• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education providing school lunch by personalized daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System for adolescent athletes. Methods: The subjects were 60 sports high school students (educated group, 30 vs. noneducated group 30). Nutrition education was provided for 4 weeks (40 min/lesson/week). In addition, personalized school lunch was served for 4 weeks, nutrition education period. The personalized lunch were provided Food Exchange Units according to personalized daily needed energy. The lessons were '5 Major nutrients, functions and foods', 'My daily needed energy and food exchange units by Food Exchange System', 'My meal plan by food exchange units according to my daily needed energy' and 'Smart choice of healthy snacks and eating outs'. After nutrition education, we examined the differences in anthropometric characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake between the educated and the non-educated group. Results: We observed improvements in lean body mass in the educated group. With regard to nutrition knowledge, there were improvements in 'Functions of vitamins', 'Functions of minerals', 'Foods of fat', 'Foods of vitamin', and 'Foods of mineral' in the educated group. In relation to dietary attitude, there were improvements in 'Taking a meal with family and friend', 'Taking a meal at ease', 'Taking a meal with kimchi and vegetables', 'Taking a meal with three kinds of side dishes', 'Priority of choosing snacks' and 'Type of snacks' in the educated group. With regard to dietary intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, there were improvements in intakes levels of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron and zinc. The index of nutrition quality, as indicated by nutrition adequacy ratio also improved in the educated group. Conclusions: These results showed that a nutrition education program providing education lessons and personalized school lunch by food exchange units according to daily needed energy showed positive changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of adolescent athletes. Nutrition education program providing personalized school lunch by Food Exchange Units may improve dietary behaviors and dietary intakes of adolescents.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

This study examines the effect of managerial ownership on firm value in capital markets where outside governance mechanisms to discipline managers are weak or non-existent. We hypothesize that strong market forces in the U.S. confound the effect of managerial ownership on firm value, i.e., the convergence of interest argument. We test the hypothesis using data from 112 firms from Singapore Stock Exchange and 205 firms from the Stock Exchange of Thailand prior to the Asian financial crisis in 1997 when the market forces were weak, yet the investor protection was sufficient to prevent outright appropriation from management. For ease of comparison, we use methodologies from studies done on the U.S. sample firms during the same study period as ours. We find that, both in Singapore and Thailand, firm value is a function of managerial ownership, and the relation is of the famous inverted U-shaped. Moreover, the relation is robust under different model specifications. The results from Thai sample, with weaker market forces than in Singapore, lend support to many agency cost hypotheses advanced in the U.S. Our results provide useful implication for investors in emerging and frontier markets where outside governance mechanisms are yet to be fully developed.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.486-501
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• 2005

XPDL is a XML-based language for process definition exchange that is proposed by WfMC. This paper propose a model which model XPDL document structure (Schema) using UML in order to define and to exchange workflow process, and make business flow understanding ease for inter-business cooperation. So, we define mapping rules in which map XPDL documents into UML class diagram and UML activity diagram. By these mapping rules, elements composing XPDL process meta-model are mapped into UML class diagram, and process activities are mapped into UML activity diagram. Also, we apply proposed mapping technique to model a workflow of (')Credit card state check system.(')

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.922-933
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education using Food Exchange System on elementary students' nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrients intake. Nutrition education lessons (40 min /lesson, 4 times), '5 major nutrients and functions', '6 food groups and sources of 6 food groups', 'good choice of snacks and eating out' as class lesson, 'daily needed energy and food exchange units' as individual lesson, were provided to 70 elementary students (4th grade 33 students, 5th grade 37 students) in Jeonbuk Province. We assessed the changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, food habit using a questionnaire and nutrient intake using 24 hr recall method by nutrition education. In nutrition knowledge, there were significant increases in scores of 'functions of carbohydrate', 'functions of protein', 'functions of lipid', 'foods of carbohydrate', and 'foods of lipid'. In dietary attitude, there were significant increases in scores of 'taking a meal with joy', 'taking a meal at ease', 'taking a meal with sufficient protein intake' and 'taking a meal without spicy foods' by nutrition education. There were significant changes in the type of breakfast and in the frequency of snacks. After education, in type of breakfast, it showed higher number of students ate rice oriented meal than they did before education. and in frequency of snacks, it showed lower number of students ate snacks 'over 3 times' than they did before education. In Carbohydrate : Protein : Fat (CPF) ratio (%), it was significantly changed from 55.8 : 17.7 : 26.6 to 63.6 : 15.3 : 21.1. In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, calcium, phosphate, iron and zinc showed positive changes in distribution of number of children by intake level. That is, there were significant improvements in intakes of vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, calcium, phosphate, iron and zinc. These results showed that nutrition education using Food Exchange System for elementary students improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrients intake. It suggest that nutrition education using Food Exchange System may improve dietary behaviors and reduce an incidence of obesity in elementary students.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2005

SQL/MDR is a metadata registry query language used to consistently exchange and share the data between distributed metadata registries. It is an extension of the international SQL and is familiar to most database builders and administrators. It provides many advantages such as simplicity of query language, ease of use, an independent description for distributed querying, low cost for adding new systems, simplicity of exchanging mechanism, and so on. The goal of this paper is to evaluate and show its merits quantitatively. To achieve this goal, we define simulation models to compare with an existing approach and then describe the evaluation results. In the quantitative evaluation results, the good points of SQL/MDR can be identified and known.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

