• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.509-527
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• 2001

The Sun's ray is composed of Infrared(49%), Visible light(40%) and Ultra violet(11%), however the ray getting to the earth is FIR(Far infrared; 60%), IR(Infrared; 20%), and UV(Ultra Violet; 20%). Human beings has utilized FIR already from time immemorial. Hershel found out Infrared for the first time. in the Industrial Revolution the Infrared and FIR had been begun to use making products. In these days, with contemporary science FIR would be begun to clear up the implication in the human body and organic compound. IR classified by wavelength three parts NlR, MIR, FIR. There is FIR which is radiated from healthy human body the wave length is 8-l4m. The human body is composed of proteins which get easily changed by a thermal factor (about 42 $^{\circ}$C over). FIR with low temperature can deeply penetrate on the human body composed things without troublesomes, since FIR has effectively operated on the human body at low temperature (35-40 $^{\circ}$C). When FlR penetrated on the human body. it would inhibit the abnormal genes and cells expression, and then information of DNA and RNA would be reexpressed for arranging DNA and RNA abnormal state. As FlR's receptors in the body, it could be presumed that N-glycosyl linkage of purine and deoxyribose, RNA splicing process, and Heat shock protein. To take the FIR which was a optimized wavewlength and strength, at first, we induced the characteristic algorithm and the computerized programing. Then we formed that the formular of optimized FIR with physical, mathematical logic and theory. especially, Plank, Kirchhoff, Wien, Stefan-Boltzmann's logic and law. In the long run, the formular was induced with integration mathematical, since we had to know the molecular wavelength. Based on the induced formular as above, we programmed the optimized FlR radiating computerized program. In this research, we designed the eletronic circuit f3r interfacing with human body to diagnosis and treatment with FIR sensor which radiated FIR wavelength optimized.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.244-251
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• 2003

A two-dimensional BEM code, $FRACOD^{2D}$, was applied to simulate fracture initiation and propagation processes in a rock pillar during an in situ heater test of a rock pillar planned at the $\"{A}sp\"{o}$ Underground Rock laboratory of SKB, in Southern Sweden. To take the advantage of conventional BEM for simulating fracturing processes, but without efforts for domain integral transformation, a hybrid approach is developed to simulate the fracturing processes in rock pillar under coupled thermo-mechanical loading. The code FRACOD was used for simulating the fracture initiation and propagation processes with its boundary tractions reflecting the effects of the initial and redistributed thermomechanical stresses in the domain of interest at multiple excavation and heating steps were produced by a special algorithm of stress inversion, based on resultant thermo-mechanical stress fields at each excavation and heat loading step by a FEM code without considering fracturing processes. This hybrid approach can take the advantages of both types of numerical methods and avoids their shortcomings for fracturing process simulation and domain effects, respectively. In this paper, we present the hybrid approach for the stress, displacements, and fracturing processes at sequential excavation and heating steps of the in situ heater test as a predictive modelling, the formulation of the fracturing models and the predictive results. Two sections of borehole depth, 0.5 m and 1.5 m below the tunnel floor are considered. The pillar area is modelled with the FRACOD and the stress field produced by excavation and heating is transferred with corresponding boundary stresses. From the modelling results, the degree of fracturing and damage are evaluated for 120 days of heating. Dominated shear fracturing in the vicinity of the central pillar was observed from the models at both sections, but spalled area appears to be limited. Based on the modelling results, a sensitivity study for the effect of pre-existing fractures in the vicinity of the holes is also conducted, and the initiation and evolution of EDZ around the deposition holes are investigated using this particular numerical technique.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2 s.44
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• pp.81-89
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• 2006

Pb isotopic compositions were determined from the ore deposits of Beonam, Dongjin, Jeoksang and Bukchang mines distributed within Jeolabuk-do. As a result, individual mine shows significantly different values of Pb isotopic compositions from each other. Pb isotopic values of the Beonam, Bukchang and Dongjin mines altogether from linear variation, but it is too steep to represent their formation age. Instead, such trend suggests that these ore leads were originated from binary mixing. Precambrian basement rocks and Mesozoic granitoids are suggested for such two end-members. The relative contribution of lead from each source seems to be quite different for each ore deposit, implying that the circulation of the ore-forming fluid was very localized when they were formed. In the case of Dongjin mine it seems significant portion of the ore leads were originated from the basement rocks, which suggests that related igneous rock seems to have acted as heat source to generate circulation of the fluid rather than the source of the ore-forming elements.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.228-239
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• 2009

