• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.730-744
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• 2006

The United States curriculum reform movement has recently started in each area of science education. The initiatives on curriculum reform stem from a notion that the low rate of science curricula offered in schools has been a serious problem. The schools in the United States are not only facing a lack of offerings within science curricula but also low enrollment in science courses, especially in physics, chemistry, and earth science. This trend resulted in low performances on international achievement tests including TIMSS and PISA. This paper introduces the efforts to solve existing problems through curriculum reform; including ChemCom, BioCom, EarthComm, and Active Physics. In this paper, a discussion is presented to show how the curricula can help address the status quo in science education. More specifically, this paper focuses on curriculum reform in high school earth science (EarthComm), providing a closer look at the scope and sequence of the reform movement. EarthComm was chosen because it was released based on the development of the National Science Education Standards (NRC, 1996). Consequently, EarthComm became a curriculum that espoused the visions of the Standards, which has been guiding the reform of the US curriculum. At the end of this paper, two research outcomes of the EarthComm curriculum implementation in schools are discussed in terms of student learning and differences from conventional curricula.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2007

In this research we conducted a survey on the actual status of the 7th National Earth Science I & II curriculum to explore ways of revising the next Earth Science curriculum for better education. Of the 180 Earth Science teachers, 60% responded to the survey. The domains of the survey consist of (1) the necessity of Earth Science I & II curriculum revision, (2) educational goals, (3) content coverage, (4) level of difficulty and students' interest for Earth Science content, and (5) ways to overcome the crisis of Earth Science education. Majority of the respondents demanded the revision of Earth Science I, II curriculum because of overlapping and repetition of contents among 10th grade science and Earth Science I and overcrowded Earth Science II contents. Based on the survey results, recommendations on how to improve Earth Science I, II curriculum and how to adjust Earth Science contents are suggested. In addition to curriculum improvement, systematic supports are required for Earth science not to be excluded and turned down by the student and the scholastic aptitude test for university admission.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.621-630
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• 2020

이 연구는 몽골과 한국의 중등 지구과학과 교육과정 내용을 비교 분석하여 양국의 지구과학과 교육 내용을 점검하고 향후 지구과학 교육과정 개정에 필요한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 연구 문제는 첫째, 몽골과 한국의 지구과학 교과의 변천 및 현행 운영실태를 파악하고, 다른 국외 사례와 비교 분석하며, 둘째, 몽골과 한국의 지구과학과 교육과정의 내용을 비교 분석한 것이다. 과학과 교육과정에 포함되어 있는 지구과학 관련 내용을 비교 분석하기 위해서 중학교는 TIMSS 평가틀을 활용하였고, 고등학교는 미국의 차세대 과학교육 표준(NGSS)과 한국의 고등학교 지구과학과 교육과정 내용을 혼합하여 전문가의 타당도 분석을 거쳐서 분석틀을 만들었다. 연구 결과, 몽골과 같이 러시아식 교육 체제를 따르고 있는 국가들에서는 지구과학을 독립적인 과학과목으로 편성·운영하지 않았고, 지리교과의 자연지리 영역에서 지구과학 관련 내용을 다루었다. 몽골과 한국의 중학교 과학과 교육과정에서 다루는 지구과학 내용을 분석한 결과 TIMSS 내용분석틀의 27개 내용 요소 중에서 몽골은 18개가 일치했고, 한국은 20개가 일치했다. 한국의 몽골의 고등학교 지구과학 관련 내용은 한국보다 매우 간략하게 서술되어 있었고, 다루지 않는 내용이 많았다. 특히, 몽골 지리 교과과정에서는 환경 관련 내용을 많이 다루었다. 몽골의 지구과학 교육과정 운영 방식과 환경 관련 내용의 강조는 한국의 과학과 사회 교과의 간학문적 통합형 교육과정을 개발시 참고가 될 수 있다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.336-346
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• 2005

