• Plant Resources
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to clarify of floristic composition and the landscape structure on the habitats of each Ranunculus plant, which were distributed in Daejeon, Korea. Three taxa were distributed and investigated in this study. Floristic composition of habitats were organized by living in flatten open space needed a lot of sunlight and humidity species. Landscape ecological structure of habitats were defined by soils of coarse loamy and loamy skeletal, slope of under 15$^{\circ}$, under the (five percent of woody coverage at 100-300m above the sea levels. Distribution patterns of Ranunculus plants in Daejeon were presented on the 1km X 1km grid map.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2003

According to the energy hypothesis, the energy input per unit area primarily determines species richness in regions of roughly equal area. Some energy-related ecological research included identification of major climatic variables to determine regional species richness. In this study, the local butterfly species richness was examined to find out whether weather variables affected the local distribution or abundance of butterfly populations. Butterfly monitoring data from May 2001 to April 2002 taken at Mt. Yudal, Mokpo, in the southwestern part of Korea, and six weather variables (monthly mean values of temperature, precipitation, evaporation, wind speed, air pressure, and sunlight) were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis showed that only temperature explained 80% and 70% of the variability of log-transformed number of species and individuals, respectively, indicating that temperature played an important role in local species richness. Furthermore, global warming could affect the abundance and distribution of butterflies regionally as well as locally.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze habitat distribution on tiger, wolf, and leopard in Joseonwangjosilok. Nowaday, we only come to meet these kind of animals at the historical records because of haman-induced habitat encroachment. Historically, extinct animal became an object of game by people. So, we try to get distribution information for restoration on historical extinct animals. We made distribution map by constructing 402 counts on tiger(350), leopard(51) and wolf(1) recordsfrom 14th to Early 20th century for study. Analyzing historical materials, criteria for data analysis took into account objectivity, location information, accuracy for extinct animals. We carried out location identification of animals by using geocoding comparing with geographical name of the Joseon Dynasty period, topographic map of time under the rule of Japanese imperialism, present place name and historical materials. Database items are constructed 20 types for example appearance year of animal, population, location, damage, etc. As a result of analysis for appearance regions, tigers were recorded in capital area of higher density population intensively, and also were frequently seen at Daegu, Andong etc. Leopard and wolf were founded at regionally Gyeonggi-do and Jinju with limitation, relatively seen a few number. The reason of the appearance records like this, tiger prefer game of open and water-front area in near human residential area, there are lots of historical records such as 'Hosang'(mourning someone who killed by Tiger) and hunting. But leopard and wolf inhabit rocky area and dense forest, the reason why they made a few contact with human. Results of this are expect to be applicable restoration research for extinct animal by providing for populations, habitat environments and distribution information.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2017

Background: Many studies about climate-related range shift of plants have focused on understanding the relationship between climatic factors and plant distributions. However, consideration of adaptation factors, such as dispersal and plant physiological processes, is necessary for a more accurate prediction. This study predicted the future distribution of marlberry (Ardisia japonica), a warm-adapted evergreen broadleaved shrub, under climate change in relation to the dispersal ability that is determined by elapsed time for the first seed production. Results: We introduced climate change data under four representative concentration pathway (RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) scenarios from five different global circulation models (GCMs) to simulate the future distributions (2041~2060) of marlberry. Using these 20 different climate data, ensemble forecasts were produced by averaging the future distributions of marlberry in order to minimize the model uncertainties. Then, a dispersal-limited function was applied to the ensemble forecast in order to exam the impact of dispersal capacity on future marlberry distributions. In the dispersal-limited function, elapsed time for the first seed production and possible dispersal distances define the dispersal capacity. The results showed that the current suitable habitats of marlberry expanded toward central coast and southern inland area from the current southern and mid-eastern coast area in Korea. However, given the dispersal-limited function, this experiment showed lower expansions to the central coast area and southern inland area. Conclusions: This study well explains the importance of dispersal capacity in the prediction of future marlberry distribution and can be used as basic information in understanding the climate change effects on the future distributions of Ardisia japonica.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

