• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2016

Purpose: International efforts to save Earth's environment against global warming and environmental pollution have been made in many countries. Energy consumption of buildings has been continuously increasing, and it has been over 40% of total energy consumption in the world. Energy consumption of buildings in Korea reaches 24% of total energy consumption. So, Korea government has executed building energy rating systems to control energy consumption of buildings. Method: This study was carried out to evaluate the energy performance of apartment unit plans according to converting balconies into living areas. For the study, six types of input models were made. Two input models(SP1 and SP 2) were the standard units that balcony areas were not converted into living areas, and four ones(EP 1, EP 2, EP 3 and EP 4) were the extended unit plans that balcony areas were turned into living areas. All of them were simulated with ECO2 software to assess building energy efficiency. Result: According to the results, the energy performance of the EP 2 and EP 4 models were 21. 8% higher than SP 1 model and 9.2% higher than SP 2 model.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2021

As interest in the eco-friendly ships and lightweight equipment is increasing in the shipbuilding and marine industry, composite materials are applied to equipment such as pipes. In this study, a basalt fiber reinforced furan composite (BFC), an eco-friendly material, was manufactured to apply the pipe insulation cover that requires environment-friendly and heat/flame retardant performance. An optimization study of post-curing conditions of BFC was conducted, and experiments and analysis were performed on mechanical strength, heat/flame retardant properties, and affinity properties. Finally, as a result of the study BFC material is proved to be a good candidate to apply pipe insulation cover.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

This research introduces necessity to derive new certification criteria for the hospital considering healing environmental factors in G-SEED. The method of research is reference study to discuss concept of healing environment factors and case study to find ways for problem and improvement by comparison of G-SEED with foreign certification system. And the research conclusion is such as follows. First, it is necessary to develop certification criteria of the hospital for G-SEED which is lack of healing environmental assessment factors unlike foreign certification system. Second, The hospitals are certified by criteria of The Other Buildings in G-SEED which dose not take into account the characteristics of the hospital. Especially hospital waste and use of enormous water are the important factors required, which is already evaluated in foreign certification criteria.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

Recently, energy generation using algae technology is being promising due to the emerging issues on energy insufficiency and environmental contamination, although the solution has not been resolved in aspect of technological and economical efficiencies since it was originally proposed in the early 1980s by many scholars. The energy production technology using algae materials has great values as not only a solution for new energy generation but also an eco-friendly sustainable building equipment system. In addition, cultivation tank for algae using water sources seems to play a role as a decreasing system for thermal transmittance on building components. This study aims at investigating the adaptability towards the future sustainable building with algae technology and testifying the energy efficiency of the algae skins by operating a couple of simulation tools to measure building performances for the proposed prototype of the façade system.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.31-42
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• 2013

Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) is evaluates the eco-friendliness of the building as an abjective means. Study in green building is made actively, and is being developed through constant revision. However, study results of green building have not been fully reflected in the standard. Therefore, this study analyzes the previous studies about G-SEED and checks the reflection of requirements. This study will be a reference of future revision of G-SEED. Score of items are divided into low and high score items. These items should be reflected appropriately in the standard through the score adjustment. Some requirements proposed in previous studies was reflected, while substantial requirements was not reflected. Proposed improvement requirements are classed as to establish specific standards, strengthen standards, propose a new evaluation method to existing items, and add new items.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.636-643
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• 2020

This study developed a method for simulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions considering changes in conditions that may occur during the actual operation of small ships. Additionally, we analyzed and compared the results of the proposed method with that of existing emission simulations according to life-cycle assessment (LCA), thus verifying the proposed method's effectiveness. Through the results of the study, we confirmed that the proposed method improves the simulation by considering emissions due to ship operation, whereas existing methods focus on emissions caused by raw material production. Additionally, the proposed method could identify and quantify the relationship between changes in operating conditions and GHG emissions. We expect this GHG emissions simulation technique to help improve the environmental performance of ships in the future.

• Architectural research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2009

