• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to lay the foundation for a desirable direction to solve future environmental problems through framework research on environmental cooperation according to distribution of urbanization between South and North Korea. The article also attempts to explore solution to two Koreas' environmental problems from the cooperative perspective between South and North Korea and draw future policy tasks. Research design, data, and methodology - For methodology, North Korea's legal system to cope with disasters is taken into consideration in terms of literature review. This study also analyzes a series of processes related to North Korea's disaster management through case study, and draws policy measures for North and South Korea's cooperation scope and methods. Result - The results support that North Korea is very vulnerable to environmental disasters due to food shortages, economic sanctions, and enormous natural disaster damages including flood damages occurring each year, because of the lack of disaster prevention infrastructure such as river maintenance. Conclusion - At the current time when North and South Koran exchange and cooperation increase, a disaster management cooperative system is needed for the areas where South and North Korea manage through division. It also suggests that there is a need to establish regulations and procedures for support items in advance for a quick response to disasters in North Korean region.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose - Beauty service employees who perform emotional labor are becoming an important factor in their duties to be performed at customer contact with the emotional expression norms set and required by organizations and companies. There are health problems for beauty workers due to working environments such as physical, chemical, and social factors. Accordingly, this study presents practical ways to protect the health of beauty workers. Research design, data, and methodology - This review study was conducted by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Riss, Scopus, and Research Gate. Beauty Health Care, Occupational Diseases, Beauty Industry, Beauty Employees, Work-Life Vallance (WLV). I referred to the keywords such as that. A total of 471 papers were searched, of which 46 were finally included in this study on the PRISMA flowchart. Result: The beauty service industry can be classified as a job with high job stress among the beauty industries, and establishing appropriate measures to effectively help beauty industry workers proves to be an important strategy for maintaining physically and mentally healthy lives. Conclusion - Active research is needed to create a healthy environment with sustainable well-being by identifying physical and mental outbreaks according to the degree of awareness through various causes of occupational diseases such as gender and environment of beauty industry workers.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-25
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• 2023

Purpose - The goal of this study is to grasp the current status of the latest overseas direct purchase trends and diversified consumption tendencies, and it can be used as basic quantitative data for selecting the overseas direct purchase market and establishing policies in the e-commerce industry. This study examines the relevance between purchasing equipment and four demographics. Traits of the underlying purchasing equipment are cell phones, tablet PCs and PCs & notebooks. Research design, data, and methodology -This survey was performed in 2021 on a total of 4,537 combined panel households covering 3,510 households and 191,027 additionally set in 2019 and approximately 10,800 household members. In particular, correspondence analysis is utilized to mine the relevance among the underlying variables. Result - It is proved that the underlying demographics except age are relevant to the purchasing equipment of online overseas shopping. Especially, cell phones are closely relevant '2 million-3 million won', jointly relevant to 'service and office work' and marginally to all other academic levels except graduate school or higher. Conclusion - Under intense competition, overseas direct purchase shopping malls should strive to provide not only price competitiveness but better service and customer value in order to continue to grow.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2023

Purpose - The pandemic has magnified and deepened existing socioeconomic disparities, including healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. This study aims to examine the intersectionality of these disparities and their implications for promoting equity and justice. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic disparities. The review includes empirical studies, policy reports, and academic articles on healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing disparities. Result - The pandemic has exposed significant disparities in healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. Healthcare disparities have been highlighted, and there is a need for more equitable access to care and addressing social determinants of health. Educational and income disparities are closely linked, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. Gender disparities have been exacerbated, with women experiencing disproportionate impacts on their health, well-being, and economic security. The pandemic has highlighted the need for safe, stable, and affordable housing. Conclusion - The pandemic has brought to light numerous socioeconomic disparities that require systemic change to address. Promoting equity and justice requires a comprehensive, long-term approach that addresses systemic factors and promotes social and economic equity. By taking action to address these issues, we can create a more just and equitable society that promotes the health and well-being of all its members.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2023

Purpose - The hospitality industry has experienced significant transformations in recent years, primarily driven by advancements in technology and changes in consumer behavior. The worldwide COVID-19 epidemic has intensified a trend of hotel guests increasingly relying on meal delivery applications. Considering the recent COVID-19 pandemic, this study sets out to investigate how hotel guests have been using food delivery apps before and during the outbreak. Research design, data, and methodology - This study utilizes a systematic literature review as its research design. A systematic literature review is a methodical, well-structured procedure for locating, analyzing, and synthesizing pertinent research articles. Result - The findings shed light on four main aspects: convenience and accessibility, safety and hygiene assurance, personalization and customization, and local exploration and cultural immersion. These findings provide valuable insights into the evolving preferences and behaviors of hotel guests in utilizing food delivery apps, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion - This study has contributed to the understanding of the changing role of food delivery apps among hotel guests. By recognizing the evolving dynamics and leveraging the opportunities presented by food delivery apps, hotels can adapt to meet guest expectations, enhance customer satisfaction, and thrive in the ever-changing landscape of the hospitality industry.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2023

