• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 1997

To explanin allopatric distribution of Carpinus cordata and C. laxiflora in the field the effect of soil flooding on photosynthesis and water relations was tested with field grown saplings. Under the flooding condition stomatal conductance of C. laxiflora decreased markedly from day two after flooding treatment and remanined low throughout the experiment. In contrast, flooding had no effect on stomatal conductance of C. cordata throughout the exper iment. The rate of photosynthesis of C. laxiflora was significantly suppressed under flooding conditions, whereas that of C. cordata was not affected in the flooded condition. On day seven after flooding treatment xylem pressure potential of C. laxiflora significantly decreased. Flooding, however, did not have any effect on the xylem pressure potential of C. cordata throughout the experiment. From these findings it is concluded that there is a difference in resistance to flooding between C. cordata and C. laxiflora and that one of the the factors responsible for allopatric distribution in the two species is flooding.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 1977

The vertical distribution of the corticolous lichens in Mt. Sobaeg was detected by 10cm point quadrat. The dominant species of lichens was arranged in a single dimensional ordination along the elevational gradient with the frequency percentage of the species. Cetraria stracheyi, Parnaria leucosticta, Stieta platyphyll and Parmelia petusa were found in order of abundant from lower, Samgadong(400m) to higher, Birobong(1439m) in which they occurred mainly on the southwest slope. However, such species as Cetraria juniperina was more abundant than Parnaria leucosticta and Stieta platyphylla at the southeast slope. The distribution of Cetraria Stracheyi and Parnaria leucosticta was limited below 1200m height, while Parmelia petusa and Cetraria juniperina mostly above 900m height.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2014

The arctic tundra is an important ecosystem in terms of the organic carbon cycle and climate change, and therefore, detailed analysis of vegetation distribution patterns is required to determine their association. We used grid-sampling method and applied geostatistics to analyze spatial variability and patterns of vegetation within a two-dimensional space, and calculated the Moran's I statistics and semivariance to assess the spatial autocorrelation of vegetation. Spatially autocorrelated vegetation consisted of moss, Eriophorum vaginatum, Betula nana, and Rubus chamaemorus. Interpolation maps and cross-correlograms revealed spatial specificity of Carex aquatilis and a strong negative spatial correlation between E. vaginatum and C. aquatilis. These results suggest differences between the species in water requirements for survival in the arctic tundra. Geostatistical methods could offer valuable information for identifying the vegetation spatial distribution.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 1998

Characteristics of species distribution in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain of Kangwon Province were discussed. Resulting from Detrending Correspondence Analysis based on the floristic composition of 48 mountains, the mountains of the Baekdoo chain tended to aggregate on DCA axis. it represented that there was the peculiar floristic composition of the Baekdoo chain separated from the other mountains. High altitude, longitude near the East Sea and large number of vascular species were main factors for the distribution pattern. And exponential relationships between endemic rare species and number of species were clarified. Even though the regions of the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain had been conserved relatively well, many regions have been faced to be disturbed for tourism, agriculture, forestry, livestock industry and mining since the local autonomy. Thusm, the necessity for the establishment of large area network through the connection of scattered protected areas in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain was suggested. it would play a role as a core of nature conservation to sustain species diversity in Korea.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2014

The number of features related to morphology, distribution of habitats, biotopical distribution, and biology of species reproduction (within the territory described) of the Mongolian toad (Bufo raddei) which inhabits western shore of Lake Baikal were described. In this paper on the basis of the results of field studies in 1997, 2001, 2005, 2012 the original data on reproduction and chemical composition of the spawning ponds, used by frogs for reproduction, is presented. It was found that reproduction of species occurs in the salty steppe (14-45 g/L) lakes in the west part of the Baikal basin.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.5_2
• /
• pp.557-565
• /
• 1998

The occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellualr slime molds were investigated in forests of Mt. Paektu. Fourteen species were isolated from forest soils of thirteen sites as follows Dictyostelium minutum, D. brefeldianum, D. crassicaule, D. capitatum, D. mucoroides var. stoloniferum, D. macrocephalum, D. mucoroides, D. septentrionalis, D. purpureum, D. aureo-stipes, P. violaceum, P. pallidum and two unidentified speceis. Mean total clones and species found were 4,415.69 No./g and 2.92, respectively. Dominant species were D. minutum, D. brefeldianum and D. crassicaule in this study area, and first widespread species was D. minutum. All sepecies that found in Mt. Paektu were isolated from forests of South Korea. But dominant species was different from those of South Korea. Total clones and species were more in subalpine Eurya japonica than in low elevated abies nephrolepis. It was thought that distribution of dictyostelids was related to soil microenvironments by vegetation, not or not more elevation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.287-297
• /
• 2016