The observations on climate change show a clear increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface and the oceans, a reduction in the land snow cover, and melting of the sea ice and glaciers. The effects of climate change are likely to include more variable weather, heat waves, increased mean temperature, rains, flooding and droughts. The threat of climate change and global warming on human and animal health is now recognized as a global issue. This presentation is described an overview of the latest scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on zoonotic diseases. Climate strongly affects agriculture and livestock production and influences animal diseases, vectors and pathogens, and their habitat. Global warming are likely to change the temporal and geographical distribution of infectious diseases, including those that are vector-borne such as West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, bluetongue, malaria and visceral leishmaniasis, and other diarrheal diseases. The distribution and prevalence of vector-borne diseases may be the most significant effect of climate change. The impact of climate change on the emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases has been confirmed by a majority of countries. Emerging zoonotic diseases are increasingly recognized as a global and regional issue with potential serious human health and economic impacts and their current upward trends are likely to continue. Coordinated international responses are therefore essential across veterinary and human health sectors, regions and countries to control and prevent emerging zoonoses. A new early warning and alert systems is developing and introducing for enhancing surveillance and response to zoonotic diseases. And international networks that include public health, research, medical and veterinary laboratories working with zoonotic pathogens should be established and strengthened. Facing this challenging future, the long-term strategies for zoonotic diseases that may be affected by climate change is need for better prevention and control measures in susceptible livestock, wildlife and vectors in Korea. In conclusion, strengthening global, regional and national early warning systems is extremely important, as are coordinated research programmes and subsequent prevention and control measures, and need for the global surveillance network essential for early detection of zoonotic diseases.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 1996

The EPS has the unit weight of only 20~30kg/m3 and is used as one of the methods of reducing road embankment loads. Parts of it's applications are for backfill materials of structures like abutment, retaining wall, etc., to reduce horizontal earth pressure and for banking materials to secure the safety of settlement and bearing capacity by minimizing the stress Increment. However, the Korean Standards (KS) has not yet proposed any testing method for use of EPS as a engineering banking material. Only its testing and quality ordinance as a heat insulation material has been standardized. Therefore, in Korea, EPS is used as banking material without any systematic testing data as a civil engineering material. In this point of view, this paper deals with the engineering characteristics of EPS through many laboratory tests on strength, strain, absorption, and creep. from the results achived through tests, this paper proposes the enactment of a suitable quality testing ordinance and the criteria of unconfined design strength of EPS for use as engineering material.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2000

;Ultramafic xenoliths found in alkali basalts from Jeju-do, Korea are mostly spinel Iherzolites composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel. A subordinate amount of spinel harzburgites and pyroxenites are also found. Temperatures for these xenoliths were estimated from the compositions of coexisting pyroxenes (Wood '||'&'||' Banno 1973; Wells 1977; Bertrand '||'&'||' Mercier 1985; Brey '||'&'||' Kohler 1990), the AI-solubility in orthopyroxene coexisting with olivine and spinel (Sachtleben '||'&'||' Seck 1981; Webb '||'&'||' Wood 1986), and from Fe/Mg partitioning between olivine and spinel (Ballhaus et al. 1991). Temperature estimates from the thermometers by Wells (1977) and Brey and Kohler (1990) are compatible. Average equilibrium temperatures by these two methods for spinel peridotites range from 890 to 1030$^{\circ}$C. Pressures for spinel peridotites were estimated from the geobarometer by Kohler and Brey (1991) derived from the equilibrium Ca content of olivine coexisting with clinopyroxene, and fall within the range of 12.9 to 26.3 kbar. The combination of the thermometer by Brey and Kohler (1990) and the geobarometer by Kohler and Brey (1991) yields P- T estimates for Jeju-do spinel peridotites that fall in experimentally determined spinel lherzolite field in CFMASCr system (O'Neill 1981). These P-T data sets have been used to construct the Quaternary Jeju-do geotherm, which is significantly different from the conventional conductive geotherm. The xenolith-derived geotherm has a higher T gradient at low P (13 kbar) than at high P, which may be due to perturbation of the conductive heat flow by magma underplating or overplating at the crust-mantle boundary. Temperature estimates and statistics on the xenoliths indicate that the crust/mantle boundary in Jeju-do lies at about 11 kbar (~39 km). Spinellherzolite is inferred as a main constituent rock of the uppermost lithospheric mantle beneath Jeju-do. Pyroxenites were intercalated in peridotites in similar depth and temperature as re-equilibrated veins or lens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.505-505
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• 2011