This study identifies and compares science content standards that are approved by departments of education in six states: California, Connecticut, Michigan, New Jersey, Texas, and Virginia. Specifically, the study examines the goals/visions, the organizing/progression principles, the strands of science content, and earth science content found in the states curriculum standards compared to National Science Education Standards. Although many states followed the recommendations of NSES or Project 2061, the format and content of the state science standards reviewed are very diverse. The diversity seems to reflect the diverse perspectives and needs of the states. The results of this study provide Korean educators and teachers with useful models or examples to incorporate Korean national science curriculum guides into the science curriculum frameworks of their regions or schools.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide meaningful basic materials for organizing a science curriculum in future by analyzing the status and changes of contents about astronomical phenomena in textbooks according to the changes of the science curriculum of elementary school. A main target of analysis is science textbooks of elementary school in curriculums from 1st to 7th. For the analysis, the analytic frame based on contents in astronomy textbooks of teachers colleges and colleges of education was used. The result of the analysis is as in the following. First, astronomy accounted for average about 7% of all pages of textbooks in all of science curriculums. The 1st educational curriculum had the most learning quantity of 10.40%, and the 6th curriculum had the least quantity of 4.39%. These results show that astronomy was not a small part and was considered important in each science curriculum of elementary school considering that earth science accounted for 17-26% of all pages in elementary school science curriculum. Second, the things that have been dealt with in common in all science curriculums from 1st to 7th of elementary school are the shape of the earth, the rotation and the revolution of the earth, the occurrence of the seasons, the apparent motion of the sun, the status and motion of the moon, the movement of a star, the brightness and distance of a star, constellations, the sun, planets and others. These contents are expected to be dealt with continuously as basic contents to organize astronomy regardless of the changes of curriculum. Third, in science curriculum of elementary school, astronomical phenomena based on life experiences regarding the earth, the moon and the sun are mainly dealt with in the first and the second grade. Contents requiring principles-understanding and research are dealt with in the fifth and sixth grade. These results show that elementary school science curriculum dealing with astronomy reflects the developmental stages of students and considers principle of learning possibility.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2018

이 연구는 '지구와 달' 주제와 관련된 초등학교 2009 개정 과학교과서와 2015 개정 과학교과서 내용을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 우리나라의 2009 개정 과학교과서와 2015 개정 과학교과서의 '지구와 달' 관련 단원의 내용을 선정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 2009 개정 과학교과서에 2015 개정 과학교과서로 개정되면서 교육과정의 성취기준 상에서는 큰 변화는 없었다. 둘째, 두 교육과정의 구체적인 교과서 내용 진술이나 전개는 별다른 차이가 없었으나, 탐구활동면에서는 교육과정의 탐구활동 제시에서는 물론 교과서에 제시된 구체적인 탐구활동에서도 많은 변화를 보였다. 셋째, 2009 개정 과학교과서에 비해 2015 개정 과학교과서에서는 사진과 삽화를 많이 사용하고 있었다. 넷째, 실험관찰과 관련된 변화는 거의 없었으나, 단원을 정리하는 활동이 2015 개정에서는 2009 개정에 비해 강화되었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.356-370
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• 2008

The study aims to explore sequence of earth science content in elementary school science curriculum in Korea and the U.S.. The analysis is focused on a) general content structure of earth science part; b) concept relationship between grades in the specific field of 'geology'; c) longitudinal connection of concepts and content in 'geology.' The findings are as follows. First, earth science curriculum content in Korea is structured according to sub-scientific disciplines centering on not science concepts but topics or inquiry activities whereas the U.S. curricular content is organized through integrative earth science topics with basic concepts and sub-concepts. Second, it is a common feature that basic concepts are interrelated to sub-concepts in all grades in both countries. However, basic concepts are scattered all over the grades, presented in a linear pattern in Korea while those are provided together in 3rd grade and repeated with extended concepts in a spiral structure in the U.S.. Last, it is not clear how concepts and content are longitudinally connected between grades in Korean curriculum. On the contrary, concepts and content in the U.S. curriculum have a strong longitudinal connection between grades with conceptual hierarchy. Such results indicate that Korean elementary school science curriculum would limit students' comprehensive understanding of science concepts through grades. The study suggests Korean science content should strengthen interrelationship among concepts as well as longitudinal connection between grades, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of science education, 'scientific literacy'.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.194-206
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• 2002

