• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.437-440
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• 2005

We examined the relationship between the 50m temperature estimated by remote sensing sea surface temperature (SST) and fishing ground (squid fishing ground) detected by nighttime visible channel defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) I operational linescan system (OLS) images in the East/Japan Sea during 1993-2000. The results are as follows: The numbers of nighttime fishing boat were distributed the highest in October, and the lowest in April during this study. A nighttime fishing grounds have concentrated in the East Korea Warm Current region, coastal regions of Honshu Island, and Polar front region. Fishing grounds have distributed $11-18^{\circ}C$ of estimated 50m temperature from the satellite data. Relationship between estimated 50m temperature and the distributed fisheries boats showed that the north boundaries of fishing grounds have distributed the temperature of below $12^{\circ}C$ from 1996 to 2000 and that of $13-15^{\circ}C$ during 1993-1995 and 1997-1999. Stable fishing grounds appeared near the Korea/Tsushima Strait from January to March. The center of fishing grounds in spring (April-Jun) have moved to the northward than that in winter, and variations appeared largely in winter. In summer (July-September), center of fishing grounds have formed near the Uleung Island in the south east coast of Korea, and in autumn maximum fishing ground appeared in October, the fishing ground southward from November.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2006

To investigate inflow path of the East Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW) into the Ulleung Basin, hydrographic data surveyed in July 2005 were analyzed. The ESIW was characterized by the Salinity Minimum Layer (SML) within a depth range of 100 to 360 meters. Averaged potential temperature and salinity of the SML were $1.835^{\circ}C$ and 34.049 psu, respectively. Mean potential density $({\sigma}_{\theta})$ of the SML was 27.221 with a standard deviation of 0.0393. On isopycnal surfaces of 27.14 and 27.18 $({\sigma}_{\theta})$ which correspond to upper layers of the ESIW, the coastal low salinity water was separated from the offshore low salinity water by the relatively warm and saline water which might be affected by the Tsushima Warm Current Water. Relatively cold and fresh water, however, intruded into the Ulleung Basin from the region of Korean coast on isopycnal surfaces of 27.22 and 27.26 which was lower layer of the ESIW. The salinity distribution in the isopycnal layer of $27.14{\sim}27.26$ with acceleration potential on 27.22 up surface also showed clearly that the low salinity water flowed from the coastal area and intruded into the Ulleung Basin. This implies that the ESIW flows ken the north to the south along the east coasts of Korea and spreads into the Ulleung Basin in summer.

• Water for future
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.293-302
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• 1984

The tidal and meteorological condition associated with wintertime surges in the Ease China Sea are described. The vertically-integrated finite difference model of the East china Sea have been used to investigate the surges generated during a period of 5 days in November, 1983 dynamically. Computed residual elevations are compared with hourly records form selected tide gauges along the west coast of Korea. Preliminary results on circulation pattern derived from the numerical model are presented and discussed. Further refinement of the model using current meter observation is presently being performed to provide more accurate information on bottom stress distribution.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.9
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• pp.3-19
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• 1989

Shoreline have been changed from time immemorial continuously, three-quarters of the population of the world live by the sea. It is not too much to say that all of us who live in Han penisular live by coastal zone because we can reach in the beach within only for hours. In this way effectual use and menagement of coastal zone is very importent problems in side of protection of marine resources as well as land use. But it has problems which change of shoreline have to be surveyed and to be predictived. This study the pattern and characteristics of the East sea coast including investigations of the shoreline changes of the East sea. This report gives a description of the method for implementing the seawall boundary condition in the shoreline change numerical model. Such analytical solutions can provide a simple and economical means to make a quick qualitative evaluation of shoreline response under a wide range of environmental and engineering conditions.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.spc
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• pp.75-93
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• 2017

As a part of a survey of indigenous biological resources of Korea, 30 marine benthic foraminiferal species belonging to 24 genera and seven orders (Astrorhizida, Lagenida, Lituolida, Miliolida, Robertinida, Rotaliida and Textulariida) were identified. Bottom sediment samples were collected from eight stations on the west and east coast of South Korea, in April 2015 and May 2016, respectively. Ten species belonging to nine genera and five orders (Lagenida, Lituolida, Robertinida, Rotaliida, Textulariida) were identified in the Yellow Sea. Among these taxa, Rotaliida was the dominant order, represented by four species: Evolvocassidulina tenuis (Phleger & Parker, 1951), Cibicides mabahethi Said, 1949, Cibicides pseudolabatulus Perelis & Reiss, 1975 and Cibicidoides barnetti Bermudez, 1949. Twenty species belonging to 15 genera and five orders (Astrorhizida, Lagenida, Lituolida, Miliolida, and Rotaliida) were identified from the East Sea and the Lagenida was the dominant order, represented by 11 species: Lagena strumosa Reuss, 1858, Lagena nebulosa (Cushman, 1923), Lagena striata var. semiornata Reuss, 1863, Procerolagena cylindrocostata Albani & Yassini, 1989, Fissurina bispinata $Ujii{\acute{e}}$, 1963, Oolina laevigata d'Orbigny, 1839, Polymorphina amplissima McCulloch, 1977, Polymorphina subelliptica McCulloch, 1977, Guttulina succincta McCulloch, 1977, Guttulina neoproblema McCulloch, 1977 and Lagenosolenia obtecta McCulloch, 1977. The findings described here increased the number of foraminiferal species in Korea to approximately 1060, and contribute to our understanding of the diversity of foraminifera in Korean waters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2012

