• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

Hydrogen energy has been attracting attention as an alternative energy source for petroleum and stoneware. In addition, the benefits of hydrogen energy, such as no dust, abundant energy source and no ecological impact, were to compare favorably with other renewable energy sources. However, unclear product development standards and usage of hydrogen energy increase the risk of accidents in hydrogen energy related product lines. And, the high energy level of hydrogen has implications for large social problems in the event of an accident. Therefore, this study suggests the standardization method of fast hydrogen energy to help secure the safe market of hydrogen energy related products, which are mostly developed new products.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.153-163
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• 2014

The eco-friendly elements are important for new construction and renovation and redevelopment of the buildings. The green buildings are related with minimizing environmental pollution and how to live with nature throughout the entire process of demolishing and building. The purpose of this paper is to study on eco-friendly business buildings in the trend of mandatory green building certification system. The analysis of this paper is comparative studies on practices at eleven domestic eco-friendly business buildings through site survey on design framework of green buildings. The design framework of eleven this buildings is six kinds of skills on technical, renewable, ecological, cultural, healthy, social. The eleven this buildings in the new & renewable energy and IT technology of technical sector are satisfied with the framework. But, domestic most advanced eco-friendly business buildings are placed difference between almost the two times on the lower buildings at comparative evaluation. The three of this buildings are gratified rainwater harvesting and waste recycling systems for renewable and recycle. The buildings have an excellent aspects of technology and ecology. The benefits of this buildings are related with future compulsory zero energy house to take technical advantage of renewable energy. However, the buildings reflecting the regional culture types is insufficient. The buildings should be supplemented as follows. This buildings are need to have the social enhancement programs and design for convenient space of community residents, through health and comfort of on workplace. Moreover, this buildings have features of coexisting with human beings and nature friendly with the aim of realizing the sustainable development. The social enhancement programs through regional cultural aspects with ecology are related with individual and community livings in harmony, non-hierarchical communal lifes. The development of the cultural aspects provide for consensus about the local community and creating sustainable communities. Thus, The buildings are to have energy saving, pleasant and healthy living environment and interactive individual and community livings in harmony.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.137-145
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• 2010

Active sunlighting systems have been applied to deliver sunlight into the indoor space where natural light is insufficient, mainly because of the congested high-rise buildings in urban areas. Among various active sunlighting systems, a mirror sunlighting system which is simple structure and economically reasonable has been widely used in different types of spaces such as underground, north facing place and atrium. This study was to evaluate the mirror sunlighting systems, which were consisted of the first mirror of $3.5m{\times}2.5m$, the eight sets of the second mirrors of $1.0m{\times}1.25m$ and a sun tracker. Ten sets of the systems were installed for 40 apartment living rooms, the configuration of $3.5m(W){\times}4.0m(D){\times}2.5m(H)$ where sunlighting were not possible due to high retaining walls located in the front of the living rooms. The 45 HOBO data logger sensors for the indoor illuminance were equipped and 2 Li-cor photometers for outdoor illuminance. Both indoor and outdoor horizontal illuminances were monitored every second from 9am to 3pm on 17 January 2010 under clear sky condition. The results showed that the indoor illuminance of installed mirror sunlighting system was significant relationship with outdoor illuminance and increased the indoor illuminance level by 4.2 times on the whole floor space, by 8 times on the sun patch space of 6m2 and even by 2 times on the no sun patch space. In addition, the luminous conditions of the living room under real sky conditions met the KS recommendation for difficult task (600-1000-1500 lux) such as sewing and reading on whole floor space and sun patch space. It was proved that the benefits of mirror sunlighting systems included an effective technology for penetrating daylight into indoors where sunlighting was not possible and improving occupants' satisfaction and health, and contributing to energy saving in apartments during daytime.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Globally, the issue of aging populations has become a significant one, and while Korea is not yet in the same position as many other countries, it has been changing rapidly into an aged society. Korea will be an aged society and this will increase the problems which are associated with an aged society. So we are in the urgent situation of looking the solutions for aged society problems. On this theme, a society which is rapidly aging has a growing interest with developing solutions for suitable elderly housing. A possible model of elderly housing which accomplished this is shared housing. Shared housing is more integrated in local society, and is designed like a small-scale house concept. Also as it provides benefits for social, economical and practical to the continuance of independent life, the shared housing which gives the possibility of sustainable life in the local society is a unique housing type and not only an extension of a housing community, but also it an alternative plan of social integration. This study is one of the methods for the proposal of an alternative plan for the sustainable housing using a small group workshop. It aims to understand the housing preferences of seniors and introduce various shared housing types to a low-income senior group and offer new information of the shared housing for the future. So I give the source that senior could think about their housing plan and what is housing preference type. I anticipate that the better elderly environments, facilities and service to the elderly shared housing development in the future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is development and analysis of Effluence Characteristic of the Rainfall in the IRMA Green Roof System(developed in KICT) Plus 50 program is an internal research project at KICT(Korean Institute of Construction Technology) which has it as an object ; to lengthen the building's life 50-year or more and reduce energy conception 50% than present. Green roof system is one of the most important theme in the Plus 50 program. Generally, a Green Roof System has a positive effect on the thermal conductivity in winter, the micro cooling effect on building and city by evaporation in summer, the flood-control effect by runoff-reduction or the treated rainwater-quality of green roof system and so on. However, inspection of the physical effect of green roof system does not consider in Korea. Above all, long-term monitoring and a whole observation of green roof system is needed to probate the effect. So a new experimental method could be tried in this research, which is never attempted in Korea. The measurement by a bucket with a great volume, 1L, gives a new dimension of measuring green roof effect to measure the permanent running flood from a wide roof. This offers a reasonable result on a long-term measuring of a running water. Additionally, the thermal behavior of the IRMA(Insulated Roof Membrane Assembly), known in the western europe as a reasonable solution at green roof system by economical benefits and easy construction, would be experimented.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.78-90
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• 2015

