• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Many women feel pain in their breasts while running due to an excessively large degree of breast movement. Therefore, most sports bras pursue a reduction in breast movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the breast movement reduction effect of a selection of sports bra designs according to the intensity of the sport and the breast size of the wearer. The study measured differences in the vertical movement of the nipple with 4 types of sports bras and 3 exercise speeds(4km/h, 7km/h, and 10km/h). Subjects included women in their 20s with bra sizes of either B cup(n=3) or C cup(n=3). The results of the study are as follows. Breast movement differed according to running speed and breast size; breast movement significantly increased starting with jogging speed(7km/h), and the C-cup group had a larger degree of vertical movement than the B-cup group. A superior effect on breast movement during jogging(7km/h) and sprinting(10km/h) was observed differently by bra cup sizes. To C-cup group, encapsulation-style sports bra, which provides horizontal support across the upper breast and padding inside the shoulder strap and bra cup to ease impact was most effective and next effective style was the compression-style bra with a princess line to cover the breasts solidly. Most style sports bra were effective in the B-cup group. Besides aforementioned encapsulation-style sports bra, the compression-style bra with a band, which presses the breasts against the chest wall, reduced breast movement effectively.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2001

This paper aims to provide preliminary evidence that (at least part of) phonetic phenomena are not simply automatic or arbitrary, but are explained by the functional guidelines, ease of articulation and maintenance of contrasts. The first study shows that languages with more high vowels (e.g., French) allow larger consonantal deviation from its target than languages with less high vowels (e.g., English). This is interpreted as achieving the economy of articulation to a certain extent in order to avoid otherwise extreme articulatory movement to be made in CV syllables due to strict demand on maintaining vocalic contrasts. The second study shows that Russian plain bilabial consonant allows less amount of undershoot due to the neighboring vowels than does English bilabial consonant. This is probably due to the stricter demand on maintaining the consonantal contrasts, plain vs. palatalized, existing only in Russian.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.292-304
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• 1990

The surface change of upperarm and shoulder blade area are caused by the extensive upper limb movement, thus it is necessary to measure the amount of change for constructing the clothing. Moire photography was taken after plastic casters of upperarm and shoulder blade area was prepared. 1. For the shoulder blade area, subjects showed the same change of surface area for the various limb positions, wherease, for the upperarm only at the $0^{\circ}\;and\;180^{\circ}$ limb position, same change was observed. 2. As the movement of the upperarm was increased, surface area of axillary part was increased and that of shoulder part was decreased. 3. To make a bodice pattern, the minimum size of the back with the ease were $\frac{B}{4}$+3.13 cm R for normal wear and $\frac{B}{4}$+5.75 cm for active wear. 4. As the movement of the arm was increased, the cross section for the upperarm were changed to elliptical shape. 5. For each horizontal basic line, there was a positive correlation between the amount of change of shoulder blad area and that of upperarm area.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.640-655
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• 2019

Technology status was investigated by analyzing patents and development cases of wearable robots. Development direction of wearable robot for wearability was also suggested by understanding the problems of wearability from development cases through the FGI technique. The number of patents per technical field was the most in the field of strength support, but AI in the technology field was different in each country; Korea was found to be poor in the category of daily living assistance. The number of patents by technology category was the most in the category of muscular strength assistance. However, the values of AI in the technology category were different in each country; Korea was found to be poor in the category of daily living assistance. Development cases were focused on rehabilitation, so development is not fulfilled uniformly by use purpose. By wearing body parts, robots with single function type were mainly developed. Rigid material robots were mainly developed. It was confirmed that wearable robot technology is not developed evenly in the category of application because it is in the early stage of the technical proposal and centered on main performance improvement. We derived twelve wearable conditions for wearable robots: Shape and Size Appropriateness, Movement Appropriateness, Composition Appropriateness, Physiological Appropriateness, Performance Satisfaction, Ease of Operation, Safety, Durability, Ease of Dressing, Ease of Cleaning, Portability and Ease of Storage and Appearance Satisfaction. Finally, the development direction of a wearable robot for each wearable condition was suggested.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.311-322
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• 1996

To accomodate workers with efficient mobility, coveralls were redesigned, construted and evaluated. In this study, especially, image processing techniques were applied to the evaluation stage, to quantify thE ease of body movement. For the initial observation stage, car-center workers were interviewed and their movements were videotaped. By analyzing the videotape, the area of stress and strains on the work clothes were marked on the figure chert and considered for the pattern making. 4DM cut pattern were applied to the upper part of the work clothes and other alternations were made throughout the problem area. Honey comb slashes were made on the problem area of the original and newly designed coveralls. Open areas of honey comb slashes due to body movement between the original and newly designed coveralls were analyzed by image processing techniques. Other objective and subjective evaluation of newly designed coveralls was compared with the original one. Overall evaluation of functionally designed coveralls was appered to be positive and the image processing techiques were useful methology to quantify the amount of stress in this study.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.237-248
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• 1988