This article describes the major themes to change in historical and philosophical perspectives of science education that lead the US and Korean science curriculum reform movements since 1957. Inquiry teaching and criticism of teaching science as inquiry in the late 1950s and the 1960s, Science-Technology-Society (STS) Curricula, and Science Literacy and the 1980s science literacy crisis are discussed. In the US, three major curricular projects as responses to the scientific literacy crisis are exemplary such as the Project 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Project on Scope, Sequence, and Coordination (SS&C) initiated by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), and the National Science Education Standards (NSES) published by the National Research Council. To identify how each set of national content standards differ, we compared specific content standards related to the theory of plate tectonics in Earth and Space science in grades 9-12 over the three national standards: Benchmarks of AAAS, NSES of the NRC, and SS&C of the NSTA. Against this historical background of the US science education reform movements, the curriculum reform movements in Korea is briefly discussed. In general, Korean science curriculum reform movements have reflected and resembled the recommendations of the US reform movements. In addition, it is important to note that throughout the history of curriculum revision in Korea, there have been continuing pendulum swings between a theoretical, discipline-centered curriculum and a liberal, humanistic, and student-centered curriculum, which pays more attention to students in terms of their interest and psychological preparedness. In conclusion, the sixth and seventh national science curriculum revisions reflect rather a student-centered movement by reducing technical and sophisticated topics, taking constructivism learning theory into consideration, and adding more STS related topics.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.759-770
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 제7차 교육과정 지구과학 내용의 적정성을 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위해 교육과정 분석(우리나라, 미국 캘리포리아주, 영국, 일본), 우리나라와 일본 교과서의 지구과학 내용 분석과 초 중등학생, 교사, 교수, 교과서 저자에 대한 광범위한 설문조사를 실시하였다 제7차 교육과정의 지구과학 내용은 과학과 4개 영역의 균등 분배, 단원의 세분화로 인한 내용구성과 연계성 부족, 그리고 나선형 교육과정의 과도한 적용, 지나친 탐구활동 중심의 교과서 내용구성으로 인한 학습량 증가와 체계적 개념 지도의 어려움 등으로 인해 적정하게 구성되어 있지 않다고 평가할 수 있다. 이를 해결하고 지구과학 영역 내용 적정성을 확보하기 위한 방안으로는 첫째, 내용 구성 및 연계 측면에서 볼 때, 각 학년에서 다루게 되는 내용을 과학 4개 영역으로 균등하게 분배하지 말고, 단원의 크기를 다양화해야 한다. 둘째, 학습량 측면에서는 나선형 교육과정의 구성 방식을 탈피하여 학년 수준에 맞는 내용은 해당 학년에서 종료되도록 하여 학년간에 중복이 되지 않도록 해야 하고, 필수 탐구활동의 수를 줄이고 질을 높여야 한다. 셋째, 내용의 수준과 흥미 측면에서, 학생들의 지구과학에 대한 흥미를 제고할 수 있도록 자연재해, 안전, 우주 관련 분야, 자원 등을 강조해야 한다. 아울러 교육 내용 적정성의 평가 준거 중의 하나가 실현 가능성임을 고려할 때, 교육과정이 추구하는 목표가 학교 현장에서 실현될 수 있도록 주변 여건에 대한 지원이 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.500-520
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• 2010

The purposes of this case study were (1) to explore one experienced teacher's views on Earth Systems Education and (2) to describe and document the characteristics of the Earth Systems Education (ESE) curriculum provided by an exemplary middle school science teacher, Dr. J. All the essential pieces of evidence were collected from observations, interviews with the experienced teacher and his eighth grade students, informal conversations, document analysis, and field notes. The $NUD^*IST$ for MS Windows was used for an initial data reduction process and to narrow down the focus of an analysis. All transcriptions and written documents were reviewed carefully and repeatedly to find rich evidence through inductive and content analysis. The findings revealed that ESE provided a conceptual focus and theme for organizing his school curriculum. The curriculum offered opportunities for students to learn relevant local topics and to connect the classroom learning to the real world. The curriculum also played an important role in developing students' value and appreciation of Earth systems and concern for the local environment. His instructional strategies were very compatible with recommendations from a constructivist theory. His major teaching methodology and strategies were hands-on learning, authentic activities-based learning, cooperative learning, project-based learning (e.g., mini-projects), and science field trips. With respect to his views about benefits and difficulties associated with ESE, the most important benefit was that the curriculum provided authentic-based, hands-on activities and made connections between students and everyday life experiences. In addition, he believed that it was not difficult to teach using ESE. However, the lack of time devoted to field trips and a lack of suitable resource materials were obstacles to the implementation of the curriculum. Implications for science education and future research are suggested.