Purpose - The goal of this study is to extensively grasp the latest status of domestic home shopping and to propose useful information on the direction of development for the somewhat stagnant this market. This study investigates the relationship between purchasing media and demographic factors such as average monthly income, age and occupation. Categories of purchasing media under consideration are cell phones, tablet PCs, PCs/notebooks, phone calls and TV directly. Research design, data, and methodology -The survey was conducted in 2021 on a total of 4,537 integrated panel households including 3,510 households and 191,027 newly constructed in 2019 and about 10,800 household members aged 6 years or older in the household. The independence test and correspondence analysis as statistical tools are exploited to detect the relationship between the underlying factors. Result - It can be demonstrated that all demographic variables considered are related to the purchase media of home shopping. In particular, cell phones among purchasing media are closely associated with 2 million - 5 million won, teenagers, 20s, 40s, professionals, office workers, managers and soldiers. Conclusion - It is necessary to establish a new management strategy and related policies in order to overcome the current stagnation and ensure the continued growth of this industry.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2024

Purpose: With the growth of the hospitality industry, it is imperative to identify how smart tourism characteristics may be used in hotel management. Current and emerging technologies such as analytic tools, automation, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) help to create value for the guests while also contributing to waste reduction, resource optimization, and increased profitability in the industry. Research design, data and methodology: The literature review was conducted to examine a broad scope of research in analyzing smart tourism characteristics for the improved management of hotels and establish the necessary background for this issue. The analysis was employed to specify the systematic approach of selecting, scrutinizing, and integrating the source of information. Results: According to the systematic literature analysis, four smart tourism characteristics have been established, which can improve various aspects of hotel management. They are as follows: (1) Smart Guest Experience Management, (2) Smart Operations and Resource Management, (3) Smart Customer Relationship Management, and (4) Smart Destination Management. Conclusions: The findings expose the radical approach that smart tourism characteristics take towards the management of hotels. The developments in IT and science-oriented solutions have opened greater opportunities as the hotel industry can enhance clients' satisfaction, productivity, and participation in environmental conservation initiatives for tourism.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

Purpose -In the credit transaction, the issuing bank must examine the documents to pay the credit amount. In order to smoothly execute the credit transaction, document review is a key element, so the 5th revised credit unification rule specifically defines the document review procedure. Research design, data, and methodology - The document review procedure specified in the UCP Rules can be largely divided into the document review period and the rejection procedure for inconsistent documents. First of all, confusion was caused by the ambiguous regulation.. Result - With regard to the document review period, in the actual credit transaction, the issuing bank often negotiates with the issuing client about the waiver of the document inconsistency. Next, in the process of notifying the rejection of inconsistent documents, the issuing bank shall send the rejection notice. Conclusion - This study suggests that the requirement to list all inconsistencies makes it impossible for the issuing bank to further notify the refusal, thereby limiting the right to defend against inconsistencies not listed in the first refusal notice and consequently having the effect of matching them. In addition, the issuing bank's rejection notice is closely related to the beneficiary's exercise of the right to replenish documents.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2021

Purpose - The research was conducted to understand how the values of customers using airline SNS affects customer satisfaction and trust. By finding out which characteristics of customer values lead to customer satisfaction and gaining trust, research concludes with suggestions for various airlines to utilize such characteristics to maintain customers through SNS. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from May to July 2020 for two months from the people who used SNS operated by domestic airlines. 342 samples were selected and used as final samples for the study. Result - The results of the relationship between customers' values and customer satisfaction amongst those who use airlines' SNS show that practical, pleasure and social components all have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. The relationship between customers' values and customer trust amongst those who use airlines' SNS show that practical and pleasure components have a positive effect on customer trust while social component didn't yield a positive impact on customer trust. Conclusion - Identifying and understanding SNS users' value structure and providing specific guidelines for customer value components can help demonstrate the causal relationship between customer value components, customer satisfaction, and trust. Also, evidence of applicable customer value theory could be provided.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2023

Purpose - The prior literature indicated that green consumerism encouragements and programs have led to strict standards against environmental issues, thus reducing emissions from motors and engines and improving clean-burning energy options. The present study seeks to elaborate on the responsibility of ecological education in amplifying potential green consumers. Research design, Data, and methodology -The justification of the qualitative literature method used in this research is essential because, through the extensive explanation, justification and description of the methods used, researchers can enhance the trustworthiness of the research to a particular or designated audience. Result - Environmental education helps customers worldwide recognize the barriers to purchasing green products at every purchase level. Prior studies pointed out that after environmental education, consumers are much more willing to go greener in their consumption and safeguard the environment. Customers want to act green; however, they anticipate companies to lead the way. Conclusion - This research suggests that reusing prevailing resources creatively implies that fewer dollars are spent buying novel stock to generate green products. Although establishing a green company is expensive, it saves a lot of cash over time. Greening procedures can lead to efficiency gains by minimizing energy costs, permitting companies to acquire green tax credits.