampling technique. Questionnaire survey was conducted from March 2 to March 11, 1988. Each participant completed the Multidimensional Health Locus of control(MHLC) scale (Wallsten & Wallston, 1978) and Health Behavior scale (developed by Dr. cho) The collected data were analyzed using Peason Correlation coefficient, t-test and Analusis of Variance. The results were as follows : 1. Hypothesis 1, stating that the higer the score of internal health locus of control, the higher the Score of level of actual implementation of health behavior was supported(r＝.1344, p＜.05). 2. Hypothesis 2, stating that the higher the score of chance health locus of control, the lower the score of level of actual implementation of health behavior was not supported (r＝-.1344, p＞.05). 3. Hypothesis 3, stating that the higher the score of internal health locus of control, the higher the score of the level of perceived importance of health behavior was supported (r＝.3373, p＜.001). 4. Hypothesis 4, stating that the higher the score of chance health locus of control, the lower the score of level of perceived importance of health behavior was not supported (r＝-.0810, p＞.05). 5. The mean score of internal was 23.36, powerful others was 19.04 and chance 15.36 out of maximum range of 6-30 respectively. The mean score of level of actual implementation of health behavior was 112.84 and level of perceived importance of health behavior 143.60 our of maximum range of 32-160 respectively. 6. The variances which were related with the level of actual implementation of health behavior, were education level, occupation, economic status, referred method of primary health, management and resicent's place. And the variance which were related with the level of perceived importance of health behavior were sex, economic status and occupation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-87
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• 1992

Reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to mitigate global warming. One of the most feasible methods to reduce emissions would be to conserve energy and substitute fossil fuels. Yet reducing emissions entails huge financial costs, so it is advisable to employ cost-effective economic instruments such as a carbon tax or tradeable emissions permits. Assuming that the proper economic tools will be used in the future, we calculated the optimal level of emissions reduction for Korea. We applied to our cost-benefit analysis Nordhaus' scenario regarding the economic damage from a $3^{\circ}C$ rise in global temperatures, which is the calculated result when the greenhouse gas level doubles. The result of our analysis based on the 1990 data indicates that the optimal level of emissions reduction ranges from 2% to 15 % of current emissions depending on the value of damage parameters. We also found that the amount of emissions must be reduced will increase if action is postponed, when the development of climate engineering technology or more efficient use of energy is expected. In addition, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the economic instruments available to implement emissions reduction. Tradeable permits and carbon tax are equivalent in their cost-effectiveness, but have different implications in practice.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the relations among depression, life satisfaction and health promoting behavior, and to find factors related with health promoting behavior. Methods: The subjects were 198 elderly people of over 65 living in K City and S City. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS/WIN 13.0. Results: Health promoting behavior was significantly different according to religion, education level, living with family, previous job, pocket money, subjectively economic level, and leisure activities. Depression was significantly different according to education level, living with family, pocket money, economic level, and leisure activities. And life satisfaction was significantly different according to religion, living with family, and pocket money. The variables that affected the degree of health promoting behavior were depression, life satisfaction and living with family, and they represented 29.7% of health promoting behavior. Conclusion: The health promoting behavior of the subjects was better than average and, at the same time, the lower depression in the health promoting behavior was the higher life satisfaction was. Therefore, in order to decrease depression and to increase life satisfaction, the development of advanced health promoting programs will be helpful to lead health life for the elderly people.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.52-70
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• 2011

Industrial cluster is basically related to the concept of knowledge management in that innovations are pursued through knowledge sharing and knowledge exchanges in the level of related industries or adjacent regions. Recently, assertions that knowledge management is worth of application in the level of an industry or regional industrial cluster appear in academics and practitioners. This study explores the characteristics and challenges of knowledge management when it is applied in the level of an industrial cluster. Critical concepts and research questions are developed from the review on previous studies and explored through interpretive case studies and in-depth interviews.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.8-21
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• 2015

Technology for electric lighting has been evolving from Incandescent Lamp(IL) through Fluorescent Lamp(FL) and currently to Solid State Lighting(SSL) such as LED for more than 130 years of time. However, it took more than 100 years until the transition from IL to FL across overall society. That is because the transition is the Socio-Technical Transition(STT) which involves various social elements. This study investigated and analyzed the theories regarding STT, and applied the Multi-Level Perspective(MLP) theory to the case of electric lighting. A qualitative contents analysis was used with secondary data as research method, and the analyzed result was visualized based on the frame of MLP theory. The STT of electric lighting from IL to FL took place as the order of Technical Niche, Socio-Technical Regime and Landscape. Specifically, in Technical Niche level: Establishing Market Niche, Price-Performance Improvement, Learning Process and Support of Powerful Group took place. In Socio-Technical Regime level: Changes in Social Network, Changes in Technology and Changes in Rules. In Landscape level: Macro-Political Development, Socio-Economic Trends and Macro-Economic Trends took place in consecutive order.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 1997