EST has been applied to the East Coast to estimate extreme sea levels. Surge heights induced by 51 typhoons which have occurred last 60 years were calculated by ADCIRC model. The training set which is consist of surge heights by both typhoon and monsoon was constructed. The maximum surge height of the year excluding the one by typhoon is considered to be the surge height by monsoon. High/low tide conditions and spring/neap tide conditions were considered for constructing input vectors of typhoon and monsoon, respectively. The annual tide is also considered in response vectors for each case. The result is in accord with Jeong et al. (2008), which implies validity of the present study.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.581-594
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• 2004

CREAHS II carried out an intensive hydrographic survey covering almost entire East Sea in 1999. Hydrographic data from total 203 stations were released to public on the internee. This paper summarized the results of water mass analysis by OHP (Optimum Multiparameter) method that utilizes temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, silicate, nitrate, phosphate and location data as an input data-matrix. A total of eight source water types are identified in the East Sea: four in surface waters(North Korea Surface Water, Tatar Surface Cold Water, East Korean Coastal Water, Modified Tsushima Surface Water), two intermediate water types (Tsushima Middle Water, Liman Cold Water), two deep water types (East Sea Intermediate Water, East Sea Proper Water). Of these NKSW, MTSW and TSCW are the newly reported as the source water type. Distribution of each water types reveals several few interesting hydrographic features. A few noteworthy are summarized as follows: The Tsushima Warm Current enter the East Sea as three branches; East Korea Coastal Water propagates north along the coast around $38^{\circ}N$ then turns to northeastward to $42^{\circ}N$ and moves eastward. Cold waters of northern origin move southward along the coast at the subsurface, which existence the existence of a circulation cell at the intermediate depth of the East Sea. The estimated volume of each water types inferred from the OMP results show that the deep waters (ESIW + ESPW) fill up ca. 90% of the East Sea basins. Consequently the formation and circulation of deep waters are the key factors controlling environmental condition of the East Sea.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-87
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the location, population growth. and cargo concentration of Korean port-cities. In the location theory, Sommer (1976) and McGee (1967) models are newly introduced, as are the Rimmer (1967), Bird (1965), Hoyle (1981) models. which were already introduced in previous studies from Korea. Analysis of population growth in the Korean port-cities is conducted using data from 1966 to 1998. Rimmer and Hoyle's concentration models are used to measure cargo concentration from 1966 to 2000. The main results of this paper are as follows: First, Korean ports are concentrated on the East Sea, the Southern Sea, and the West Sea. Their locations are closely related with the hinterland. the inland city, and growth of port-cities. In considering the foreign countrys' cases, Korean port-cities are similar to the models of Bird and Hoyle. Second, the populations of Ulsan and Pohang grew at the fastest rate in 1966-1998, while the port cities in the Honam and Jeiu region grew at much lower ratios. Most port cities are located near large industrial complexes. Third the growth rates of Gwangyang, Daesan, Pohang, Pyungtaeg, and Samchunpo increased, while those of Busan. Mukho, Masan, Mogpo, Yeosu, and Sokcho declined. Of particular note, the growth rate of Busan remained negative after the late 1980s. Fourth. empirical results using the Rimmer (1967) model indicate that Gwangyang, Daesan, Pyungtag, and Pohang have shown the concentration. But the deconcentration was shown from the Busan, Mukho, Janghang, Gunsan, Mogpo, Yeosu, Masan, Sokcho. and Jeju. Fifth, the concentration of ports located in West coast region has shown the mixed results between concentration and deconcentration except the concentration of early 1970s and 1990s. The concentration of ports located in East coast region has shown the concentration before the middle of 1980s. And deconcentration after the middle of 1980s have appeared. The Southern coast region has shown the continuous deconcentration except the partial concentration of early 1986. and 1991. Planners of Korean ports should find out the factors of concentration and deconcentration of each ports and should determine factors such as investment priority level. size and scope in order to ensure the balanced development of regional ports and port-cities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2019

Computing the sea level slope at the BM(Bench Mark) in the coast areas around the Korean Peninsula is important for establishing height of BM of the Korean geodetic leveling network. In this study, MSL(Mean Sea Level) was recalculated with the long-term tide observation data based on the IHO(International Hydrographic Organization) standard(18.6 years), and the BM height was reanalyzed by precision leveling. The sea surface topography was analyzed by leveling at Mokpo(Mokpo Starting Point), Busan (09-00-00) and Mukho(20-26-00) BMs, and the sea level slope was computed based on the Korean vertical origin point. As a result of this study, the sea level slope of the west and east coasts between Incheon(-2.27cm) and Mukho(17.56cm) located at $37.5^{\circ}N$ was analyzed as 19.83cm. Domestic geodesists and oceanologists have confronted each other with regard to the issue of latitudinal changes in long term MSL. In the west coast, the Mokpo is 1.12cm higher than Incheon, and the Busan is 2.18cm higher than Mukho. Therefore, the west and east coasts have been analyzed as sea level slope rising to the south. It can be used to solve the reestablishment of the Korean geodetic leveling network and the problem of the elevation discrepancy in the BM.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.659-664
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• 2010

This study investigated the distribution of spotted seals, Phoca largha, inhabiting the coast of Baekryongdo. Monitoring of spotted seals in Baekryongdo was conducted between June 2006 and November 2008, using a 5-ton fishing vessel 1hour before low tide. The monthly maximum number of observed seals was 274 in September 2006, 139 in September 2007, and 213 in August 2008. Average observed monthly counts were largest in August and September. Relatively more spotted seals were observed when there were few cloudy days and plenty of sunshine. Bycatch, stranding, and observations of spotted seals have been reported along the coast of the Korean peninsula since 2000, and spotted seals were observed four times in the western coastal region, three times in the southeastern region, and 12 times on the east coast. This suggests that spotted seals inhabiting Baekryongdo migrate to the East Sea via the West and South seas as individuals or in groups.