National parks and other protected areas often do not adequately protect national biodiversity because they were originally created for socio-economic and/or aesthetic values. The Korean government has committed to expanding the extent of protected areas to fulfill its commitments to the Aichi Biodiversity Convention. To do so, it is necessary to quantify the current levels of biodiversity representation within existing protected areas and to identify additional conservation needs for vulnerable species and ecological systems. In this study, we assess the proportion of species ranges found in South Korea's protected areas, for the species documented in the 3^rd National Ecosystem Survey. We modeled the range distribution of 3,645 species in the following taxonomic groups; plants (1,545 species), mammals (35), birds (132), herptiles (35), and insects (1,898) using the MaxEnt species distribution model and calculated how much of each species' range is within protected areas. On average, 17.4% of plant species' ranges are represented in protected areas, while for mammals and insects an average 12.0% is currently conserved. Conservation representation for herptiles averages 9.3%, while it is 8.6% for birds. Although large proportions of species that have restricted distributions should be represented in protected areas, 17 plant species, two insects (Parnassius bremeri and Lasioglossum occidens), and one bird species (Phylloscopus inornatus) with ranges smaller than 1,000 ㎢ have less than 10% of their ranges within protected areas. Establishing specific conservation goals such as the protection of endangered species or vulnerable taxonomic groups will increase the efficiency of the biodiversity conservation strategies. In addition, lowland coastal areas are critical for biodiversity conservation because the protected areas in South Korea are mainly composed of high mountainous areas.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.1007-1016
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• 2021

This study examined the characteristics and seasonal distribution patterns of subtidal marine algal communities along the east coast of Korea, from 2016 to 2017, and recorded the coverage ratio (%) by the algal type. During the study period, 134 marine algae species (16 green, 29 brown, and 89 red) were identified at the survey sites. The maximum number of species was observed at the Nagok site (70 species), and the minimum at the Gisamoon site (50 species). The total average biomass (dry weight) during the survey period was 66.22 g/m², including green algae (2.19 g/m²), brown algae (38.10 g/m²), and red algae (25.94 g/m²). The dominant seaweeds in the vertical distribution based on coverage rates (%) were Sargassum yezoense and Dictyopteris divaricata at the upper, Symphyocladia latiuscula and Undaria pinnatifida at the middle, and Agarum clathratum subsp. yakishiriense and Plocamium telfairiae at the lower sections of the distribution. Richness, evenness, and diversity index, calculated based on the biomass of the abundant species, were estimated to be 6.36, 0.55, and 1.98, respectively, over the entire sea area. Based on the evaluation of the environmental states using community indices, the ecological evaluation index (EEI-c) of subtidal marine algal communities along the east coast of Korea was marked as 'good-moderate'.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2022

함평만은 좁은 만 입구와 복잡한 지형 구조로 인하여 비대칭적인 퇴적물 이동이 일어나기 때문에, 갯벌의 저질에는 모래 함량이 증가하는 것으로 연구되었다. 모래화 갯벌은 염습지 식생 분포를 변화시키는 것으로 현존식생도와 식생단면도 조사를 통해 분석되었다. 2016년과 2022년의 식생면적 비교에서 절대염생식물인 해홍나물군락은 74% 감소하였다. 반면 임의염생식물인 갯잔디군락은 75% 증가하였다. 특히 갯잔디는 지하경과 줄기의 밀도가 높게 발달하여, 군락 내 모래와 같은 퇴적물을 가둬서 견고한 사구환경을 조성하는 것으로 보인다. 함평만 갯벌의 효과적인 자연보전 관리 계획 수립을 위하여, 갯벌 토성 변화와 식생 군집의 상호작용이 향후 갯벌생태계에 미치는 영향에 대해 통합적 접근이 필요하다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2013