The effect of genetic diversity in sub-populations on breeding efficiency was examined with prospect of potential crossbreeding. Simulation study of selection was performed for 20 generations with 20 replications each, comparing average breeding values and inbreeding coefficients between the two breeding systemes; single population scheme and two population scheme. The different genetic levels were assumed to be caused by different gene frequencies. Phenotypes of two traits generated polygenic effect with additive 36 loci and residuals distributed normally were selected by selection index procedure. High genetic gain with less inbreeding was clearly recognized in the single population scheme, independently of difference in genetic level, economic weight and genetic correlation. Genetic correlation after selection in the single population scheme was lower than the two population scheme. When crossbreeding between the sub-population was taken into account, superiority of the two population scheme was suggested under those restrictions; difference in genetic level is moderate, selection criterion for the two traits is not far from even economic weight, and genetic correlation is positive with low to moderate value. The use of complementarity increased the possibility of the two population scheme.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6517-6526
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• 2015

This study analyzes the technical level and shows the priority technology for suspension bridges that play an iconic role as the country's landmark and contain an economic value. Analysis results show the technical level of suspension bridge is 82 percent compared to developed countries. In detail, the technical levels of 'materials', 'planning and design', and 'construction and maintenance' are 80.2 %, 81.7%, and 83.7% respectively. This study analyzes economic, social, technical importances and presents 'high-performance packaging material' as a priority technology.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Therapy Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 1992

Depression in Spinal Cord Injury Patients Kang, Soon Hee, M.Ed., R.P.T. Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center Depressions have the potential to affect adversely the rehabilitation of patients with spi-nal cord iniury. The present study examined depression, functional independence, and demographic and medical characteristics for 49 spinal cord injury(SCI) patients. This investigation involved the administration of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Modified Barthel Index, and aquestionnaire consisted of 14 items, The results were as follows .1. Compared to normal subjects, SCI patients had significantly higher BDI scores.2. When the cut-off point of HDI scores was assumed 21, 26.1% of normal subjeets and 75.5% of SCI patients appeared to be depressed. Depression in SCT patients were not related with age, sex, marital status, injury evel, severity, duration, pain, functional independence and medical charge. Depression in SCI patients were related with education level, economic level, age at injury, motivation. Depression in normal subjects were related with age, education level, economic level, but not related with sex, marital status. There were significant differences at 30 items of BDI between normal subjects and SCI patients. The items were as fellows . 1 sadness, 2 pessimism, 3 failure, 4 dissat-isfaction, 5 guilt, 6 punishment. 7 self-dislike 9 suicidal, 10 crying, 11 irritability, 12withdrawl, 13 indecisive, 14 self-image, IS work inhibition, 16 insomnia, 17 fatigue,18 anorexia, 19 weight loss, 20 hypochondria, 21 libido loss.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.13-39
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• 2006

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the interaction effects of organizational characteristics as contextual variables on the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and ASP service performance. The effect of relational exchange characteristics on ASP service performance has been also investigated. For this purposes, we developed a research model based on the literature reviews of ASP services, relational exchange theory, and contingency theory. A total of 106 usable survey responses from companies using ASP services has been analyzed in the study. The findings indicate that (1) flexibility and partnership had a positive influence upon noneconomic profit, (2) information sharing had a positive influence upon economic profit, (3) organizational size and IS maturity had a partial moderating effect on the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and ASP service performance, and (4) the subgroup analysis, conducted to determine the exact nature of interaction effect, reveals that the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and noneconomic profit is significantly stronger with a high level of organizational size than with a low level, and that the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and economic profit is significantly stronger with a low level of IS maturity than with a high level.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.363-394
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• 2012

WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) was designed to liberalize and expand trade in government procurement. Revised GPA was implemented in 1996 and the latest revision was completed (but not yet implemented) in 2012, but as a plurilateral agreement. Since the end of the UR, there has been attempts by various WTO members to liberalize trade in the government procurement market - through an expansion of Parties who are signatories to GPA, and through a negotiated agreement on transparency in government procurement. The attempt to expand the Parties who are signatories to the GPA - attempt to increase the width of the coverage of the agreement - has been somewhat successful, but I argue that the goal should be to further liberate the government procurement markets of the current Party members - to reduce thresholds and other barriers which limit market access even to other GPA members, in other words, to increase the depth of coverage. Taking cue from Korea's FTA, I propose a two-level liberalization of the government procurement market under the GPA: A "light" level which would be the same as the current level of liberalization; and a "deep" level with lower thresholds and less exemptions. I argue that, as seen in Korea, with FTAs, many GPA Parties already have multiple levels of liberalization (i.e, spaghetti-bowl effect of FTAs), but by limiting the levels of liberalization to two, we can seek the best of deep liberalization but reduce the spaghetti-bowl effect.