• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the possibility of the contact with pornographs of elementary school boys and girls and to confirm responses after that, and to compare the feeling of sexual conflict between the boys and girls. Methods: The subjects were 952 5th and 6th graders of elementary school in four city areas(456 boys, 496 girls). Data collection was via questionnaires Results: Except several pupils(34.4% of boys, 27.4% of girls), most of subjects of the study had no contact with pornographs. The response after the contact with pornographs was feeling of shame the most, which was a negative reaction. The sexual conflict appeared more in pupils who had contact with pornographs than in those who had not boys(t=3.84, p<.000), girls(t=3.96, p<.000), which showed a significant difference. However, the conflict between boys and girls was not significant statistically. Conclusion: We would like to suggest that a sound control system must be prepared and a development of programs related to sexual education and promotion of ability fighting against them that can release their impulse of sex.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 1990

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of Tongkwan-San water extract on analgesic, sedatative, anti-inflammatory, blood pressure and vasodilating actions, the relaxing action of isolated ileums and actions on the contact dermatitis induced by picryl chloride and on the leakage of the dye into the peritoneal cavity. The results of these studies were summarized as follows: The analgesic effect of Tongkwan-San was noted. The prolongation of anesthetic time of Tongkwan-San was recognized. Spontaneous motilities of isolated ileum of mice were strongly suppressed by Tongkwan-San. It inhibited the contractions of isolated ileum of mice induced by acetylcholine and barium chloride and the contraction of isolated ileum of guinea-pig induced by histamine. Inhibition of the contact dermatitis induced by picryl chloride was recognized. Anti-inflammatory effects in the paw edema induced by histamine and dextran were significantly shown. The leakage of dye into the peritoneal cavity in mice was significantly inhibited. Hypotensive and vasodilating action due to vascular smooth muscle relaxation were noted in rats and rabbits.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2006

The importance of measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQL) cannot be overemphasized. However, efforts to implement HRQL measurement often fail because of differences in definition and insufficient information about available measures. In this paper, many available HRQL measures are reviewed, which have been designed for, or frequently used with, people with cancer in order to aid in the evaluation of effects of oriental medicine on cancer patients. A total of 28 articles were selected from three different databases. The selected articles were analyzed according to three aspects of application of the Korean version of HRQL measures, namely generic, disease specific and symptoms related instruments. Nine HRQL measures are completed with Korean validation and data collection under contact and permission of the author. However, research studies that reported data on quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients treated with oriental medicine were wholly lacking. It is recommended that further studies be performed, using methods of data collection whose validity and reliability has been confirmed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2004

During the screening program to discover antiatopic agents from herbal formulas, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang (HT) on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and oxazolone-induced mouse ear dermatitis. HT significantly inhibited PCA reaction in mice at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg with inhibitory activity of 31 and 53%, respectively. HT at concentration of 0.05 and 0.1% inhibited ear swelling by 23 and 46% at 16 days in oxazolone-induced mouse ear dermatitis. Both HT with anti without human intestinal microflora showed potent inhibitory activity on the ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release induced by IgE. Based on these findings, HT may be a usable agent for skin disorder contact dermatitis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.237-240
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• 2004

When the concrete structures are in contact with seawater, concentration of chloride for estimating chloride diffusion coefficient can be defined as the chloride concentration of sea water. However, in case the concrete structures, constructed in the seashore, aren't directly in contact with seawater, it is difficult to establish the interface concentration of chloride. In addition, marine concrete structures are greatly affected by salt attack such as rebar corrosion, among the cause of salt attack, airborne sea salt is primary factor. Therefore, in this study, salt attack environment by airborne sea salt was investigated in terms of a seasonal distribution at 33 spots, 6 areas in the East, West, South coast for 1 year. Results indicated that in the South coast, the amount of the airborne sea salt is comparatively higher in summer. in the West coast. higher in winter. On the other hand, in the East coast, the amount of the airborne sea salt is rarely affected by a season.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-34
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• 1968

Manganese ore deposits of the Samhan Changgun Properties are located at the valley of west-lope-side of Changgun-bong (1132m) occupied over the Myon border between Sochon-myon and Jaesan-myon Pongwha-gun, Kyongsang-Pukdo. Geology of the more property and it's vicinity consists of Wonnan formation and Yulri formation of pre-Cambrain and Changgun limestone formation, Mica-schist formation, quartizite formation and Jaesan formation (containing coal bearing zone the unknown age. And granites and dykes were intruded into the above formation later. 1. Management deposits is embedded the formation of Janggun limestone especially Contact zone in the contact zone to of Chunyang Granite limestone enclosed by Granite, and Maginal zone of fault line in the limestone. Therefore, Chunyang Granite is Closely related to ore deposit. Pegmatite which is near by ore deposit was intruded before mineralization and it seems to be a channelway of ore solution. The most important ore deposits of property grouped into south deposit, east deposit, east-Gachon deposit, South-Gachon deposit, Durimgok deposit and West deposit, out-crops at several place. Besides these deposits there also are several prospects on outcrop scathered. Hydrothermal alteration take place strongly in the well rock and it's sequence are Characterized as following; 1) Dolomitization 2) Carbonization 3) Mamgamotozation 4) Pyritization 5) Silicification 6) Oxidation 2. The grade of manganese dioxide is up to Mn 45% in Maximum, but generally, averaging Mn 30~35% of high grade ore and averaging Mn 30~32% of manganese carbonates are mined in his property.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