This study presents the testing of 15 hwangtoh-based cementless concrete mixes to explore the significance and limitations of the development of eco-friendly concrete without carbon dioxide emissions while maintaining various beneficial effects. Hwangtoh, which is a kind of kaolin, was incorporated with inorganic materials, such as calcium hydroxide, to produce a cement-less binder. The main variables investigated were the water-to-binder ratio and fine aggregate-to-total aggregate ratio to ascertain the reliable mixing design of hwangtoh-based cementless concrete. The variation of slump with elapsed time was recorded in fresh concrete specimens. Mechanical properties of hardened concrete were also measured: including compressive strength gain, splitting tensile strength, moduli of rupture and elasticity, stress-strain relationship, and bond resistance. In addition, mechanical properties of hwangtoh-based cement-less concrete were compared with those of ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete and predictions obtained from the design equations specified in ACI 318-05 and CEB-FIP for OPC concrete, wherever possible. Test results show that the mechanical properties of hwangtoh-based concrete were significantly influenced by the water-to-binder ratio and to less extend by fine aggregate-to-total aggregate ratio. The moduli of rupture and elasticity of hwangtoh-based concrete were generally lower than those of OPC concrete. In addition, the stress-strain and bond stress-slip relationships measured from hwangtoh-based concrete showed little agreement with the design model specified in CEB-FIP. However, the measured moduli of rupture and elasticity, and bond strength were higher than those given in ACI 318-05 and CEB-FIP. Overall, the test results suggest that the hwangtoh-based concrete shows highly effective performance and great potential as an environmental-friendly building material.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the planting structure and ecological characteristics of greon spaces on the grounds of e Dangjin steam power plant. To achieve these goals, we surveyed existing vegetation, plant community structure, Plant volume and growth rate. Based on e vegetation analysis, existing vegetation was classified into six types: herbaceous species $(70.54\%)$, evergreen coniferous trees $(21.17\%)$, deciduous broad-leaved trees $(5.10\%)$, deciduous coniferous trees $(1.47\%)$, shrubs $(0.12\%)$, and other types $(1.59\%)$. The coal storage, office, and playground areas were community is the natural forest area where a Pinus thunbergii / Pinus densiflora community is distributed in terms of vegetation structure, species diversity, plant volume, and growth rate. The artificial green spaces(near the coal storage, office, playground areas) had a single-layer structure. Species diversity indices of the artificial green areas were $0.1655\~0.4807$ compared to 0.8628 in the natural forest, which presented a good growth environment. Also, the plant volume in the artificial green space was lower than that of the natural green space. Therefore, it would be desirable to develope a multi-layer structure similar to that of the vegetation in the natural green space in order to improve the amount of plant volume. The plant-damage ratio of Pinus thunbergii was $52.48\%$ in the coal storage area, and $8.48\~ 11.52\%$, in the other survey areas. Also, the vitality of Pinus thunbergii was $15.45k{\Omega}$ in the coal storage areas, which indicates bad growing conditions. This suggests that soil characteristics and dust have a bad impact on growth. The investigation into deciduous tres' growth status showed that appropriate plants would be Albizzia julibrissin, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, Acer palmatum, Malus spp., Prunus sargentii.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

The Korea Water Resources Corporation(KOWACO) proposed bidding for an alternative design for Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam in March of 2004. The site is located in Hakseong-ri, Goro-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and has adrainage area of $87.52km^2$. The purpose of this project is to establish an environmentally friendly plan for minimizing the damage that was caused by the construction of the Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam. The design principle of KOWACO was the restoration of the natural environment, a harmonious landscape, and the creation of a space of regional and local culture. The basic concept of this project involves an ecological-restoration axis and a functional-connection axis. The site is divided into four spaces: (1) the space of memory and symbol, (2) the space of nature and ecology, (3) the space of regional and local culture, and (4) the space of the regional economy. There are four sub-spaces in the space of memory and symbol: the track forest, the time forest, the memory room, and the sun plaza. There are three sub-spaces in the space of nature and ecology: the habitat of aquatic birds, the wind forest, and the eco-corridor. There are five themed parks in the space of regional and local culture: the culture and relic room, the wildflower garden, the ecological pond, the insect observation park, and the pyogo maze. There are three areas in the space of the regional economy: the forest pension, the waterside pension, and the community center, as Dungdungi village was reorganized to serve as a lodging complex. These themed parks, working together, can offer an effective space for nature, culture, rest, and experience.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

Currently, convergence research is being conducted in various research facilities in Korea, but it is true that there are very few multi-purpose convergence research facilities that can support such convergence research in universities, which are the most basic research group. In the case of multi-purpose convergence research facilities installed in universities, human resources from more diverse fields gather to conduct various studies than general research facilities, so the facilities should be planned to reflect these characteristics, and the space should be planned to promote human exchanges. The basic guidelines for planning multipurpose convergence research facilities installed in universities are as follows. First, multi-purpose convergence facilities in universities should be based on the habitability and convenience of users who use the facilities, and functionality, promotion of human resource exchange, symbolism, and eco-friendliness should be set as major planning factors. Second, in the case of internal planning, it is necessary to secure a efficient research and public space, a short and clear movement and evacuation plan, a future-oriented image and symbolism, an eco-friendly facility plan, efficiency through zoning and modularization, and future expansion. Third, in the case of size setting, it is appropriate to plan around 18,000m² of total floor area, and considered safe to plan around 45% of research & education area, 6% of support area, 5% of convenience area, 4% of exhibition area, and 40% of public areas by use, but additional reviews should be conducted according to the situation of each university or local region.