본 연구는 온대 남부, 중부, 북부지역의 소나무림을 대상으로 기상인자, 생육인자에 대해 생태적 지위폭(ecological niche breadth)을 분석하였으며, 향후 기후 변화에 따른 소나무림 분포에 미치는 환경 인자를 규명하기 위해 수행하였다. 2010년 9월부터 10월까지 강릉, 정선, 평창, 함양, 봉황, 영양, 울진, 의성 보성 9개 지역에 $20{\times}20m$의 방형구를 설치하여 수고, 흉고 직경, 지하고, 수관폭, 흉고단면적을 생육인자로 이용하였으며, 기상인자는 최저기온, 평균기온, 최고기온, 습도, 강수량을 조사지역에서 가장 가까운 관측소의 측정값을 이용하였다. 5가지 기상인자에 대한 생태적 지위폭은 습도를 제외한 기상인자에서 생태적 지위폭이 낮게 나타났으며, 기상변화에 따른 소나무의 분포역이 한정될 가능성이 높아지는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 또한 강수량과 기온변화가 소나무림의 분포에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 특히 최고기온의 경우 대부분의 조사지역에서 0.4이하의 낮은 생태적 지위폭을 보였다. 하지만 5가지 생육인자에 대한 생태적 지위폭은 모든 조사지역에서 높게 나타났으며, 이는 소나무가 환경변화에 적응하여 분포역이 넓다는 것을 의미하는 것으로 기상인자와는 상반되는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과의 원인은 생육인자의 경우 과거 안정된 환경에 적응하여 지속적으로 생장하였기 때문에 생육 내성의 범위가 커 소나무의 생태적 지위폭이 넓게 나타났으며, 반대로 기상인자의 경우 지속적인 지구온난화의 결과로서 소나무가 생육하기 어려운 조건으로 변하기 때문으로 판단되며, 향후 기온상승으로 인한 소나무림의 분포지역의 감소가 지속적으로 이루어질 것으로 전망된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2009

신갈나무의 생태적 특성을 밝히기 위하여 유식물의 주요 환경요인 중 광, 수분과 영양소를 각각 4구배로 처리하고, 2007년 3월~10월까지 양묘하여 17가지의 형태 및 생태형질을 측정하여 생태적 지위폭을 계산하였다. 그리고 이 지위폭과 상수리나무와 굴참나무와의 생태적 중복역을 비교분석하여 3종의 분포적 특성과 경쟁관계를 생태적으로 해석하고자 하였다. 신갈나무의 생태적 지위폭은 환경요인 중 영양소구배에서 가장 낮았고, 수분구배에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 광구배에서는 그 중간이었다. 신갈나무는 광환경에 대해서만 상수리나무나 굴참나무보다 생태적 지위폭이 큼으로써 이는 3종의 참나무가 경쟁시 광환경에서는 신갈나무가 우월하며, 또한 한반도에서 신갈나무가 우점하는 원인 중의 하나가 광환경에 대한 높은 적응력일 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 신갈나무-상수리나무와 신갈나무-굴참나무의 생태적 중복역은 수분구배에서 가장 넓었고, 영양소구배에서 가장 좁게 나타났다. 광구배에서는 그 중간이었다. 이는 참나무 3종이 영양소환경이나 광환경에 대해서는 서로 간 생태적 분화가 수분 환경보다 상대적으로 많이 일어났음을 뜻한다. 유집분석과 주성분분석을 이용한 참나무 3종의 환경구배에 대한 반응에서는 신갈나무-상수리나무 간의 공간적 위치는 신갈나무-굴참나무 간의 위치보다 서로 가깝게 배열되어 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 신갈나무와 상수리나무는 생태적 지위가 유사하여 환경요인, 특히 수분환경에 대한 경쟁이 신갈나무와 굴참나무에 비해 더 심하게 일어남을 의미한다.