This study aims to identify the relationship between climatic factors and stand mean Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) for two major tree species; Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica in Andong-dam basin. Forest variables such as age, diameter distribution and number of trees per hectare from the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ National Forest Inventory data were used to develop a DBH estimation model. Climate data were collected from six meteorological observatory station and twelve Automatic Weather System provided by Korea Meteorological Administration to produce interpolated daily average temperature map with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. Andong-dam basin reflects rugged mountainous terrain, so temperature were adjusted by lapse rate based correction. As a result, predictions of model were consistent with the previous studies; that the rising temperature is negatively related to the growth of Pinus densiflora whereas opposing trend is observed for Quercus mongolica.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.95 no.6
• /
• pp.663-671
• /
• 2006

This study was performed for exploring the spatial distribution pattern of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. in Korea. Firstly, the spatial distribution map of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. was prepared in grid of $100m{\times}100m$ at national level, using digital forest type map and actual vegetation map. And thematic maps for topography, climate, and soil were also prepared in the raster form of $100m{\times}100m$. Through GIS based spatial analysis of the digital distribution map of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. and thematic maps, the spatial characteristics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. distribution was explored in relation to the environmental factors such as topography, climate, and soil. And the occurrence frequency models of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. were derived. Pinus densiflora occurs more often than Quercus spp. at low elevation, low slope gradient, and high temperature areas. In addition, Pinus densiflora is mainly distributed at shallow and well-drained loamy soil from igneous rocks. In contrast, Quercus spp. is more common at shallow and well-drained loamy soil from metamorphic rocks. As a result, the prediction model for the spatial distribution of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. by topographical variables has proven successful with high statistical significance. The result of this study can contribute to rational management of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. stand in Korea, considering environmental factors such as topography, climate, and soil.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.158-169
• /
• 2012

Sabah has experienced a rapid decline in the extent of forest cover. The precise impact of habitat loss on the conservation status of the plants of Sabah is uncertain. In this study we use the niche modelling algorithm MAXENT to construct preliminary, revised and final ecological niche models for Dipterocarpus lamellatus and Dipterocarpus ochraceus and combined these models with data on current land-use to derive conservation assessments for each species. Preliminary models were based on herbarium data alone. Ground surveys were conducted to evaluate the performance of these preliminary models, and a revised niche model was generated from the combined herbarium and ground survey data. The final model was obtained by constraining the predictions of the revised models by filters. The range overlap between the preliminary and revised models was 0.47 for D. lamellatus and 0.39 for D. ochraceus, suggesting poor agreement between them. There was substantial variation in estimates of habitat loss for D. ochraceus, among the preliminary, revised and constrained models, and this has the potential to lead to incorrect threat assessments. From these estimates of habitat loss, the historic distribution and estimates of population size we determine that both species should be classified as Critically Endangered under IUCN Red List guidelines. Our results suggest that ground-truthing of ecological niche models is essential, especially if the models are being used for conservation decision making.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2008

As a basic study for establishing a countermeasure for an oxygen deficient water mass (ODW), we investigated the variation of ODW volume according to the enforced total pollution load management in Jinhae Bay. This study estimated the inflowing pollutant loads into Jinhae Bay and predicted the reduction in ODW by using a sediment-water ecological model (SWEM). The result obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1) The daily average pollutant loads of COD, SS, TN, TP, DIN, and DIP inflowing into Jinhae bay in 2005 were estimated to be about 12,218 kg-COD/day, 91,884 kg-SS/day, 5,292 kg-TN/day, 182 kg-TP/day, 4,236 kg-DIN/day, and 130 kg-DIP/day. 2) The calculated results of the tidal current by the hydrodynamic model showed good agreement with the observed currents. Also, an ecological model well reproduced the spatial distribution of the water quality in the bay. 3) This study defined the ODWDI (ODW decreasing index) in order to estimate the ODW decreasing volume caused by a reduction in the inflowing pollutant loads. As a result, the ODWDI was predicted to be about 0.91 (COD 30% reduction), 0.87 (COD 50% reduction), 0.79 (COD 70% reduction), 0.85 (ALL 30% reduction), 0.66 (ALL 50% reduction), and 0.45 (ALL 70% reduction). The ODW volume was decreased 1.5 $\sim$ 2.6 times with a reduction in the COD, TN, and TP inflowing pollutant loads compared to a reduction in just the COD inflowing pollutant load. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce total pollution load management, not only for COD, but also fm TN and TP.