The control of wettability of thin films is of great importance and its success surely brings us huge applications such as self-cleaning, antifogging and bio-passive treatments. Usually, the control is accomplished by modifying either surface energy or surface topography of films. In general, hydrophobic surface can be produced by coating low surface energy materials such as fluoropolymer or by increasing surface roughness. In contrast, to enhance the hydrophillicity of solid surfaces, high surface energy and smoothness are required. Silica (SiO2) is environmentally safe, harmless to human body and excellently inert to most chemicals. Also its chemical composition is made up of the most abundant elements on the earth's crest, which means that SiO2 is inherently economical in synthesis. Moreover, modification in chemistry of SiO2 into various inorganic-organic hybrid materials and synthesis of films are easily undertaken with the sol-gel process. The contact angle of water on a flat silica surface on which the Young's equation operates shows ~50o. This is a slightly hydrophilic surface. Many attempts have been made to enhance hydrophilicity of silica surfaces. In recent years, superhydrophilic and antireflective coatings of silica were fabricated from silica nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes via a layer-by-layer assembly and postcalcination treatment. This coating layer has a high transmittance value of 97.1% and a short water spread time to flat of <0.5 s, indicating that both antireflective and superhydrophilic functions were realized on the silica surfaces. In this study, we assessed hydrophillicity and hydrophobicity of silica coating layers that were synthesized using the sol-gel process. Systematic changes of processing parameters greatly influence their surface properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.474-480
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• 2011

Space Imaging Sensor operated on LEO is affected from the Earth IR and Albedo as well as the Sun Radiation. The Imaging Sensor exposed to extreme environment needs thermal control subsystem to be maintained in operating/non-operating allowable temperature. Generally, units are periodically dissipated on spacecraft panel, which is designed as radiator. Because thermal design of the imaging sensor inside a spacecraft is isolated, heat pipes connected to radiators on the panel efficiently transfer dissipation of the units. First of all, preliminary thermal design of radiating area and heater power is performed through steady energy balance equation. Based on preliminary thermal design, on-orbit thermal analysis is calculated by SINDA, so calculation for thermal design could be easy and rapid. Radiators are designed to rib-type in order to maintain radiating performance and reduce mass. After on-orbit thermal analysis, thermal requirements for Space Imaging Sensor are verified.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

Various geophysical methods and geological survey were applied for prospecting of geothermal resources and the attitude of volcanic body at northern part of Kumseongsan, Euiseong. They include magnetic, self-potential, radioactive and resistivity methods, temperature logging near the earth's surface and geological survey. The results of this study are summarized as follows. Various geophysical anomalies is related to the geologically Cretaceous conduit. Anomalies of resistivity and temperature logging seem to be related to the geological structure and terrestrial heat. Small radioactive and self-potential anomalies seem to be associated with chemical character of rocks. The sedimentary rocks dip steeply toward the volcanic rocks, aquifuge. Ideal geological structure for bearing ground water and geothermal resources was founded in the study area. The study area and the adjacent two hot springs area consist of Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and have similar geology.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2015

Four recycling scenarios involving pyroprocessing of spent fuel (SF) have been investigated for a 600-MWe transmutation sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), KALIMER. Performance evaluation was done with code system REBUS connected with TRANSX and TWODANT. Scenario Number 1 is the pyroprocessing of Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) SF. Because the recycling of CANDU SF does not have any safety problems, the CANDU-Pyro-SFR system will be possible if the pyroprocessing capacity is large enough. Scenario Number 2 is a feasibility test of feed SF from a pressurized water reactor PWR. Thefsensitivity of cooling time before prior to pyro-processing was studied. As the cooling time sensitivity of cooling time before prior to pyro-processing was studied. As the cooling time increases, excess reactivity at the beginning of the equilibrium cycle (BOEC) decreases, thereby creating advantageous reactivity control and improving the transmutation performance of minor actinides. Scenario Number 3 is a case study for various levels of recovery factors of transuranic isotopes (TRUs). If long-lived fission products can be separated during pyroprocessing, the waste that is not recovered is classified as low- and intermediate-level waste, and it is sufficient to be disposed of in an underground site due to very low-heat-generation rate when the waste cooling time becomes >300 years at a TRU recovery factor of 99.9%. Scenario Number 4 is a case study for the recovery factor of rare earth (RE) isotopes. The RE isotope recovery factor should be lowered to ${\leq}20%$ in order to make sodium void reactivity less than <7$, which is the design limit of a metal fuel.