PURPOSE. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of etched microgrooves on the hydrophilicity of Ti and osteoblast responses. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Microgrooves were applied on Ti to have 15 and $60{\mu}m$ width, and 3.5 and $10{\mu}m$ depth by photolithography, respectively. Further acid etching was applied to create Ti surfaces with etched microgrooves. Both smooth- and acid-etched Ti were used as the controls. The hydrophilicity of Ti was analyzed by determining contact angles. Cell proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblasts were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, respectively. One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for statistics. RESULTS. Etched microgrooves significantly increased the hydrophilicity of Ti compared to the smooth Ti. $60{\mu}m$-wide etched microgrooves significantly enhanced cell proliferation, whereas the osteogenic activity showed statistically non-significant differences between groups. Result of the osteogenic activity significantly correlated with those of hydrophilicity and cell proliferation. Hydrophilicity was determined to be an influential factor on osteogenic activity. CONCLUSION. This study indicates that increase in hydrophilicity of Ti caused by etched microgrooves acts as an influential factor on osteogenic activity. However, statistically non-significant increase in the ALP activity suggests further investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2022

We analyzed work safety risk factors, which are likely to occur during fishing in gillnet fishing vessels using the written verdict of the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal from 2016 to 2020, and considered work safety management. Of the total of 37 fatal accidents, three cases in the East Sea, six cases in the South Sea, and 28 cases in the West Sea were very frequent. The accident rate per vessel by sea area (%) was 0.08% in East Sea, 0.12% in South Sea, and 0.40% in the West Sea. Based on the East Sea, the number of fatal accidents was 1.6 times higher in the South Sea and 5.4 times higher in the West Sea. Six cases (16.2%) occurred during departure and preparation for fishing in the fishing process, and all other 31 cases (83.8%) occurred during fishing operation. In the order of accident types, 21 cases (56.8%) of being struck by object, eight cases (21.6%) of contact with machinery and six cases (16.2%) of falls from height were found to be fatal accidents in gillnet fishery. Human factors, such as fishers' carelessness and negligent safety management by captain accounted for 27 cases (73.0%) of the main cause, and 35 cases (94.6%) of the secondary cause. In addition to human factors such as fisher's carelessness and negligent safety management by captain, mechanical factors, environmental factors and management factors must be improved together to reduce human casualties. These results are expected to be utilized as basic data for reducing safety accidents during the work of fishers.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the perceived nursing needs and the differences by general characteristics of parents of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to provide useful evidences developing a new intervention for family-centered care in NICU. Methods: A convenience sample of 121 parents of infants in NICU was used and the participants asked to complete the Korean version of NICU Family Needs Inventory (NFNI) from April to May, 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: The participants reported high average score in the perceived nursing needs. In subscales, needs for assurance rated highest score and needs for information, proximity, support, and comfort were followed. Mothers reported higher nursing needs score than fathers except the subscale of support. Conclusion: The findings suggest that nurses in NICU actively provide information about treatment, nursing, results of laboratory tests, and current status to give reassurance to parents. Not only providing informational support of parents of NICU infants, but also finding methods to contact to parents is necessary. In addition, nurses need to provide optimized intervention in current healthcare system and hospital environment.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' actual and perceived glove uses for preventing healthcare associated infection. Methods: We observed nurses' donning glove by occasions and adherence to guideline for glove uses in four ICU in a single hospital. Total of 378 cases were observed from August 16 through October 6, 2020. Sixty one nurses of 66 nurses observed responded to a self-reported questionnaire about perceived glove use and knowledge of glove use. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: The number of observed episodes for glove use was 277. Although the highest numbers of occasions of wearing gloves was contact precaution, the compliance rate was 72.1%. The rates of donning gloves were low in the insertion and removal of peripheral venous catheters, blood glucose testing and blood sampling, which were at risk for exposure to blood. We observed misuse of wearing gloves even when they were not required. Results showed that the majority of non-compliance with glove use were a failure of performing hand hygiene before and after glove use and a failure of changing gloves between procedures on the same patient. The participant's knowledge of glove use was high. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is necessary to provide ICU nurses with education and reinforcement of proper glove uses for infection control.