Purpose - In the joint development of new products, buyers and suppliers exchange information to solve various problems. Uncertainty and ambiguity are typical examples. Uncertainty refers to the lack of information to solve the problem, and equivocality refers to the case where the information is interpreted in multiple processes in the process of providing the information. These uncertainty and equivocality cause new products to be delayed in their development and adversely affect quality. However, unfortunately, there is a lack of researches on how the uncertainty and equivocality of such concepts control the results of new product joint development. But, smooth communication and effective exchange of information is not emphasized only in the general organization. The importance of the new product joint development projects to achieve the two organizations' common goals becomes even greater. The purposes of this study are to analyse the effect of supplier's strategy on the NPD performance and moderating effect of uncertainty and equivocality. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to make a contribution to the lack of academic researches in Korea, this study collects data through questionnaires based on organizational information processing theory and previous studies, and conducts empirical analysis. Results - As a result, the product modularization strategy and the strategic supply chain relationship positively influenced the new product development performance - return on investment and ease of manufacturing. And the interaction effect of uncertainty and equivocality with supplier's strategy - product modularity strategy and strategic supply chain management relationship - reduces or negates the influence of product modularization strategy on new product development performance. Conclusions - This implies that it is important to control uncertainty and equivocality in order for the supplier strategy to have a positive effect on new product development performance. It also emphasizes the necessity of sharing information appropriately for companies that do not want to share the information as possible due to their fear of loss of competitive advantage in the joint development of new products. Because this kind of negative policy might let uncertainty and equivocality be happen in new product joint development process.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.383-393
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• 2011

Because communication facilitates behaviors that are critical for survival and reproduction, it is central to the study of behavior and evolution. One of the most important and difficult issues with respect to communication has been the definition of communication itself. Broadly, it can be defined as an exchange of information from a signaler to a receiver. However, evolution of a signal is likely possible only under conditions in which both the signaler and receiver increase fitness from the exchange of information, often referred to as "true communication." The three primary sensory channels of communication used by animals are chemical, visual, and acoustic. Chemical signals are the oldest and most widespread method of communication. Visual and acoustic signals convey a great deal of information due to ease of modulation, flexibility of signal production, and fast transmission. The most widespread contexts in which animals communicate are sexual interaction and conflict resolution. Signals used for sexual interaction typically contain information about species identity and sexual attractiveness, whereas signals used for conflict resolution may contain information about resource holding potential. Other contexts under which animals communicate include territorial defense, parent-offspring interactions, social integration, sharing of environmental information, and auto-communication.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.427-442
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• 2022

MP3 is one of the most widely used file formats for encoding and representing audio data. One of the reasons for this popularity is their significant ability to reduce audio file sizes in comparison to other encoding techniques. Additionally, other reasons also include ease of implementation, its availability and good technical support. Steganography is the art of shielding the communication between two parties from the eyes of attackers. In steganography, a secret message in the form of a copyright mark, concealed communication, or serial number can be embedded in an innocuous file (e.g., computer code, video film, or audio recording), making it impossible for the wrong party to access the hidden message during the exchange of data. This paper describes a new steganography algorithm for encoding secret messages in MP3 audio files using an improved least significant bit (LSB) technique with high embedding capacity. Test results obtained shows that the efficiency of this technique is higher compared to other LSB techniques.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2013

I participated in Academic Exchange Program(Action plan II) between KADH(Korean Association for Disability and Oral Health) and JSDH(Japanses Society for Disability and Oral Health) for 2 months from 3rd July 2012 to 2nd september 2012 in the Department of Hygiene and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Showa University at Tokyo, Japan. I have observed their operation process and learned what dysphagia is and how it is consulted and taken care of as a therapy for patients with eating and swallowing disorders for two months in The department of special needs dentistry at Showa University Dental Hospital, Jonan Branch of Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Smile Nakano Center, Tokyo metropolitan center for persons with disabilities in Lidabashi for one week, Eating and swallowing functional therapy workshop for disabled children, Tokyo metropolitan Tobu medical center for Persons with Developmental/Multiple Disabilities located in Minamisunamitchi for one week and on The 17-18th JSDR(Japanese Society of Dysphagia rehabilitation) in Sapporo. Through Action Plan II program, I learned how precious eating, drinking and swallowing with ease are and observed how they do and what they do as a dentist or a dental hygienist in Japan for dysphagia patients. Therefore, I want to present the dental approaches of children with dysphagia in Japan, based on my experience for two months.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2022

This article is concerned with asymmetric volatility models for financial time series. A generalization of standard single-threshold volatility model is discussed via multiple-threshold in which we specialize to twothreshold case for ease of presentation. An empirical illustration is made by analyzing S&P500 data from NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). For comparison measures between competing models, parametric bootstrap method is used to generate forecast distributions from which summary statistics of CP (Coverage Probability) and PE (Prediction Error) are obtained. It is demonstrated that our suggestion is useful in the field of asymmetric volatility analysis.