Short rotation woody crops belonging to the genera Populus L., Salix L., Pinus L., and Eucalyptus L'Her. have provided broad economic and ecological benefits throughout the world, including afforestation and reforestation along urban to rural gradients. Within the genus Populus, cottonwoods, poplars, aspens, and their hybrids (hereafter referred to as poplars) have been shown to exhibit favorable genotype ${\times}$ environment interactions, especially in the face of changing climates. Similar growth responses have been reported for Pinus, especially with white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the North Central United States. This has led to current research priorities focused on ecosystem services for both genera. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) defines cultural, supporting, provisioning, and regulating ecosystem services. The overarching objective of this paper was to synthesize information about the potential of poplars to provide multiple ecosystem services when grown at sites with varying soil and climate conditions across landscape gradients from urban to rural areas. Specific objectives included: 1) providing background of the United States Forest Service and its Research and Development branch, 2) integrating knowledge of current poplar breeding and development with biomass provisioning and carbon regulating ecosystem services as they relate to changing climates in the North Central United States, and 3) providing a case study illustrating this integration through comparisons of poplar with white pine. Our results were evaluated in the context of climate change mitigation, with specific focus on selection of favorable genotypes for sequestering atmospheric carbon and reducing fossil fuel carbon emissions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.445-452
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• 2000

The effects of sludge and fertilizer application on germination and seedling growth of woody plants on heavy metal mine tailings were evaluated by greenhouse experiment. Two different mine tailings (Lead-zinc mine tailings from Kwangmyong, Kyonggi-do and tungsten mine tailings from Sangdong. Kangwon-do). four fertilizer treatments (N +P +K: 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/m$^3$), and four sewage sludge treatments (5.5, 11, 22.5, and 45 Mg/m$^3$) were used in the experiment. Tested plants were Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, Amorpha fruticosa, and Alnus hirsuta. There were three replicates for each treatment. In addition, vermiculite was used instead of mine tailings to determine the effect of physical amendments. Fifty seeds of a species were sown in a pot (upper diameter 13.5 cm, depth 10 cm) and seedling emergence were recorded daily for 30 days. The highest germination rate was 53% for all treatments. Germination rate of Larix leptolepis was lowest among the four species studied. One month later after seeding, seedlings were thinned and only 5 seedling were left in each pot, and fertilizer and sewage sludge were applied once again. Growth of seedlings were determined for 10 weeks since then. Most plants grew very poorly or died within 5 weeks on lead/zinc mine tailings from Kwangmyong. The analysis of heavy metal contents by the total dissolution method showed that heavy metals generally increased in the order of tungsten mine tailings from Sangdong < sewage sludge from Puchon < lead/zinc mine tailings from Kwangmyong. Growth of woody plants was improved significantly by the fertilizer treatments on tungsten mine tailings. In contrast. survival and growth of woody plants were not affected significantly by the sewage sludge treatment on both tailings. This study shows that fertilizer applied to established seeded stands may provide some benefits in terms of increased ground cover in the field. It is suggested that reclamation should be proceeded by the study of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of mine tailings.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 2011

Energy management aims to financial and ecological success by optimizing the energy consuming sources such as sensors, computers and appliances. Hence, acquiring energy-related data from the sources in an automated manner is the starting point of managing energy. Recently, awareness computing has been emerging in system and cybernetics area. Awareness is the most fundamental ability for any living things to survive, and also the first step to make systems intelligent with the help of artificial intelligence. Even though the potential reciprocal benefits between energy management and awareness computing, frameworks which show how awareness computing contributes to manage energy-related strategy have been very few. Hence, this paper aims to introduce the awareness computing issues to improve energy management. In particular, we focus on satisfaction awareness computing which potentially realize the balance of energy savings and user's utility.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.46-57
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• 1992

This study was carried out to compare physiological characteristics of winter green cultivar (Buxus microphylla van. koreana 'Hanlim') with those of native cultuvar and clucidate the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai). The results are summarized as followed; The 'Hanlim' cultivar had higher contents of chlorophyll as compared with native cultivar from September, 1989 to March, 1990. However, at April, 1990, native cultivar had higher chlorophyll contents. In the rate of photosynthesis, 'Hanlim' cultivar was higher than native cultivar from September to December, 1989, but showed the opposite trend from March to April, 1990. As to the period of browning, 'Hanlim'cultivar had stayed green even after November 22, 1989, while the foliage of native cultivar turned yellowish brown color through the winter. The contents of nitrogen and potassium of 'Hanlim' cultivar werehigher than those of the native cultivar. However native cultivar had higher rate of phosphorus, magnessium, and calcium. In the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai), chlorophyll contents were increased with shading and leaves grown 70% shading had twice as much as those of full sunlight, fertilized plot. Nutrient fertilization increased chlorophyll contents and values of color in boxwood too. In the shading times, early shading time maintained effectively green color of boxwood in winter. Therefore, in case of native cultivars, it has planted at full sunlight area until now and color of leaves turned yellowish brown color through the witner. However, it will maintain green color of leaves by planting at shade area. In addition to, as 'Hanlim' cultivar had benefits of maintain green color of leaves during winter, it will be planted at full sunlight area to landscape plants.