To access the appropriate height of sleeve cap which is required for the basic sleeve pattern according to arm movements, plaster gypsum experiment was performed. Arm movements were 5types ($0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;135^{\circ},\;180^{\circ}$) to the vertical directions in the front. The appropriateness of the pattern was analyzed by measuring clothing pressure. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Increasing the movement angle, sleeve width increased but height of sleeve cap and armhole girth decreased. 2. Increasing the movement angle, the acromion moved to the front part of bodice. 3. On the basis of the result of the height of sleeve cap, the $\frac{AH}{4} +2.5cm$ sleeve basic 4 pattern is suitable for the direction $M_1(0^{\circ}),\;M_2(45^{\circ})$, and the $\frac{AH}{5}$sleeve basic pattern is suitable for the direction $M_3(90^{\circ}),\;M_4(135^{\circ})$, and $M_5(180^{\circ})$. 4. As the movement angle and height of sleevecap increased, the part which receive high pressure increased and the difference between the hightest and the lowest clothing pressure increased. 5. By the variation of movement angle and height of sleevecap, clothing pressure of upperarm was affected more than that of shoulder blade. 6. The clothing pressure of upperarm and shoulder blades were more affected by the height of sleeve cap than the ease of breast area. 7. Considering the clothing pressure of various arm movement, the most appropriate height of sleeve cap for $M_1(0^{\circ}),\;M_2(45^{\circ})$ positions was to use the $\frac{AH}{4}$+2.5cm, and for $M_3(90^{\circ}),\;M_4(135^{\circ})$, and $M_5(180^{\circ})$, was $\frac{AH}{5}$.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2006

The 3-D information is useful as basic data which has been utilized in the development of simulating technology as fit-simulation. The experiment is designed to take some useful data on the variant shapes which contribute in simulating the adaptability of the clothes. The general figure of the clothes are made after the figure of the basic standing posture of the human body. The shape of the clothes fits with kinetic characteristic of the human body as the form of the clothes gets twisted, the ease of the clothes changes, and the clothes itself expands. We studied the dressed shapes of blouse according to two types of the arm movement(basic posture and reach forward) and three types of clothes(foundation, blouse with short sleeves and sleeveless) in the sit-down-posture. We accomplished some experimental data on three-dimensional measurement of the dressing shapes using TDS-3100 3-D scanner made in Japan PULSTECH. It is considered that the variant of shapes and distribution of gaps in the dressed shapes of blouse are determined by the adaptability of clothes made in arm movement.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2012

This study helps develop a cool body armor that maintains a tight-fit configuration to the body surface and evaluates the performance of newly developed body armor in a wear test. Three types of body armor were used for evaluation. One was a tight fitting body armor that was constructed to improve the degree of fit and ease of movement for Korean soldier using 3D technology. Another was ventilating body armor with attached spacers on the shoulder to reduce the thermal stress on the soldier. The third was a prevailing body armor produced by a Korean body armor company. In order to evaluate the performance of the body armor, a human wear test, a thermal mannequin test, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were executed. Five subjects participated in the wear test. Subjective wear sensation, total amount of sweat and dynamic change of clothing microclimate were observed during and after exercise on a treadmill; subsequently, it was found that subjects rated tight fitting body armor and ventilating body armor lighter, drier, and easier to move than the conventional body armor (p<.05). Total amount of sweat was the least in the case of ventilating body armor. The thermal resistance and vapor resistance of the ventilating body armor were improved remarkably. In addition, the skin temperature of the ventilating body armor with spacers was lower than the tight fitting body armor by at least $1^{\circ}C$ in the CFD result. It is noted that thermal-wet comfort of the 3D body armor with ventilating feature is superior to the conventional body armor, especially when the ventilating channel is not closed due to a backpack.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.778-792
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify women (aged from 49~59), who have recently emerged as consumers, and their clothing preferences, and it suggests how to make jackets provide better fit and wearability. The results of the study are as follows. In drafting a pattern for size 66 tailored collar jacket with an X-silhouette, it was made with front waist length measuring B/4+1.5 cm, a back length of B/4+1.3 cm, an armhole depth of B/4, a hip ease of H/4+1.2 cm and a sleeve opening of 34.5 cm, to allow for easy movement. In drafting a size 66 high neck collar jacket, it was made with a front and back waist length measuring B/4+1.5 cm, an armhole depth of B/4, a hip ease of H/4+1.2 cm and a sleeve opening of 35 cm. In drafting a size 66 sports collar jacket with an A-silhouette, it was made with front and back waist lengths measuring B/4+1.5 cm, an armhole depth of B/4, and a side dart of 1.3 cm, to provide raglan sleeves. The last experimental jacket pattern improved the appearance and moving fitness evaluation especially for shoulder and arm movement. Based on analysis, jackets were made and subjected to an appearance evaluation using multi-modules to test the level of wearing satisfaction for each fabric and silhouette. the results of the multi-module wearing tests indicate that the preferred silhouettes caused less stressful situations in terms of both psychological and physiological signals.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2010

With recent advances in 3D scanning technology, three-dimensional (3D) patternmaking is becoming a powerful way to develop garments pattern. This technology is now applicable to the made to measure (MTM) system of both ordinary and tightly fitting garments. Although the pattern of fitted clothing has been developed using 3D human data, it is still interesting to develop cycling pants by considering while-cycling body posture and fabric elasticity. This study adopted the Garland's triangle simplification method in order to simplify data without distorting the original 3D scan. Next, the Runge-Kutta method (2C-AN program) was used to develop a 2D pattern from the triangular pixels in the 3D scanned data. The 3D scanned data of four male, university students aged from 21 to 25, was obtained using Whole body scanner (Model WB4, Cyberware, Inc., USA). Results showed the average error of measurement was $4.58cm^2$ (0.19%) for area and 0~0.61cm for the length between the 3D body scanned data and the 2D developed pattern data. This is an acceptable range of error for garment manufacture. Additionally, the 2D pattern developed, based on the 3D body scanned data, did not need ease for comfort or ease of movement when cycling. This study thus provides insights into how garment patterns may be developed for ergonomic comfort in certain special environments.